United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Report 2017

August 2017 | 108 pages | ID: UC638998BF1EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

In this report, the United States Gluten-Free Bread Products market is valued at USD XX million in 2016 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022.

Geographically, this report splits the United States market into seven regions:

• The West
• Southwest
• The Middle Atlantic
• New England
• The South
• The Midwest
• with sales (volume), revenue (value), market share and growth rate of Gluten-Free Bread Products in these regions, from 2012 to 2022 (forecast).

United States Gluten-Free Bread Products market competition by top manufacturers/players, with Gluten-Free Bread Products sales volume, price, revenue (Million USD) and market share for each manufacturer/player; the top players including

• Boulder brands
• Hain Celestial
• General Mills
• Kellogg
• Kraft Heinz
• Pirate Brands
• Dr Schaer
• Mrs Crimble
• Freedom Foods
• Orgran
• Pastariso
• Amy's Kitchen
• Enjoy Life Foods
• Ener-G Foods Inc
• Food For Life
• Hero Group
• Raisio
• Farmo
• Nature's Path Foods

On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• No-Gluten Bread
• Little-Gluten Bread

On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Gluten-Free Bread Products for each application, including

• Hypermarkets and Supermarkets
• Independent Retailers
• Convenience Stores
• Other

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Report 2017

1 GLUTEN-FREE BREAD PRODUCTS OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Gluten-Free Bread Products
1.2 Classification of Gluten-Free Bread Products by Product Category
  1.2.1 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Size (Sales Volume) Comparison by Type (2012-2022)
  1.2.2 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Size (Sales Volume) Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016
  1.2.3 No-Gluten Bread
  1.2.4 Little-Gluten Bread
1.3 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Size (Consumption) and Market Share Comparison by Application (2012-2022)
  1.3.2 Hypermarkets and Supermarkets
  1.3.3 Independent Retailers
  1.3.4 Convenience Stores
  1.3.5 Other
1.4 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market by Region
  1.4.1 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Size (Value) Comparison by Region (2012-2022)
  1.4.2 The West Gluten-Free Bread Products Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.3 Southwest Gluten-Free Bread Products Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.4 The Middle Atlantic Gluten-Free Bread Products Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.5 New England Gluten-Free Bread Products Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.6 The South Gluten-Free Bread Products Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.7 The Midwest Gluten-Free Bread Products Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 United States Market Size (Value and Volume) of Gluten-Free Bread Products (2012-2022)
  1.5.1 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
  1.5.2 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

2 UNITED STATES GLUTEN-FREE BREAD PRODUCTS MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS

2.1 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
2.2 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue and Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
2.3 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Average Price by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
2.4 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Suppliers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in United States Market
2.5 United States Players/Suppliers Gluten-Free Bread Products Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3 UNITED STATES GLUTEN-FREE BREAD PRODUCTS SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2012-2017)

3.1 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.2 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.3 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Price by Region (2012-2017)

4 UNITED STATES GLUTEN-FREE BREAD PRODUCTS SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY TYPE (PRODUCT CATEGORY) (2012-2017)

4.1 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales and Market Share by Type (Product Category) (2012-2017)
4.2 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
4.3 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Price by Type (2012-2017)
4.4 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)

5 UNITED STATES GLUTEN-FREE BREAD PRODUCTS SALES (VOLUME) BY APPLICATION (2012-2017)

5.1 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
5.2 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 UNITED STATES GLUTEN-FREE BREAD PRODUCTS PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 Boulder brands
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Gluten-Free Bread Products Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 Boulder brands Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 Hain Celestial
  6.2.2 Gluten-Free Bread Products Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 Hain Celestial Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 General Mills
  6.3.2 Gluten-Free Bread Products Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 General Mills Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Kellogg
  6.4.2 Gluten-Free Bread Products Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Kellogg Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 Kraft Heinz
  6.5.2 Gluten-Free Bread Products Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 Kraft Heinz Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 Pirate Brands
  6.6.2 Gluten-Free Bread Products Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 Pirate Brands Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 Dr Schaer
  6.7.2 Gluten-Free Bread Products Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 Dr Schaer Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Mrs Crimble
  6.8.2 Gluten-Free Bread Products Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 Mrs Crimble Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 Freedom Foods
  6.9.2 Gluten-Free Bread Products Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 Freedom Foods Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Orgran
  6.10.2 Gluten-Free Bread Products Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 Orgran Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 Pastariso
6.12 Amy's Kitchen
6.13 Enjoy Life Foods
6.14 Ener-G Foods Inc
6.15 Food For Life
6.16 Hero Group
6.17 Raisio
6.18 Farmo
6.19 Nature's Path Foods

7 GLUTEN-FREE BREAD PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 Gluten-Free Bread Products Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Gluten-Free Bread Products

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 Gluten-Free Bread Products Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Gluten-Free Bread Products Major Manufacturers in 2016
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 UNITED STATES GLUTEN-FREE BREAD PRODUCTS MARKET SIZE (VALUE AND VOLUME) FORECAST (2017-2022)

11.1 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2017-2022)
11.2 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
11.3 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
11.4 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 APPENDIX

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer


The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Product Picture of Gluten-Free Bread Products
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Size (K MT) by Type (2012-2022)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016
Figure No-Gluten Bread Product Picture
Figure Little-Gluten Bread Product Picture
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Size (K MT) by Application (2012-2022)
Figure United States Sales Market Share of Gluten-Free Bread Products by Application in 2016
Figure Hypermarkets and Supermarkets Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Hypermarkets and Supermarkets
Figure Independent Retailers Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Independent Retailers
Figure Convenience Stores Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Convenience Stores
Figure Other Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Other
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Size (Million USD) by Region (2012-2022)
Figure The West Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Southwest Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure The Middle Atlantic Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure New England Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure The South of US Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure The Midwest Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Major Players Product Sales Volume (K MT) (2012-2017)
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales (K MT) of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2012-2017)
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue (Million USD) by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Table United States Market Gluten-Free Bread Products Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Figure United States Market Gluten-Free Bread Products Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Players/Suppliers in 2016
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Share of Top 3 Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Market Share of Top 5 Players/Suppliers
Table United States Players/Suppliers Gluten-Free Bread Products Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table United States Players/Suppliers Gluten-Free Bread Products Product Category
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales (K MT) by Region (2012-2017)
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Market Share by Region in 2016
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Market Share by Region in 2016
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Price (USD/MT) by Region (2012-2017)
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales (K MT) by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Market Share by Type in 2016
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Gluten-Free Bread Products by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Gluten-Free Bread Products by Type in 2016
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Price (USD/MT) by Types (2012-2017)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales (K MT) by Application (2012-2017)
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Market Share by Application in 2016
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Table Boulder brands Basic Information List
Table Boulder brands Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Boulder brands Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Boulder brands Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Boulder brands Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Hain Celestial Basic Information List
Table Hain Celestial Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Hain Celestial Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Hain Celestial Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Hain Celestial Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table General Mills Basic Information List
Table General Mills Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure General Mills Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure General Mills Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure General Mills Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Kellogg Basic Information List
Table Kellogg Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Kellogg Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Kellogg Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Kellogg Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Kraft Heinz Basic Information List
Table Kraft Heinz Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Kraft Heinz Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Kraft Heinz Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Kraft Heinz Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Pirate Brands Basic Information List
Table Pirate Brands Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Pirate Brands Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Pirate Brands Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Pirate Brands Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Dr Schaer Basic Information List
Table Dr Schaer Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Dr Schaer Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Dr Schaer Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Dr Schaer Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Mrs Crimble Basic Information List
Table Mrs Crimble Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Mrs Crimble Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Mrs Crimble Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Mrs Crimble Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Freedom Foods Basic Information List
Table Freedom Foods Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Freedom Foods Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Freedom Foods Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Freedom Foods Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Orgran Basic Information List
Table Orgran Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Orgran Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Orgran Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Orgran Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Pastariso Basic Information List
Table Amy's Kitchen Basic Information List
Table Enjoy Life Foods Basic Information List
Table Ener-G Foods Inc Basic Information List
Table Food For Life Basic Information List
Table Hero Group Basic Information List
Table Raisio Basic Information List
Table Farmo Basic Information List
Table Nature's Path Foods Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Gluten-Free Bread Products
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Gluten-Free Bread Products
Figure Gluten-Free Bread Products Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Gluten-Free Bread Products Major Players/Suppliers in 2016
Table Major Buyers of Gluten-Free Bread Products
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume (K MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Price (USD/MT) Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Type in 2022
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Application in 2022
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Table United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Figure United States Gluten-Free Bread Products Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region in 2022
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources