Pigeon Pea Market Size & Market Share Data, Latest Trend Analysis and Future Growth Intelligence Report - Forecast by Prize Range, by Form, by Distribution Channel, Analysis and Outlook from 2023 to 2030
Pigeon Pea Market Size Data, Trends, Growth Opportunities, and Restraining Factors
This latest publication on the Pigeon Pea market presents revised market size from 2023 to 2030, current trends shaping the Pigeon Pea market, short-term and long-term factors driving the market, competition, and opportunities to leverage the Pigeon Pea business - Growth estimates for different types, applications, and other segments of the Pigeon Pea market along with insights into the current market scenario are included to assist companies in identifying the winning strategies.
The Pigeon Pea market outlook considers the impact of supply chain disruption due to the prevailing and presumable geopolitical issues across the globe - The impact of trade tariffs, restrictions, loss of production, and availability of alternatives and substitutes are included while preparing the Pigeon Pea market size and projections - The difference in the impact of inflation for food at home Vs food service is well noted and, the effects during past economic downturns are correlated with current market trends to foresee the impact on the Pigeon Pea business precisely.
Pigeon Pea Market Analytics and Outlook by product types, Applications, and Other Segments
The Pigeon Pea market intelligence report includes an in-depth analysis of the various segments of the Pigeon Pea market, such as product types, applications, end-users, technologies, sales channels, and others in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East Africa, and Latin America - The Pigeon Pea research delivers market data and CAGR growth rates at global, regional, and key country levels, considering expected short-term turbulence in the global economy.
The Pigeon Pea Market is further detailed by splitting Market Size, Shares, and growth outlook
Pigeon Pea Market Competition, Intelligence, Key Players, winning strategies to 2030
The 2023 Pigeon Pea report identifies winning strategies for companies to register increased sales and improve market share.
Opinions from senior executives from leading companies in the Pigeon Pea market are imbibed thoroughly and the Pigeon Pea industry expert predictions on the economic downturn, technological advancements in the Pigeon Pea market, and customized strategies specific to a product and geography are mentioned.
Key companies analyzed in the research include -
The report provides insights into consumer behavior and preferences, including their buying patterns, brand loyalty, and factors influencing their purchasing decisions - It also includes an analysis of the regulatory environment and its impact on the Pigeon Pea industry - Shifting consumer demand despite declining GDP and burgeoning interest rates to control surging inflation is well detailed.
What's Included in the Report
What is the current Pigeon Pea market size at global, regional, and country levels?
What is the market penetration of different types, Applications, processes/technologies, and distribution/sales channels of the Pigeon Pea market?
What will be the impact of economic slowdown/recission on Pigeon Pea demand/sales in 2023, 2024?
How has the global Pigeon Pea market evolved in past years and what will be the future trajectory?
What are the post-COVID changes, impact of growing inflation, Russia-Ukraine war on the Pigeon Pea market forecast?
What are the Supply chain challenges for Pigeon Pea?
What are the potential regional Pigeon Pea markets to invest in?
What is the product evolution and high-performing products to focus in the Pigeon Pea market?
What are the key driving factors and opportunities in the industry?
Who are the key players in Pigeon Pea market and what is the degree of competition/Pigeon Pea market share?
What is the market structure /Pigeon Pea Market competitive Intelligence?
Available Customizations
The standard syndicate report is designed to serve the common interests of Pigeon Pea Market players across the value chain, and include selective data and analysis from entire research findings as per the scope and price of the publication -
However, to precisely match the specific research requirements of individual clients, we offer several customization options to include the data and analysis of interest in the final deliverable.
Some of the customization requests are as mentioned below –
Segmentation of choice – Our clients can seek customization to modify/add a market division for types/applications/end-uses/processes of their choice -
Pigeon Pea Pricing and Margins Across the Supply Chain, Pigeon Pea Price Analysis / International Trade Data / Import-Export Analysis,
Supply Chain Analysis, Supply – Demand Gap Analysis, PESTLE Analysis, Macro-Economic Analysis, and other Pigeon Pea market analytics
Processing and manufacturing requirements, Patent Analysis, Technology Trends, and Product Innovations
Further, the client can seek customization to break down geographies as per their requirements for specific countries/country groups such as South East Asia, Central Asia, Emerging and Developing Asia, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Benelux, Emerging and Developing Europe, Nordic countries, North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Caribbean, The Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) or any other.
Capital Requirements, Income Projections, Profit Forecasts, and other parameters to prepare a detailed project report to present to Banks/Investment Agencies.
Customization of up to 10% of the content can be done without any additional charges.
Additional support
This latest publication on the Pigeon Pea market presents revised market size from 2023 to 2030, current trends shaping the Pigeon Pea market, short-term and long-term factors driving the market, competition, and opportunities to leverage the Pigeon Pea business - Growth estimates for different types, applications, and other segments of the Pigeon Pea market along with insights into the current market scenario are included to assist companies in identifying the winning strategies.
The Pigeon Pea market outlook considers the impact of supply chain disruption due to the prevailing and presumable geopolitical issues across the globe - The impact of trade tariffs, restrictions, loss of production, and availability of alternatives and substitutes are included while preparing the Pigeon Pea market size and projections - The difference in the impact of inflation for food at home Vs food service is well noted and, the effects during past economic downturns are correlated with current market trends to foresee the impact on the Pigeon Pea business precisely.
Pigeon Pea Market Analytics and Outlook by product types, Applications, and Other Segments
The Pigeon Pea market intelligence report includes an in-depth analysis of the various segments of the Pigeon Pea market, such as product types, applications, end-users, technologies, sales channels, and others in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East Africa, and Latin America - The Pigeon Pea research delivers market data and CAGR growth rates at global, regional, and key country levels, considering expected short-term turbulence in the global economy.
The Pigeon Pea Market is further detailed by splitting Market Size, Shares, and growth outlook
- by Prize Range (Premium, Mid and Low)
- by Form (Frozen, Dried, Canned and Fresh)
- by Distribution Channel (Supermarket/hypermarket, Independent Grocery Stores, Online/e-Commerce)
Pigeon Pea Market Competition, Intelligence, Key Players, winning strategies to 2030
The 2023 Pigeon Pea report identifies winning strategies for companies to register increased sales and improve market share.
Opinions from senior executives from leading companies in the Pigeon Pea market are imbibed thoroughly and the Pigeon Pea industry expert predictions on the economic downturn, technological advancements in the Pigeon Pea market, and customized strategies specific to a product and geography are mentioned.
Key companies analyzed in the research include -
- SYMAF Co Ltd.,
- Sun Impex
- Interamsa Agroindustrial SA
- A.B.agro Company
- Arvind Limited,
- Akyurek Kardesler Ltd.,
- Taj Foods
- Pulses Splitting & Processing Industry Pvt Ltd
- Unitex Tanzania Limited.
The report provides insights into consumer behavior and preferences, including their buying patterns, brand loyalty, and factors influencing their purchasing decisions - It also includes an analysis of the regulatory environment and its impact on the Pigeon Pea industry - Shifting consumer demand despite declining GDP and burgeoning interest rates to control surging inflation is well detailed.
What's Included in the Report
- Global Pigeon Pea market size and growth projections, 2022 - 2030
- North America Pigeon Pea market size and growth forecasts, 2022 - 2030 (United States, Canada, Mexico)
- Europe market size and growth forecasts, 2022 - 2030 (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain)
- Asia-Pacific Pigeon Pea market size and growth forecasts, 2022 - 2030 (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia)
- Middle East Africa Pigeon Pea market size and growth estimate, 2022 - 2030 (Middle East, Africa)
- South and Central America Pigeon Pea market size and growth outlook, 2022 - 2030 (Brazil, Argentina, Chile)
- Pigeon Pea market size, share and CAGR of key products, applications, and other verticals, 2022 - 2030
- Short - and long-term Pigeon Pea market trends, drivers, challenges, and opportunities
- Pigeon Pea market insights, Porter’s Five Forces analysis
- Profiles of 5 leading companies in the industry - overview, key strategies, financials, product portfolio and SWOT analysis
- Latest market news and developments
What is the current Pigeon Pea market size at global, regional, and country levels?
What is the market penetration of different types, Applications, processes/technologies, and distribution/sales channels of the Pigeon Pea market?
What will be the impact of economic slowdown/recission on Pigeon Pea demand/sales in 2023, 2024?
How has the global Pigeon Pea market evolved in past years and what will be the future trajectory?
What are the post-COVID changes, impact of growing inflation, Russia-Ukraine war on the Pigeon Pea market forecast?
What are the Supply chain challenges for Pigeon Pea?
What are the potential regional Pigeon Pea markets to invest in?
What is the product evolution and high-performing products to focus in the Pigeon Pea market?
What are the key driving factors and opportunities in the industry?
Who are the key players in Pigeon Pea market and what is the degree of competition/Pigeon Pea market share?
What is the market structure /Pigeon Pea Market competitive Intelligence?
Available Customizations
The standard syndicate report is designed to serve the common interests of Pigeon Pea Market players across the value chain, and include selective data and analysis from entire research findings as per the scope and price of the publication -
However, to precisely match the specific research requirements of individual clients, we offer several customization options to include the data and analysis of interest in the final deliverable.
Some of the customization requests are as mentioned below –
Segmentation of choice – Our clients can seek customization to modify/add a market division for types/applications/end-uses/processes of their choice -
Pigeon Pea Pricing and Margins Across the Supply Chain, Pigeon Pea Price Analysis / International Trade Data / Import-Export Analysis,
Supply Chain Analysis, Supply – Demand Gap Analysis, PESTLE Analysis, Macro-Economic Analysis, and other Pigeon Pea market analytics
Processing and manufacturing requirements, Patent Analysis, Technology Trends, and Product Innovations
Further, the client can seek customization to break down geographies as per their requirements for specific countries/country groups such as South East Asia, Central Asia, Emerging and Developing Asia, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Benelux, Emerging and Developing Europe, Nordic countries, North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Caribbean, The Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) or any other.
Capital Requirements, Income Projections, Profit Forecasts, and other parameters to prepare a detailed project report to present to Banks/Investment Agencies.
Customization of up to 10% of the content can be done without any additional charges.
Additional support
- All the data presented in tables and charts of the report is provided in a separate Excel document
- Print authentication allowed on purchase of online versions
- 10% free customization to include any specific data/analysis to match the requirement
- 7 days of analyst support
1. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1 List of Tables
1.2 List of Figures
2. GLOBAL PIGEON PEA MARKET REVIEW, 2022
2.1 Pigeon Pea Market Scope
2.2 Research Methodology
3. PIGEON PEA MARKET INSIGHTS
3.1 Pigeon Pea Market Trends to 2030
3.2 Future Opportunities in the Pigeon Pea Market
3.3 Dominant Applications of Pigeon Pea to 2030
3.4 Leading Products of Pigeon Pea to 2030
3.5 High Prospect Countries in Pigeon Pea Market to 2030
3.6 Pigeon Pea Market Growth-Share Matrix
4. PIGEON PEA MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND RESTRAINTS
4.1 Latest Trends and Recent Developments in the Pigeon Pea Market
4.2 Key Factors Driving the Pigeon Pea Market Growth
4.3 Major Challenges to the Pigeon Pea Industry, 2023- 2030
4.4 Post-COVID Scenario, Impact of Russia-Ukraine War and Inflation
5 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS FOR GLOBAL PIGEON PEA MARKET
5.1 Pigeon Pea Industry Attractiveness Index, 2022
5.2 Threat of New Entrants
5.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
5.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers
5.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry
5.6 Threat of Substitutes
6. GLOBAL PIGEON PEA MARKET DATA – INDUSTRY SIZE, SHARE, AND OUTLOOK
6.1 Pigeon Pea Market Annual Size Outlook, 2023- 2030 ($ Million)
6.2 Pigeon Pea Key Suppliers, Emerging Markets and Technologies
6.3 Global Pigeon Pea Market Annual Sales Outlook by Region, 2023- 2030 ($ Million)
6.4 Global Pigeon Pea Market Size Outlook, by Prize Range (Premium, Mid and Low)
6.5 Global Pigeon Pea Market Size Outlook, by Form (Frozen, Dried, Canned and Fresh)
6.6 Global Pigeon Pea Market Size Outlook, by Distribution Channel (Supermarket/hypermarket, Independent Grocery Stores, Online/e-Commerce)
7. ASIA PACIFIC PIGEON PEA INDUSTRY STATISTICS – MARKET SIZE, SHARE, COMPETITION AND OUTLOOK
7.1 Asia Pacific Market Insights, 2022
7.2 Asia Pacific Pigeon Pea Market Revenue Forecast by Country, 2023- 2030 (USD Million)
7.2.1 China Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
7.2.2 India Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
7.2.3 Japan Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
7.2.4 South Korea Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
7.2.5 Australia Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
7.3 Asia Pacific Pigeon Pea Market Key suppliers, Leading companies, Emerging markets and technologies
7.4 Asia-Pacific Pigeon Pea Market Value Forecast, by Prize Range
7.5 Asia-Pacific Pigeon Pea Market Value Forecast, by Form
7.6 Asia-Pacific Pigeon Pea Market Value Forecast, by Distribution Channel
8. NORTH AMERICA PIGEON PEA MARKET TRENDS, OUTLOOK, AND GROWTH PROSPECTS
8.1 North America Snapshot, 2022
8.2 North America Pigeon Pea Market Analysis and Outlook by Country, 2023- 2030($ Million)
8.2.1 United States Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
8.2.2 Canada Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
8.2.3 Mexico Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
8.3 North America Pigeon Pea Market Key suppliers, Leading companies, Emerging markets and technologies
8.4 North America Pigeon Pea Market Revenue Projections, by Prize Range
8.5 North America Pigeon Pea Market Revenue Projections, by Form
8.6 North America Pigeon Pea Market Revenue Projections, by Distribution Channel
9. EUROPE PIGEON PEA MARKET HISTORICAL TRENDS, OUTLOOK, AND BUSINESS PROSPECTS
9.1 Europe Key Findings, 2022
9.2 Europe Pigeon Pea Market Size and Percentage Breakdown by Country, 2023- 2030 (USD Million)
9.2.1 Germany Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
9.2.2 United Kingdom (UK) Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
9.2.3 France Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
9.2.4 Italy Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
9.2.5 Spain Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
9.3 Europe Pigeon Pea Market Key suppliers, Leading companies, Emerging markets and technologies
9.4 Europe Pigeon Pea Market Size Outlook, by Prize Range
9.5 Europe Pigeon Pea Market Size Outlook, by Form
9.6 Europe Pigeon Pea Market Size Outlook, by Distribution Channel
10. MIDDLE EAST AFRICA PIGEON PEA MARKET OUTLOOK AND GROWTH PROSPECTS
10.1 Middle East Africa Overview, 2022
10.2 Middle East Africa Pigeon Pea Market Statistics by Country, 2023- 2030 (USD Million)
10.2.1 Middle East Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
10.2.2 Africa Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
