Private 5G Networks: 2024 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts
Private LTE networks are a well-established market and have been around for more than a decade, albeit as a niche segment of the wider cellular infrastructure segment – iNET's (Infrastructure Networks) 700 MHz LTE network in the Permian Basin, Tampnet's offshore 4G infrastructure in the North Sea, Rio Tinto's private LTE network for its Western Australia mining operations and other initial installations date back to the early 2010s. However, in most national markets, private cellular networks or NPNs (Non-Public Networks) based on the 3GPP-defined 5G standard are just beginning to move beyond PoC (Proof-of-Concept) trials and small-scale deployments to production-grade implementations of standalone 5G networks, which are laying the foundation for Industry 4.0 and advanced application scenarios.
Compared to LTE technology, private 5G networks – also referred to as 5G MPNs (Mobile Private Networks), 5G campus networks, local 5G or e-Um 5G systems depending on geography – can address far more demanding performance requirements in terms of throughput, latency, reliability, availability and connection density. In particular, 5G's URLLC (Ultra-Reliable, Low-Latency Communications) and mMTC (Massive Machine-Type Communications) capabilities, along with a future-proof transition path to 6G networks in the 2030s, have positioned it as a viable alternative to physically wired connections for industrial-grade communications between machines, robots and control systems. Furthermore, despite its relatively higher cost of ownership, 5G's wider coverage radius per radio node, scalability, determinism, security features and mobility support have stirred strong interest in its potential as a replacement for interference-prone unlicensed wireless technologies in IIoT (Industrial IoT) environments, where the number of connected sensors and other endpoints is expected to increase significantly over the coming years.
It is worth noting that China is an outlier and the most mature national market thanks to state-funded directives aimed at accelerating the adoption of 5G connectivity in industrial settings such as factories, warehouses, mines, power plants, substations, oil and gas facilities and ports. To provide some context, the largest private 5G installations in China can comprise hundreds to even thousands of dedicated RAN (Radio Access Network) nodes supported by on-premise or edge cloud-based core network functions depending on specific latency, reliability and security requirements. For example, home appliance manufacturer Midea's Jingzhou industrial park hosts 2,500 indoor and outdoor 5G NR access points to connect workers, machines, robots and vehicles across an area of approximately 104 acres, steelmaker WISCO (Wuhan Iron & Steel Corporation) has installed a dual-layer private 5G network – spanning 85 multi-sector macrocells and 100 small cells – to remotely operate heavy machinery at its steel plant in Wuhan (Hubei), and Fujian-based manufacturer Wanhua Chemical has recently built a customized wireless network that will serve upwards of 8,000 5G RedCap (Reduced Capability) devices, primarily surveillance cameras and IoT sensors.
As end user organizations in the United States, Germany, France, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and other countries ramp up their digitization and automation initiatives, private 5G networks are progressively being implemented to support use cases as diverse as wirelessly connected machinery for the rapid reconfiguration of production lines, distributed PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) environments, AMRs (Autonomous Mobile Robots) and AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles) for intralogistics, AR (Augmented Reality)-assisted guidance and troubleshooting, machine vision-based quality control, wireless software flashing of manufactured vehicles, remote-controlled cranes, unmanned mining equipment, BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line-of-Sight) operation of drones, digital twin models of complex industrial systems, ATO (Automatic Train Operation), video analytics for railway crossing and station platform safety, remote visual inspections of aircraft engine parts, real-time collaboration for flight line maintenance operations, XR (Extended Reality)-based military training, virtual visits for parents to see their infants in NICUs (Neonatal Intensive Care Units), live broadcast production in locations not easily accessible by traditional solutions, operations-critical communications during major sporting events, and optimization of cattle fattening and breeding for Wagyu beef production.
Despite prolonged teething problems in the form of a lack of variety of non-smartphone devices, high 5G IoT module costs due to low shipment volumes, limited competence of end user organizations in cellular wireless systems and conservatism with regards to new technology, early adopters are affirming their faith in the long-term potential of private 5G by investing in networks built independently using new shared and local area licensed spectrum options, in collaboration with private network specialists or via traditional mobile operators. Some private 5G installations have progressed to a stage where practical and tangible benefits – particularly efficiency gains, cost savings and worker safety – are becoming increasingly evident. Notable examples include but are not limited to:
In addition, against the backdrop of geopolitical trade tensions and sanctions that have restricted established telecommunications equipment suppliers from operating in specific countries, private 5G networks have emerged as a means to test domestically produced 5G network infrastructure products in controlled environments prior to large-scale deployments or vendor swaps across national or regional public mobile networks. For instance, Russian industrial groups are trialing private 5G networks in pilot zones within their production sites, using indigenously built 5G equipment operating in Band n79 (4.8-4.9 GHz) spectrum.
To capitalize on the long-term potential of private 5G, a number of new alternative suppliers have also developed 5G infrastructure offerings tailored to the specific needs of industrial applications. For example, satellite communications company Globalstar has launched a 3GPP Release 16-compliant multipoint terrestrial RAN system that is optimized for dense private wireless deployments in Industry 4.0 automation environments while German engineering conglomerate Siemens has developed an in-house private 5G network solution for use at its own plants as well as those of industrial customers.
SNS Telecom & IT estimates that annual investments in private 5G networks for vertical industries will grow at a CAGR of approximately 42% between 2024 and 2027, eventually accounting for nearly $3.5 Billion by the end of 2027. Although much of this growth will be driven by highly localized 5G networks covering geographically limited areas for Industry 4.0 applications in manufacturing and process industries, sub-1 GHz wide area critical communications networks for public safety, utilities and railway communications are also anticipated to begin their transition from LTE, GSM-R and other legacy narrowband technologies to 5G towards the latter half of the forecast period, as 5G Advanced becomes a commercial reality. Among other features for mission-critical networks, 3GPP Release 18 – which defines the first set of 5G Advanced specifications – adds support for 5G NR equipment operating in dedicated spectrum with less than 5 MHz of bandwidth, paving the way for private 5G networks operating in sub-500 MHz, 700 MHz, 850 MHz and 900 MHz bands for public safety broadband, smart grid modernization and FRMCS (Future Railway Mobile Communication System).
The “Private 5G Networks: 2024 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts” report presents an in-depth assessment of the private 5G network market, including the value chain, market drivers, barriers to uptake, enabling technologies, operational and business models, vertical industries, application scenarios, key trends, future roadmap, standardization, spectrum availability and allocation, regulatory landscape, case studies, ecosystem player profiles and strategies. The report also presents global and regional market size forecasts from 2024 to 2030. The forecasts cover three infrastructure submarkets, 16 vertical industries and five regional markets.
The report comes with an associated Excel datasheet suite covering quantitative data from all numeric forecasts presented in the report, as well as a database of over 7,000 global private cellular engagements – including more than 2,200 private 5G installations – as of Q2’2024.
Compared to LTE technology, private 5G networks – also referred to as 5G MPNs (Mobile Private Networks), 5G campus networks, local 5G or e-Um 5G systems depending on geography – can address far more demanding performance requirements in terms of throughput, latency, reliability, availability and connection density. In particular, 5G's URLLC (Ultra-Reliable, Low-Latency Communications) and mMTC (Massive Machine-Type Communications) capabilities, along with a future-proof transition path to 6G networks in the 2030s, have positioned it as a viable alternative to physically wired connections for industrial-grade communications between machines, robots and control systems. Furthermore, despite its relatively higher cost of ownership, 5G's wider coverage radius per radio node, scalability, determinism, security features and mobility support have stirred strong interest in its potential as a replacement for interference-prone unlicensed wireless technologies in IIoT (Industrial IoT) environments, where the number of connected sensors and other endpoints is expected to increase significantly over the coming years.
It is worth noting that China is an outlier and the most mature national market thanks to state-funded directives aimed at accelerating the adoption of 5G connectivity in industrial settings such as factories, warehouses, mines, power plants, substations, oil and gas facilities and ports. To provide some context, the largest private 5G installations in China can comprise hundreds to even thousands of dedicated RAN (Radio Access Network) nodes supported by on-premise or edge cloud-based core network functions depending on specific latency, reliability and security requirements. For example, home appliance manufacturer Midea's Jingzhou industrial park hosts 2,500 indoor and outdoor 5G NR access points to connect workers, machines, robots and vehicles across an area of approximately 104 acres, steelmaker WISCO (Wuhan Iron & Steel Corporation) has installed a dual-layer private 5G network – spanning 85 multi-sector macrocells and 100 small cells – to remotely operate heavy machinery at its steel plant in Wuhan (Hubei), and Fujian-based manufacturer Wanhua Chemical has recently built a customized wireless network that will serve upwards of 8,000 5G RedCap (Reduced Capability) devices, primarily surveillance cameras and IoT sensors.
As end user organizations in the United States, Germany, France, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and other countries ramp up their digitization and automation initiatives, private 5G networks are progressively being implemented to support use cases as diverse as wirelessly connected machinery for the rapid reconfiguration of production lines, distributed PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) environments, AMRs (Autonomous Mobile Robots) and AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles) for intralogistics, AR (Augmented Reality)-assisted guidance and troubleshooting, machine vision-based quality control, wireless software flashing of manufactured vehicles, remote-controlled cranes, unmanned mining equipment, BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line-of-Sight) operation of drones, digital twin models of complex industrial systems, ATO (Automatic Train Operation), video analytics for railway crossing and station platform safety, remote visual inspections of aircraft engine parts, real-time collaboration for flight line maintenance operations, XR (Extended Reality)-based military training, virtual visits for parents to see their infants in NICUs (Neonatal Intensive Care Units), live broadcast production in locations not easily accessible by traditional solutions, operations-critical communications during major sporting events, and optimization of cattle fattening and breeding for Wagyu beef production.
Despite prolonged teething problems in the form of a lack of variety of non-smartphone devices, high 5G IoT module costs due to low shipment volumes, limited competence of end user organizations in cellular wireless systems and conservatism with regards to new technology, early adopters are affirming their faith in the long-term potential of private 5G by investing in networks built independently using new shared and local area licensed spectrum options, in collaboration with private network specialists or via traditional mobile operators. Some private 5G installations have progressed to a stage where practical and tangible benefits – particularly efficiency gains, cost savings and worker safety – are becoming increasingly evident. Notable examples include but are not limited to:
- Tesla's private 5G implementation on the shop floor of its Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg plant in Brandenburg, Germany, has helped in overcoming up to 90 percent of the overcycle issues for a particular process in the factory's GA (General Assembly) shop. The electric automaker is integrating private 5G network infrastructure to address high-impact use cases in production, intralogistics and quality operations across its global manufacturing facilities.
- John Deere is steadily progressing with its goal of reducing dependency on wired Ethernet connections from 70% to 10% over the next five years by deploying private 5G networks at its industrial facilities in the United States, South America and Europe. In a similar effort, automotive aluminum die-castings supplier IKD has replaced 6 miles of cables connecting 600 pieces of machinery with a private 5G network, thereby reducing cable maintenance costs to near zero and increasing the product yield rate by ten percent.
- Lufthansa Technik’s 5G campus network at its Hamburg facility has removed the need for its civil aviation customers to physically attend servicing by providing reliable, high-resolution video access for virtual parts inspections and borescope examinations at both of its engine overhaul workshops. Previous attempts to implement virtual inspections using unlicensed Wi-Fi technology proved ineffective due to the presence of large metal structures.
- The EWG (East-West Gate) Intermodal Terminal's private 5G network has increased productivity from 23-25 containers per hour to 32-35 per hour and reduced the facility's personnel-related operating expenses by 40 percent while eliminating the possibility of crane operator injury due to remote-controlled operation with a latency of less than 20 milliseconds.
- The Liverpool 5G Create network in the inner city area of Kensington has demonstrated significant cost savings potential for digital health, education and social care services, including an astonishing $10,000 drop in yearly expenditure per care home resident through a 5G-connected fall prevention system and a $2,600 reduction in WAN (Wide Area Network) connectivity charges per GP (General Practitioner) surgery – which represents $220,000 in annual savings for the United Kingdom's NHS (National Health Service) when applied to 86 surgeries in Liverpool.
- NEC Corporation has improved production efficiency by 30 percent through the introduction of a local 5G-enabled autonomous transport system for intralogistics at its new factory in Kakegawa (Shizuoka Prefecture), Japan. The manufacturing facility's on-premise 5G network has also resulted in an elevated degree of freedom in terms of the factory floor layout, thereby allowing NEC to flexibly respond to changing customer needs, market demand fluctuations and production adjustments.
- A local 5G installation at Ushino Nakayama's Osumi farm in Kanoya (Kagoshima Prefecture), Japan, has enabled the Wagyu beef producer to achieve labor cost savings of more than 10 percent through reductions in accident rates, feed loss, and administrative costs. The 5G network provides wireless connectivity for AI (Artificial Intelligence)-based image analytics and autonomous patrol robots.
- CJ Logistics has achieved a 20 percent productivity increase at its Ichiri center in Icheon (Gyeonggi), South Korea, following the adoption of a private 5G network to replace the 40,000 square meter warehouse facility's 300 Wi-Fi access points for Industry 4.0 applications, which experienced repeated outages and coverage issues.
- Delta Electronics – which has installed private 5G networks for industrial wireless communications at its plants in Taiwan and Thailand – estimates that productivity per direct labor and output per square meter have increased by 69% and 75% respectively following the implementation of 5G-connected smart production lines.
- An Open RAN-compliant standalone private 5G network in Taiwan's Pingtung County has facilitated a 30 percent reduction in pest-related agricultural losses and a 15 percent boost in the overall revenue of local farms through the use of 5G-equipped UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), mobile robots, smart glasses and AI-enabled image recognition.
- JD Logistics – the supply chain and logistics arm of online retailer JD.com – has achieved near-zero packet loss and reduced the likelihood of connection timeouts by an impressive 70 percent since migrating AGV communications from unlicensed Wi-Fi systems to private 5G networks at its logistics parks in Beijing and Changsha (Hunan), China.
- Baosteel – a business unit of the world's largest steelmaker China Baowu Steel Group – credits its 43-site private 5G deployment at two neighboring factories with reducing manual quality inspections by 50 percent and achieving a steel defect detection rate of more than 90 percent, which equates to $7 Million in annual cost savings by reducing lost production capacity from 9,000 tons to 700 tons.
- Dongyi Group Coal Gasification Company ascribes a 50 percent reduction in manpower requirements and a 10 percent increase in production efficiency – which translates to more than $1 Million in annual cost savings – at its Xinyan coal mine in Lvliang (Shanxi), China, to private 5G-enabled digitization and automation of underground mining operations.
- Sinopec's (China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation) explosion-proof 5G network at its Guangzhou oil refinery in Guangdong, China, has reduced accidents and harmful gas emissions by 20% and 30% respectively, resulting in an annual economic benefit of more than $4 Million. The solution is being replicated across more than 30 refineries of the energy giant.
- Since adopting a hybrid public-private 5G network to enhance the safety and efficiency of urban rail transit operations, the Guangzhou Metro rapid transit system has reduced its maintenance costs by approximately 20 percent using 5G-enabled digital perception applications for the real-time identification of water logging and other hazards along railway tracks.
In addition, against the backdrop of geopolitical trade tensions and sanctions that have restricted established telecommunications equipment suppliers from operating in specific countries, private 5G networks have emerged as a means to test domestically produced 5G network infrastructure products in controlled environments prior to large-scale deployments or vendor swaps across national or regional public mobile networks. For instance, Russian industrial groups are trialing private 5G networks in pilot zones within their production sites, using indigenously built 5G equipment operating in Band n79 (4.8-4.9 GHz) spectrum.
To capitalize on the long-term potential of private 5G, a number of new alternative suppliers have also developed 5G infrastructure offerings tailored to the specific needs of industrial applications. For example, satellite communications company Globalstar has launched a 3GPP Release 16-compliant multipoint terrestrial RAN system that is optimized for dense private wireless deployments in Industry 4.0 automation environments while German engineering conglomerate Siemens has developed an in-house private 5G network solution for use at its own plants as well as those of industrial customers.
SNS Telecom & IT estimates that annual investments in private 5G networks for vertical industries will grow at a CAGR of approximately 42% between 2024 and 2027, eventually accounting for nearly $3.5 Billion by the end of 2027. Although much of this growth will be driven by highly localized 5G networks covering geographically limited areas for Industry 4.0 applications in manufacturing and process industries, sub-1 GHz wide area critical communications networks for public safety, utilities and railway communications are also anticipated to begin their transition from LTE, GSM-R and other legacy narrowband technologies to 5G towards the latter half of the forecast period, as 5G Advanced becomes a commercial reality. Among other features for mission-critical networks, 3GPP Release 18 – which defines the first set of 5G Advanced specifications – adds support for 5G NR equipment operating in dedicated spectrum with less than 5 MHz of bandwidth, paving the way for private 5G networks operating in sub-500 MHz, 700 MHz, 850 MHz and 900 MHz bands for public safety broadband, smart grid modernization and FRMCS (Future Railway Mobile Communication System).
The “Private 5G Networks: 2024 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts” report presents an in-depth assessment of the private 5G network market, including the value chain, market drivers, barriers to uptake, enabling technologies, operational and business models, vertical industries, application scenarios, key trends, future roadmap, standardization, spectrum availability and allocation, regulatory landscape, case studies, ecosystem player profiles and strategies. The report also presents global and regional market size forecasts from 2024 to 2030. The forecasts cover three infrastructure submarkets, 16 vertical industries and five regional markets.
The report comes with an associated Excel datasheet suite covering quantitative data from all numeric forecasts presented in the report, as well as a database of over 7,000 global private cellular engagements – including more than 2,200 private 5G installations – as of Q2’2024.
1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Executive Summary
1.2 Topics Covered
1.3 Forecast Segmentation
1.4 Key Questions Answered
1.5 Key Findings
1.6 Summary of Private 5G Engagements
1.7 Methodology
1.8 Target Audience
2 CHAPTER 2: AN OVERVIEW OF PRIVATE 5G NETWORKS
2.1 An Introduction to the 3GPP-Defined 5G Standard
2.1.1 What is 5G?
2.1.2 5G Service Profiles
2.1.2.1 eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband)
2.1.2.2 URLLC (Ultra-Reliable, Low-Latency Communications)
2.1.2.3 mMTC/mIoT (Massive Machine-Type Communications/Internet of Things)
2.1.3 5G Advanced & the Evolution to 6G
2.1.4 The Significance of Vertical Industries in the 5G Era
2.2 Why Utilize 5G for Private Wireless Networks?
2.2.1 Performance, Mobility, Reliability & Security Characteristics
2.2.2 Ability to Address Both Wide Area & Localized Coverage Needs
2.2.3 Variety of Frequency Bands, Bandwidth Flexibility & Spectral Efficiency
2.2.4 Interworking With Public Mobile Networks & Non-3GPP Technologies
2.2.5 3GPP Support for Industrial-Grade & Mission-Critical Applications
2.2.6 Future-Proof Transition Path Towards 6G Networks
2.2.7 Thriving Ecosystem of Chipsets, Devices & Network Equipment
2.2.8 Economic Viability of Deployment & Operational Costs
2.3 Key Themes Influencing the Adoption of Private 5G Networks
2.3.1 Industry 4.0-Driven Wireless Connectivity Requirements
2.3.2 Critical Communications Broadband Evolution
2.3.3 Localized Cellular Coverage for Enterprise Transformation Initiatives
2.3.4 Neutral Hosting, Smart Cities, Community Broadband & Other Themes
2.4 Practical Aspects of Private 5G Networks
2.4.1 5G Technology Deployment Modes
2.4.1.1 NSA (Non-Standalone) 5G
2.4.1.2 SA (Standalone) 5G
2.4.2 Spectrum Options
2.4.2.1 National Spectrum for Specific Applications
2.4.2.1.1 Defense & PPDR (Public Protection & Disaster Relief)
2.4.2.1.2 Utilities & Critical Infrastructure Industries
2.4.2.1.3 Aviation, Maritime & Railway Communications
2.4.2.1.4 Other Segments
2.4.2.2 Local Area Licensed Spectrum
2.4.2.2.1 Local Area Licenses for Enterprises & Vertical Users
2.4.2.2.2 Local Leasing of Public Mobile Operator Frequencies
2.4.2.2.3 ASA (Authorized Shared Access) & Light Licensing
2.4.2.3 Unlicensed Spectrum
2.4.2.3.1 Designated License-Exempt Bands
2.4.2.3.2 Opportunistic Unlicensed Access
2.4.3 Network Size & Geographic Reach
2.4.3.1 Wide Area Private Cellular Networks
2.4.3.2 Medium-Scale Local Area Networks
2.4.3.3 On-Premise Campus Networks
2.4.4 Operational Scenarios
2.4.4.1 Isolated NPNs (Non-Public Networks)
