Emergency Food-Global Market Status & Trend Report 2013-2023 Top 20 Countries Data
Report Summary
Emergency Food-Global Market Status & Trend Report 2013-2023 Top 20 Countries Data offers a comprehensive analysis on Emergency Food industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data in Global major 20 countries and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Top 20 Countries Market Size of Emergency Food 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Emergency Food worldwide and market share by regions, with company and product introduction, position in the Emergency Food market
Market status and development trend of Emergency Food by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Emergency Food, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the global Emergency Food market as:
Global Emergency Food Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023)
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain and Benelux)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia and Australia)
Latin America (Brazil, Argentina and Colombia)
Middle East and Africa
Global Emergency Food Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
High-calorie
Low-calorie
Global Emergency Food Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Disaster Relief
Disaster Preparedness
Global Emergency Food Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Emergency Food Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Orion
Guan Sheng Yuan
Nestle
Lotte
PanPan
KhongGuan
Kraft Foods
HAITAI Confectionery&foods
S.0.S Food Lab
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Emergency Food-Global Market Status & Trend Report 2013-2023 Top 20 Countries Data offers a comprehensive analysis on Emergency Food industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data in Global major 20 countries and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Top 20 Countries Market Size of Emergency Food 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Emergency Food worldwide and market share by regions, with company and product introduction, position in the Emergency Food market
Market status and development trend of Emergency Food by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Emergency Food, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the global Emergency Food market as:
Global Emergency Food Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023)
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain and Benelux)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia and Australia)
Latin America (Brazil, Argentina and Colombia)
Middle East and Africa
Global Emergency Food Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
High-calorie
Low-calorie
Global Emergency Food Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Disaster Relief
Disaster Preparedness
Global Emergency Food Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Emergency Food Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Orion
Guan Sheng Yuan
Nestle
Lotte
PanPan
KhongGuan
Kraft Foods
HAITAI Confectionery&foods
S.0.S Food Lab
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF EMERGENCY FOOD
1.1 Definition of Emergency Food in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Emergency Food
1.2.1 High-calorie
1.2.2 Low-calorie
1.3 Downstream Application of Emergency Food
1.3.1 Disaster Relief
1.3.2 Disaster Preparedness
1.4 Development History of Emergency Food
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Emergency Food 2013-2023
1.5.1 Global Emergency Food Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Emergency Food Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Emergency Food 2013-2017
2.2 Sales Market of Emergency Food by Regions
2.2.1 Sales Volume of Emergency Food by Regions
2.2.2 Sales Value of Emergency Food by Regions
2.3 Production Market of Emergency Food by Regions
2.4 Global Market Forecast of Emergency Food 2018-2023
2.4.1 Global Market Forecast of Emergency Food 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Forecast of Emergency Food by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Sales Volume of Emergency Food by Types
3.2 Sales Value of Emergency Food by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Emergency Food by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Global Sales Volume of Emergency Food by Downstream Industry
4.2 Global Market Forecast of Emergency Food by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 NORTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
5.1 North America Emergency Food Market Status by Countries
5.1.1 North America Emergency Food Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.2 North America Emergency Food Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.3 United States Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.4 Canada Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.5 Mexico Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
5.2 North America Emergency Food Market Status by Manufacturers
5.3 North America Emergency Food Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.1 North America Emergency Food Sales by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.2 North America Emergency Food Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
5.4 North America Emergency Food Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 6 EUROPE MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
6.1 Europe Emergency Food Market Status by Countries
6.1.1 Europe Emergency Food Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.2 Europe Emergency Food Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.3 Germany Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.4 UK Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.5 France Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.6 Italy Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.7 Russia Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.8 Spain Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.9 Benelux Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
6.2 Europe Emergency Food Market Status by Manufacturers
6.3 Europe Emergency Food Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.1 Europe Emergency Food Sales by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.2 Europe Emergency Food Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
6.4 Europe Emergency Food Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 7 ASIA PACIFIC MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
7.1 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Market Status by Countries
7.1.1 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.2 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.3 China Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.4 Japan Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.5 India Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.6 Southeast Asia Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.7 Australia Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
7.2 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Market Status by Manufacturers
7.3 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.1 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Sales by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.2 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
7.4 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 8 LATIN AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
8.1 Latin America Emergency Food Market Status by Countries
8.1.1 Latin America Emergency Food Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.2 Latin America Emergency Food Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.3 Brazil Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.4 Argentina Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.5 Colombia Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
8.2 Latin America Emergency Food Market Status by Manufacturers
8.3 Latin America Emergency Food Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.1 Latin America Emergency Food Sales by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.2 Latin America Emergency Food Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
8.4 Latin America Emergency Food Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 9 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
9.1 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Market Status by Countries
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.3 Middle East Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
9.1.4 Africa Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
9.2 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Market Status by Manufacturers
9.3 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.1 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Sales by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.2 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
9.4 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 10 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCY FOOD
10.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
10.2 Emergency Food Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 11 EMERGENCY FOOD MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
11.1 Production Volume of Emergency Food by Major Manufacturers
11.2 Production Value of Emergency Food by Major Manufacturers
11.3 Basic Information of Emergency Food by Major Manufacturers
11.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Emergency Food Major Manufacturer
11.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Emergency Food Major Manufacturer
11.4 Market Competition News and Trend
11.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
11.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
11.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 12 EMERGENCY FOOD MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
12.1 Orion
12.1.1 Company profile
12.1.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.1.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Orion
12.2 Guan Sheng Yuan
12.2.1 Company profile
12.2.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.2.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Guan Sheng Yuan
12.3 Nestle
12.3.1 Company profile
12.3.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.3.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nestle
12.4 Lotte
12.4.1 Company profile
12.4.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.4.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Lotte
12.5 PanPan
12.5.1 Company profile
12.5.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.5.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of PanPan
12.6 KhongGuan
12.6.1 Company profile
12.6.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.6.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of KhongGuan
12.7 Kraft Foods
12.7.1 Company profile
12.7.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.7.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Kraft Foods
12.8 HAITAI Confectionery&foods
12.8.1 Company profile
12.8.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.8.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of HAITAI Confectionery&foods
12.9 S.0.S Food Lab
12.9.1 Company profile
12.9.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.9.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of S.0.S Food Lab
CHAPTER 13 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCY FOOD
13.1 Industry Chain of Emergency Food
13.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
13.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 14 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCY FOOD
14.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Emergency Food
14.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Emergency Food
14.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Emergency Food
14.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Emergency Food
CHAPTER 15 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 16 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
16.1 Methodology/Research Approach
16.1.1 Research Programs/Design
16.1.2 Market Size Estimation
16.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
16.2 Data Source
16.2.1 Secondary Sources
16.2.2 Primary Sources
16.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Emergency Food in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Emergency Food
1.2.1 High-calorie
1.2.2 Low-calorie
1.3 Downstream Application of Emergency Food
1.3.1 Disaster Relief
1.3.2 Disaster Preparedness
1.4 Development History of Emergency Food
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Emergency Food 2013-2023
1.5.1 Global Emergency Food Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Emergency Food Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Emergency Food 2013-2017
2.2 Sales Market of Emergency Food by Regions
2.2.1 Sales Volume of Emergency Food by Regions
2.2.2 Sales Value of Emergency Food by Regions
2.3 Production Market of Emergency Food by Regions
2.4 Global Market Forecast of Emergency Food 2018-2023
2.4.1 Global Market Forecast of Emergency Food 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Forecast of Emergency Food by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Sales Volume of Emergency Food by Types
3.2 Sales Value of Emergency Food by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Emergency Food by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Global Sales Volume of Emergency Food by Downstream Industry
4.2 Global Market Forecast of Emergency Food by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 NORTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
5.1 North America Emergency Food Market Status by Countries
5.1.1 North America Emergency Food Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.2 North America Emergency Food Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.3 United States Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.4 Canada Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.5 Mexico Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
5.2 North America Emergency Food Market Status by Manufacturers
5.3 North America Emergency Food Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.1 North America Emergency Food Sales by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.2 North America Emergency Food Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
5.4 North America Emergency Food Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 6 EUROPE MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
6.1 Europe Emergency Food Market Status by Countries
6.1.1 Europe Emergency Food Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.2 Europe Emergency Food Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.3 Germany Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.4 UK Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.5 France Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.6 Italy Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.7 Russia Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.8 Spain Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.9 Benelux Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
6.2 Europe Emergency Food Market Status by Manufacturers
6.3 Europe Emergency Food Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.1 Europe Emergency Food Sales by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.2 Europe Emergency Food Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
6.4 Europe Emergency Food Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 7 ASIA PACIFIC MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
7.1 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Market Status by Countries
7.1.1 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.2 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.3 China Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.4 Japan Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.5 India Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.6 Southeast Asia Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.7 Australia Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
7.2 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Market Status by Manufacturers
7.3 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.1 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Sales by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.2 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
7.4 Asia Pacific Emergency Food Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 8 LATIN AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
8.1 Latin America Emergency Food Market Status by Countries
8.1.1 Latin America Emergency Food Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.2 Latin America Emergency Food Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.3 Brazil Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.4 Argentina Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.5 Colombia Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
8.2 Latin America Emergency Food Market Status by Manufacturers
8.3 Latin America Emergency Food Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.1 Latin America Emergency Food Sales by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.2 Latin America Emergency Food Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
8.4 Latin America Emergency Food Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 9 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
9.1 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Market Status by Countries
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.3 Middle East Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
9.1.4 Africa Emergency Food Market Status (2013-2017)
9.2 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Market Status by Manufacturers
9.3 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.1 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Sales by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.2 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
9.4 Middle East and Africa Emergency Food Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 10 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCY FOOD
10.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
10.2 Emergency Food Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 11 EMERGENCY FOOD MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
11.1 Production Volume of Emergency Food by Major Manufacturers
11.2 Production Value of Emergency Food by Major Manufacturers
11.3 Basic Information of Emergency Food by Major Manufacturers
11.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Emergency Food Major Manufacturer
11.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Emergency Food Major Manufacturer
11.4 Market Competition News and Trend
11.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
11.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
11.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 12 EMERGENCY FOOD MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
12.1 Orion
12.1.1 Company profile
12.1.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.1.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Orion
12.2 Guan Sheng Yuan
12.2.1 Company profile
12.2.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.2.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Guan Sheng Yuan
12.3 Nestle
12.3.1 Company profile
12.3.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.3.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nestle
12.4 Lotte
12.4.1 Company profile
12.4.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.4.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Lotte
12.5 PanPan
12.5.1 Company profile
12.5.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.5.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of PanPan
12.6 KhongGuan
12.6.1 Company profile
12.6.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.6.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of KhongGuan
12.7 Kraft Foods
12.7.1 Company profile
12.7.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.7.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Kraft Foods
12.8 HAITAI Confectionery&foods
12.8.1 Company profile
12.8.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.8.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of HAITAI Confectionery&foods
12.9 S.0.S Food Lab
12.9.1 Company profile
12.9.2 Representative Emergency Food Product
12.9.3 Emergency Food Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of S.0.S Food Lab
CHAPTER 13 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCY FOOD
13.1 Industry Chain of Emergency Food
13.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
13.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 14 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCY FOOD
14.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Emergency Food
14.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Emergency Food
14.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Emergency Food
14.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Emergency Food
CHAPTER 15 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 16 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
16.1 Methodology/Research Approach
16.1.1 Research Programs/Design
16.1.2 Market Size Estimation
16.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
16.2 Data Source
16.2.1 Secondary Sources
16.2.2 Primary Sources
16.3 Reference