10.3 Middle East Africa Pigeon Pea Market Key suppliers, Leading companies, Emerging markets and technologies
10.4 Middle East Africa Pigeon Pea Market Size Data, by Prize Range
10.5 Middle East Africa Pigeon Pea Market Size Data, by Form
10.6 Middle East Africa Pigeon Pea Market Size Data, by Distribution Channel
11. SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA PIGEON PEA MARKET DRIVERS, CHALLENGES, AND GROWTH PROSPECTS
11.1 South and Central America Snapshot, 2022
11.2 South and Central America Pigeon Pea Market Future by Country, 2023- 2030($ Million)
11.2.1 Brazil Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
11.2.2 Argentina Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
11.2.3 Chile Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
11.3 South and Central America Pigeon Pea Market Key suppliers, Leading companies, Emerging markets and technologies
11.4 Latin America Pigeon Pea Market Value, by Prize Range
11.5 Latin America Pigeon Pea Market Value, by Form
11.6 Latin America Pigeon Pea Market Value, by Distribution Channel
12. PIGEON PEA MARKET STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
12.1 Key Companies in Pigeon Pea Business
12.2 Pigeon Pea Product Portfolio
12.3 Financial Analysis
12.4 SWOT and Financial Analysis Review
13. LATEST NEWS, DEALS, AND DEVELOPMENTS IN PIGEON PEA MARKET
14 APPENDIX
14.1 Demographic Analysis of Key Markets
14.2 Pigeon Pea Trade and Relevant Market Analysis
14.3 Publisher Expertise
14.4 Pigeon Pea Industry Report Sources and Methodology
1.1 List of Tables
1.2 List of Figures
2. GLOBAL PIGEON PEA MARKET REVIEW, 2022
2.1 Pigeon Pea Market Scope
2.2 Research Methodology
3. PIGEON PEA MARKET INSIGHTS
3.1 Pigeon Pea Market Trends to 2030
3.2 Future Opportunities in the Pigeon Pea Market
3.3 Dominant Applications of Pigeon Pea to 2030
3.4 Leading Products of Pigeon Pea to 2030
3.5 High Prospect Countries in Pigeon Pea Market to 2030
3.6 Pigeon Pea Market Growth-Share Matrix
4. PIGEON PEA MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND RESTRAINTS
4.1 Latest Trends and Recent Developments in the Pigeon Pea Market
4.2 Key Factors Driving the Pigeon Pea Market Growth
4.3 Major Challenges to the Pigeon Pea Industry, 2023- 2030
4.4 Post-COVID Scenario, Impact of Russia-Ukraine War and Inflation
5 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS FOR GLOBAL PIGEON PEA MARKET
5.1 Pigeon Pea Industry Attractiveness Index, 2022
5.2 Threat of New Entrants
5.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
5.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers
5.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry
5.6 Threat of Substitutes
6. GLOBAL PIGEON PEA MARKET DATA – INDUSTRY SIZE, SHARE, AND OUTLOOK
6.1 Pigeon Pea Market Annual Size Outlook, 2023- 2030 ($ Million)
6.2 Pigeon Pea Key Suppliers, Emerging Markets and Technologies
6.3 Global Pigeon Pea Market Annual Sales Outlook by Region, 2023- 2030 ($ Million)
6.4 Global Pigeon Pea Market Size Outlook, by Prize Range (Premium, Mid and Low)
6.5 Global Pigeon Pea Market Size Outlook, by Form (Frozen, Dried, Canned and Fresh)
6.6 Global Pigeon Pea Market Size Outlook, by Distribution Channel (Supermarket/hypermarket, Independent Grocery Stores, Online/e-Commerce)
7. ASIA PACIFIC PIGEON PEA INDUSTRY STATISTICS – MARKET SIZE, SHARE, COMPETITION AND OUTLOOK
7.1 Asia Pacific Market Insights, 2022
7.2 Asia Pacific Pigeon Pea Market Revenue Forecast by Country, 2023- 2030 (USD Million)
7.2.1 China Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
7.2.2 India Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
7.2.3 Japan Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
7.2.4 South Korea Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
7.2.5 Australia Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
7.3 Asia Pacific Pigeon Pea Market Key suppliers, Leading companies, Emerging markets and technologies
7.4 Asia-Pacific Pigeon Pea Market Value Forecast, by Prize Range
7.5 Asia-Pacific Pigeon Pea Market Value Forecast, by Form
7.6 Asia-Pacific Pigeon Pea Market Value Forecast, by Distribution Channel
8. NORTH AMERICA PIGEON PEA MARKET TRENDS, OUTLOOK, AND GROWTH PROSPECTS
8.1 North America Snapshot, 2022
8.2 North America Pigeon Pea Market Analysis and Outlook by Country, 2023- 2030($ Million)
8.2.1 United States Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
8.2.2 Canada Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
8.2.3 Mexico Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
8.3 North America Pigeon Pea Market Key suppliers, Leading companies, Emerging markets and technologies
8.4 North America Pigeon Pea Market Revenue Projections, by Prize Range
8.5 North America Pigeon Pea Market Revenue Projections, by Form
8.6 North America Pigeon Pea Market Revenue Projections, by Distribution Channel
9. EUROPE PIGEON PEA MARKET HISTORICAL TRENDS, OUTLOOK, AND BUSINESS PROSPECTS
9.1 Europe Key Findings, 2022
9.2 Europe Pigeon Pea Market Size and Percentage Breakdown by Country, 2023- 2030 (USD Million)
9.2.1 Germany Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
9.2.2 United Kingdom (UK) Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
9.2.3 France Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
9.2.4 Italy Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
9.2.5 Spain Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
9.3 Europe Pigeon Pea Market Key suppliers, Leading companies, Emerging markets and technologies
9.4 Europe Pigeon Pea Market Size Outlook, by Prize Range
9.5 Europe Pigeon Pea Market Size Outlook, by Form
9.6 Europe Pigeon Pea Market Size Outlook, by Distribution Channel
10. MIDDLE EAST AFRICA PIGEON PEA MARKET OUTLOOK AND GROWTH PROSPECTS
10.1 Middle East Africa Overview, 2022
10.2 Middle East Africa Pigeon Pea Market Statistics by Country, 2023- 2030 (USD Million)
10.2.1 Middle East Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
10.2.2 Africa Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
10.3 Middle East Africa Pigeon Pea Market Key suppliers, Leading companies, Emerging markets and technologies
10.4 Middle East Africa Pigeon Pea Market Size Data, by Prize Range
10.5 Middle East Africa Pigeon Pea Market Size Data, by Form
10.6 Middle East Africa Pigeon Pea Market Size Data, by Distribution Channel
11. SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA PIGEON PEA MARKET DRIVERS, CHALLENGES, AND GROWTH PROSPECTS
11.1 South and Central America Snapshot, 2022
11.2 South and Central America Pigeon Pea Market Future by Country, 2023- 2030($ Million)
11.2.1 Brazil Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
11.2.2 Argentina Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
11.2.3 Chile Pigeon Pea Market, 2023- 2030
11.3 South and Central America Pigeon Pea Market Key suppliers, Leading companies, Emerging markets and technologies
11.4 Latin America Pigeon Pea Market Value, by Prize Range
11.5 Latin America Pigeon Pea Market Value, by Form
11.6 Latin America Pigeon Pea Market Value, by Distribution Channel
12. PIGEON PEA MARKET STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
12.1 Key Companies in Pigeon Pea Business
12.2 Pigeon Pea Product Portfolio
12.3 Financial Analysis
12.4 SWOT and Financial Analysis Review
13. LATEST NEWS, DEALS, AND DEVELOPMENTS IN PIGEON PEA MARKET
14 APPENDIX
14.1 Demographic Analysis of Key Markets
14.2 Pigeon Pea Trade and Relevant Market Analysis
14.3 Publisher Expertise
14.4 Pigeon Pea Industry Report Sources and Methodology
