China Hemp-based Foods Market Research Report 2017

December 2017 | 113 pages | ID: CC7A47F1C1BEN
QYResearch

Abstracts

The global Hemp-based Foods market is valued at XX million USD in 2016 and is expected to reach XX million USD by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022.

China plays an important role in global market, with market size of xx million USD in 2016 and will be xx million USD in 2022, with a CAGR of xx%.

This report studies the Hemp-based Foods development status and future trend in China, focuses on top players in China, also splits Hemp-based Foods by type and by applications, to fully and deeply research and reveal the market general situation and future forecast.

The major players in China market include

• Hempco
• Manitoba Harvest
• Mettrum Originals
• Naturally Splendid
• Braham and Murray
• Canada Hemp Foods
• Elixinol
• Healthy Brands Collective
• Hemp Foods Australia
• Laguna Blends
• Nutiva
• The Cool Hemp Company

Geographically, this report splits the China market into six regions,

• South China
• East China
• Southwest China
• Northeast China
• North China
• Central China
• Northwest China

On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume (K MT), revenue (Million USD), product price (USD/MT), market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Hemp Seed
• Hemp Protein
• Hemp Oil
• Other

On the basis of the end users/application, this report covers

• Supermarket/Hypermarket
• Convenience Store
• Independent Retailer
• Other

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

China Hemp-based Foods Market Research Report 2017

1 HEMP-BASED FOODS OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Hemp-based Foods
1.2 Classification of Hemp-based Foods by Product Category
  1.2.1 China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) Comparison by Type (2012-2022)
  1.2.2 China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) Market Share by Type in 2016
  1.2.3 Hemp Seed
  1.2.4 Hemp Protein
  1.2.5 Hemp Oil
  1.2.6 Other
1.3 China Hemp-based Foods Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Market Share Comparison by Applications (2012-2022)
  1.3.2 Supermarket/Hypermarket
  1.3.3 Convenience Store
  1.3.4 Independent Retailer
  1.3.5 Other
1.4 China Hemp-based Foods Market by Region
  1.4.1 China Hemp-based Foods Market Size (Million USD) Comparison by Region (2012-2022)
  1.4.2 South China Hemp-based Foods Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.3 East China Hemp-based Foods Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.4 Southwest China Hemp-based Foods Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.5 Northeast China Hemp-based Foods Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.6 North China Hemp-based Foods Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.7 Central China Hemp-based Foods Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 China Market Size (Sales and Revenue) of Hemp-based Foods (2012-2022)
  1.5.1 China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)
  1.5.2 China Hemp-based Foods Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)

2 CHINA HEMP-BASED FOODS MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/MANUFACTURERS

2.1 China Hemp-based Foods Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.2 China Hemp-based Foods Revenue and Share by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.3 China Hemp-based Foods Average Price (USD/MT) by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.4 China Hemp-based Foods Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 China Hemp-based Foods Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 China Hemp-based Foods Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in China Market
2.5 China Players/Manufacturers Hemp-based Foods Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Types

3 CHINA HEMP-BASED FOODS SALES AND REVENUE BY REGION (2012-2017)

3.1 China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.2 China Hemp-based Foods Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.3 China Hemp-based Foods Price (USD/MT) by Regions (2012-2017)

4 CHINA '&B1&' SALES AND REVENUE BY TYPE/ PRODUCT CATEGORY (2012-2017)'

4.1 China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Market Share by Type/ Product Category (2012-2017)
4.2 China Hemp-based Foods Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
4.3 China Hemp-based Foods Price (USD/MT) by Type (2012-2017)
4.4 China Hemp-based Foods Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2012-2017)

5 CHINA '&B1&' SALES BY APPLICATION (2012-2017)'

5.1 China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
5.2 China Hemp-based Foods Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2012-2017)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 CHINA HEMP-BASED FOODS PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 Hempco
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Hemp-based Foods Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 Hempco Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 Manitoba Harvest
  6.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.2.2 Hemp-based Foods Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 Manitoba Harvest Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 Mettrum Originals
  6.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.3.2 Hemp-based Foods Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 Mettrum Originals Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Naturally Splendid
  6.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.4.2 Hemp-based Foods Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Naturally Splendid Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 Braham and Murray
  6.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.5.2 Hemp-based Foods Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 Braham and Murray Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 Canada Hemp Foods
  6.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.6.2 Hemp-based Foods Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 Canada Hemp Foods Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 Elixinol
  6.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.7.2 Hemp-based Foods Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 Elixinol Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Healthy Brands Collective
  6.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.8.2 Hemp-based Foods Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 Healthy Brands Collective Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 Hemp Foods Australia
  6.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.9.2 Hemp-based Foods Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 Hemp Foods Australia Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Laguna Blends
  6.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.10.2 Hemp-based Foods Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 Laguna Blends Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 Nutiva
6.12 The Cool Hemp Company

7 HEMP-BASED FOODS MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 Hemp-based Foods Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Hemp-based Foods

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 Hemp-based Foods Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Hemp-based Foods Major Manufacturers in 2016
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 CHINA HEMP-BASED FOODS MARKET SIZE (SALES AND REVENUE) FORECAST (2017-2022)

11.1 China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD) Forecast (2017-2022)
11.2 China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
11.3 China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
11.4 China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCE

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer
13.4 Author List


The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Global and China Market Size (Million USD) Comparison (2012-2022)
Table Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Revenue (Million USD) Market Split by Product Type
Table Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) by Application (2016-2022)
Figure Product Picture of Hemp-based Foods
Table China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%) Comparison by Types (Product Category) (2012-2022)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales Volume Market Share by Types in 2016
Figure Hemp Seed Product Picture
Figure Hemp Protein Product Picture
Figure Hemp Oil Product Picture
Figure Other Product Picture
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) Comparison by Application (2012-2022)
Figure China Sales Market Share (%) of Hemp-based Foods by Application in 2016
Figure Supermarket/Hypermarket Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Supermarket/Hypermarket
Figure Convenience Store Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Convenience Store
Figure Independent Retailer Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Independent Retailer
Figure Other Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Other
Figure South China Hemp-based Foods Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure East China Hemp-based Foods Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Southwest China Hemp-based Foods Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Northeast China Hemp-based Foods Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure North China Hemp-based Foods Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Central China Hemp-based Foods Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)
Table China Hemp-based Foods Sales of Key Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table China Hemp-based Foods Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 China Hemp-based Foods Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China Hemp-based Foods Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China Hemp-based Foods Revenue by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table China Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 China Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China Market Hemp-based Foods Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure China Market Hemp-based Foods Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers in 2016
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Market Share of Top 3 Players/Manufacturers
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Market Share of Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
Table China Players/Manufacturers Hemp-based Foods Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table China Players/Manufacturers Hemp-based Foods Product Category
Table China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) by Regions (2012-2017)
Table China Hemp-based Foods Sales Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales Market Share (%) by Regions in 2016
Table China Hemp-based Foods Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Table China Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions in 2016
Table China Hemp-based Foods Price (USD/MT) by Regions (2012-2017)
Table China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) by Type (2012-2017)
Table China Hemp-based Foods Sales Share (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales Share (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales Market Share (%) by Type in 2016
Table China Hemp-based Foods Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table China Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Hemp-based Foods by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Hemp-based Foods by Type in 2016
Table China Hemp-based Foods Price (USD/MT) by Types (2012-2017)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Table China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) by Applications (2012-2017)
Table China Hemp-based Foods Sales Market Share (%) by Applications (2012-2017)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales Market Share (%) by Application (2012-2017)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales Market Share (%) by Application in 2016
Table China Hemp-based Foods Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2012-2017)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2012-2017)
Table Hempco Hemp-based Foods Basic Information List
Table Hempco Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Hempco Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Hempco Hemp-based Foods Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Hempco Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Manitoba Harvest Hemp-based Foods Basic Information List
Table Manitoba Harvest Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Manitoba Harvest Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Manitoba Harvest Hemp-based Foods Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Manitoba Harvest Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Mettrum Originals Hemp-based Foods Basic Information List
Table Mettrum Originals Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Mettrum Originals Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Mettrum Originals Hemp-based Foods Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Mettrum Originals Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Naturally Splendid Hemp-based Foods Basic Information List
Table Naturally Splendid Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Naturally Splendid Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Naturally Splendid Hemp-based Foods Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Naturally Splendid Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Braham and Murray Hemp-based Foods Basic Information List
Table Braham and Murray Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Braham and Murray Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Braham and Murray Hemp-based Foods Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Braham and Murray Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Canada Hemp Foods Hemp-based Foods Basic Information List
Table Canada Hemp Foods Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Canada Hemp Foods Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Canada Hemp Foods Hemp-based Foods Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Canada Hemp Foods Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Elixinol Hemp-based Foods Basic Information List
Table Elixinol Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Elixinol Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Elixinol Hemp-based Foods Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Elixinol Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Healthy Brands Collective Hemp-based Foods Basic Information List
Table Healthy Brands Collective Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Healthy Brands Collective Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Healthy Brands Collective Hemp-based Foods Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Healthy Brands Collective Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Hemp Foods Australia Hemp-based Foods Basic Information List
Table Hemp Foods Australia Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Hemp Foods Australia Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Hemp Foods Australia Hemp-based Foods Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Hemp Foods Australia Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Laguna Blends Hemp-based Foods Basic Information List
Table Laguna Blends Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Laguna Blends Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Laguna Blends Hemp-based Foods Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Laguna Blends Hemp-based Foods Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Nutiva Hemp-based Foods Basic Information List
Table The Cool Hemp Company Hemp-based Foods Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Hemp-based Foods
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Hemp-based Foods
Figure Hemp-based Foods Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Hemp-based Foods Major Players/Manufacturers in 2016
Table Major Buyers of Hemp-based Foods
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%) Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Price (USD/MT) Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
Table China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Type in 2022
Table China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application in 2022
Table China Hemp-based Foods Sales (K MT) Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Table China Hemp-based Foods Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure China Hemp-based Foods Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions in 2022
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources