Europe Canned Soup Market Report 2017

January 2017 | 109 pages | ID: E6EDDE9491AEN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Sales, means the sales volume of Canned Soup

Revenue, means the sales value of Canned Soup

This report studies sales (consumption) of Canned Soup in Europe market, especially in Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, Spain and Benelux, focuses on top players in these countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these Countries, covering

• Kraft Heinz
• Nestle
• Nissin Foods
• Campbell Soup
• Baxters Food Group
• Premier Foods
• General Mills
• NK Hurst Company
• Kroger
• House Foods Group

Market Segment by Countries, this report splits Europe into several key Countries, with sales (consumption), revenue, market share and growth rate of Canned Soup in these countries, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like

• Germany
• France
• UK
• Russia
• Italy
• Spain
• Benelux

Split by product type, with sales, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into

• Condensed
• Ready-to-eat
• Vegetarian
• Non-Vegetarian

Split by application, this report focuses on sales, market share and growth rate of Canned Soup in each application, can be divided into

• Super Markets/ Hyper Markets
• Convenience Stores
• Food speciality stores
• Others

Contents

Europe Canned Soup Market Report 2017

1 CANNED SOUP OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Canned Soup
1.2 Classification of Canned Soup
  1.2.1 Condensed
  1.2.2 Ready-to-eat
  1.2.3 Vegetarian
  1.2.4 Non-Vegetarian
1.3 Application of Canned Soup
  1.3.1 Super Markets/ Hyper Markets
  1.3.2 Convenience Stores
  1.3.3 Food speciality stores
  1.3.4 Others
1.4 Canned Soup Market by Countries
  1.4.1 Germany Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.2 France Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.3 UK Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.4 Russia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.5 Italy Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.6 Spain Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.7 Benelux Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Canned Soup (2011-2021)
  1.5.1 Europe Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
  1.5.2 Europe Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

2 EUROPE CANNED SOUP BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION

2.1 Europe Canned Soup Market Competition by Manufacturers
  2.1.1 Europe Canned Soup Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
  2.1.2 Europe Canned Soup Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Europe Canned Soup (Volume and Value) by Type
  2.2.1 Europe Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
  2.2.2 Europe Canned Soup Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
2.3 Europe Canned Soup (Volume and Value) by Countries
  2.3.1 Europe Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
  2.3.2 Europe Canned Soup Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
2.4 Europe Canned Soup (Volume) by Application

3 GERMANY CANNED SOUP (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

3.1 Germany Canned Soup Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  3.1.1 Germany Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  3.1.2 Germany Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  3.1.3 Germany Canned Soup Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
3.2 Germany Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
3.3 Germany Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Type
3.4 Germany Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Application

4 FRANCE CANNED SOUP (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

4.1 France Canned Soup Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  4.1.1 France Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  4.1.2 France Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  4.1.4 France Canned Soup Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
4.2 France Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
4.3 France Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Type
4.4 France Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Application

5 UK CANNED SOUP (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

5.1 UK Canned Soup Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  5.1.1 UK Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  5.1.2 UK Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  5.1.5 UK Canned Soup Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
5.2 UK Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
5.3 UK Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Type
5.4 UK Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Application

6 RUSSIA CANNED SOUP (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

6.1 Russia Canned Soup Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  6.1.1 Russia Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.2 Russia Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.6 Russia Canned Soup Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
6.2 Russia Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Russia Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Russia Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Application

7 ITALY CANNED SOUP (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

7.1 Italy Canned Soup Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  7.1.1 Italy Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  7.1.2 Italy Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  7.1.7 Italy Canned Soup Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
7.2 Italy Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 Italy Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 Italy Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Application

8 SPAIN CANNED SOUP (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

8.1 Spain Canned Soup Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  8.1.1 Spain Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  8.1.2 Spain Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  8.1.8 Spain Canned Soup Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
8.2 Spain Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 Spain Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 Spain Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Application

9 BENELUX CANNED SOUP (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

9.1 Benelux Canned Soup Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  9.1.1 Benelux Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  9.1.2 Benelux Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  9.1.9 Benelux Canned Soup Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
9.2 Benelux Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Benelux Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Benelux Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Application

10 EUROPE CANNED SOUP MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

10.1 Kraft Heinz
  10.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.1.2 Canned Soup Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.1.2.1 Condensed
    10.1.2.2 Ready-to-eat
  10.1.3 Kraft Heinz Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.2 Nestle
  10.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.2.2 Canned Soup Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.2.2.1 Condensed
    10.2.2.2 Ready-to-eat
  10.2.3 Nestle Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.3 Nissin Foods
  10.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.3.2 Canned Soup Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.3.2.1 Condensed
    10.3.2.2 Ready-to-eat
  10.3.3 Nissin Foods Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.4 Campbell Soup
  10.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.4.2 Canned Soup Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.4.2.1 Condensed
    10.4.2.2 Ready-to-eat
  10.4.3 Campbell Soup Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.5 Baxters Food Group
  10.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.5.2 Canned Soup Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.5.2.1 Condensed
    10.5.2.2 Ready-to-eat
  10.5.3 Baxters Food Group Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.6 Premier Foods
  10.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.6.2 Canned Soup Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.6.2.1 Condensed
    10.6.2.2 Ready-to-eat
  10.6.3 Premier Foods Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.7 General Mills
  10.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.7.2 Canned Soup Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.7.2.1 Condensed
    10.7.2.2 Ready-to-eat
  10.7.3 General Mills Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.8 NK Hurst Company
  10.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.8.2 Canned Soup Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.8.2.1 Condensed
    10.8.2.2 Ready-to-eat
  10.8.3 NK Hurst Company Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.9 Kroger
  10.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.9.2 Canned Soup Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.9.2.1 Condensed
    10.9.2.2 Ready-to-eat
  10.9.3 Kroger Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.10 House Foods Group
  10.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.10.2 Canned Soup Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.10.2.1 Condensed
    10.10.2.2 Ready-to-eat
  10.10.3 House Foods Group Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview

11 CANNED SOUP MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

11.1 Canned Soup Key Raw Materials Analysis
  11.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  11.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  11.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  11.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
11.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  11.2.1 Raw Materials
  11.2.2 Labor Cost
  11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
11.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Canned Soup

12 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

12.1 Canned Soup Industrial Chain Analysis
12.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
12.3 Raw Materials Sources of Canned Soup Major Manufacturers in 2015
12.4 Downstream Buyers

13 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

13.1 Marketing Channel
  13.1.1 Direct Marketing
  13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
  13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  13.2.2 Brand Strategy
  13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List

14 EUROPE CANNED SOUP MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)

14.1 Germany Canned Soup Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.2 France Canned Soup Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.3 UK Canned Soup Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.4 Russia Canned Soup Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.5 Italy Canned Soup Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.6 Spain Canned Soup Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.7 Benelux Canned Soup Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.8 Europe Canned Soup Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
14.9 Europe Canned Soup Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)

15 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

16 APPENDIX

Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Canned Soup
Table Classification of Canned Soup
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Canned Soup by Type in 2015
Figure Condensed Picture
Figure Ready-to-eat Picture
Figure Vegetarian Picture
Figure Non-Vegetarian Picture
Table Application of Canned Soup
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Canned Soup by Application in 2015
Figure Super Markets/ Hyper Markets Examples
Figure Convenience Stores Examples
Figure Food speciality stores Examples
Figure Others Examples
Figure Germany Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure France Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure UK Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Russia Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Italy Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Spain Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Benelux Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Europe Canned Soup Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Canned Soup Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Canned Soup Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Canned Soup Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Canned Soup Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Canned Soup Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Europe Canned Soup Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Canned Soup Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Canned Soup Sales Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Canned Soup by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Canned Soup Sales Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Canned Soup Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Canned Soup Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Canned Soup by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Canned Soup Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Canned Soup Sales Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Canned Soup by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Canned Soup Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Canned Soup Revenue Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Canned Soup by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Canned Soup Sales and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table Europe Canned Soup Sales Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Canned Soup by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Canned Soup Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Germany Canned Soup Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Canned Soup Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Canned Soup Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Canned Soup Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Canned Soup Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Canned Soup Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure France Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Canned Soup Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table France Canned Soup Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Canned Soup Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Canned Soup Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Canned Soup Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Canned Soup Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table France Canned Soup Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure UK Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Canned Soup Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table UK Canned Soup Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Canned Soup Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Canned Soup Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Canned Soup Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Canned Soup Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Canned Soup Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Russia Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Canned Soup Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Russia Canned Soup Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Canned Soup Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Canned Soup Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Canned Soup Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Canned Soup Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Canned Soup Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Italy Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Canned Soup Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Italy Canned Soup Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Canned Soup Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Canned Soup Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Canned Soup Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Canned Soup Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Canned Soup Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Spain Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Canned Soup Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Spain Canned Soup Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Canned Soup Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Canned Soup Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Canned Soup Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Canned Soup Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Canned Soup Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Benelux Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Canned Soup Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Benelux Canned Soup Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Canned Soup Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Canned Soup Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Canned Soup Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Canned Soup Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Canned Soup Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Canned Soup Basic Information List
Table Kraft Heinz Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Kraft Heinz Canned Soup Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Nestle Basic Information List
Table Nestle Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Nestle Canned Soup Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Nissin Foods Basic Information List
Table Nissin Foods Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Nissin Foods Canned Soup Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Campbell Soup Basic Information List
Table Campbell Soup Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Campbell Soup Canned Soup Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Baxters Food Group Basic Information List
Table Baxters Food Group Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Baxters Food Group Canned Soup Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Premier Foods Basic Information List
Table Premier Foods Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Premier Foods Canned Soup Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table General Mills Basic Information List
Table General Mills Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table General Mills Canned Soup Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table NK Hurst Company Basic Information List
Table NK Hurst Company Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table NK Hurst Company Canned Soup Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Kroger Basic Information List
Table Kroger Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Kroger Canned Soup Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table House Foods Group Basic Information List
Table House Foods Group Canned Soup Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table House Foods Group Canned Soup Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Canned Soup
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Canned Soup
Figure Canned Soup Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Canned Soup Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Canned Soup
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Germany Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Canned Soup Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Canned Soup Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Europe Canned Soup Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Europe Canned Soup Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)