2.4.4.2 Public Mobile Operator-Integrated NPNs
2.4.4.2.1 Dedicated Mobile Operator RAN Coverage
2.4.4.2.2 Shared RAN With On-Premise Core
2.4.4.2.3 Shared RAN & Control Plane
2.4.4.2.4 NPNs Hosted By Public Networks
2.4.4.3 Virtual Sliced Private Networks
2.4.4.4 Hybrid Public-Private Networks
2.4.4.5 Shared Core Private Networks
2.4.4.6 Secure MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) Arrangements
2.4.4.7 Other Approaches
2.4.5 Business Models
2.4.5.1 Fully Independent Private Networks
2.4.5.2 Service Provider-Managed Private Networks
2.4.5.3 Hybrid Ownership, Management & Control
2.4.5.4 Private NaaS (Network-as-a-Service)
2.4.5.5 Other Business Models
2.5 The Value Chain of Private 5G Networks
2.5.1 Semiconductor & Enabling Technology Specialists
2.5.2 Terminal OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers)
2.5.3 RAN, Core & Transport Infrastructure Suppliers
2.5.4 Service Providers
2.5.4.1 Critical Communications, Industrial, OT & IT System Integrators
2.5.4.2 Pure-Play Private 5G Network Operators
2.5.4.3 National Mobile Operators
2.5.4.4 MVNOs
2.5.4.5 Neutral Hosts
2.5.4.6 Towercos (Tower Companies)
2.5.4.7 Cloud & Edge Platform Providers
2.5.4.8 Fixed-Line Service Providers
2.5.4.9 Fiber Network Operators
2.5.4.10 Satellite Communications Service Providers
2.5.5 End User Organizations
2.5.6 Other Ecosystem Players
2.6 Market Drivers
2.6.1 Growing Demand for High-Bandwidth & Low-Latency Wireless Applications
2.6.2 Endorsement From the Industry 4.0 & Critical Communications Sectors
2.6.3 Limited Public Cellular Coverage in Indoor, Industrial & Remote Environments
2.6.4 Availability of Suitable Spectrum Options for Private Use
2.6.5 Guaranteed Connectivity & QoS (Quality-of-Service) Control
2.6.6 Greater Levels of Network Security & Data Privacy
2.6.7 Operators' & Vendors' Desire for New Revenue Sources
2.6.8 Government-Funded 5G Innovation Initiatives
2.7 Market Barriers
2.7.1 Cost & ROI (Return-On-Investment) Justification
2.7.2 Technical Complexities of Network Deployment & Operation
2.7.3 Integration With Existing Infrastructure & Applications
2.7.4 Limited Scale Effects Due to Lack of Spectrum Harmonization
2.7.5 Competition From Non-3GPP Technologies & Solutions
2.7.6 5G Terminal Equipment-Related Challenges
2.7.7 Skills Gap & Shortage of Proficient Engineers
2.7.8 Conservatism & Slow Pace of Change
3 CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE & TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRIVATE 5G NETWORKS
3.1 Architectural Components of Private 5G Networks
3.2 UE (User Equipment)
3.2.1 Smartphones & Handportable Devices
3.2.2 Industrial-Grade Routers & Gateways
3.2.3 Mobile Hotspots & Vehicular Terminals
3.2.4 Fixed Wireless CPEs (Customer Premises Equipment)
3.2.5 Tablets & Notebook PCs
3.2.6 Smart Wearables
3.2.7 Cellular IoT Modules
3.2.8 Add-On Dongles
3.3 RAN (Radio Access Network)
3.3.1 NG-RAN 5G NR Access Network
3.3.1.1 gNBs 5G NR Base Stations
3.3.1.2 en-gNBs Secondary Node 5G NR Base Stations
3.3.1.3 ng-eNBs Next-Generation LTE Base Stations
3.3.2 Architectural Components of gNB Base Stations
3.3.2.1 RUs (Radio Units)
3.3.2.2 Integrated Radio & Baseband Units
3.3.2.3 DUs (Distributed Baseband Units)
3.3.2.4 CUs (Centralized Baseband Units)
3.4 Mobile Core
3.4.1 5GC (5G Core): Core Network for Standalone 5G Implementations
3.4.1.1 Access, Mobility & Session Management
3.4.1.1.1 AMF (Access & Mobility Management Function)
3.4.1.1.2 SMF (Session Management Function)
3.4.1.1.3 UPF (User Plane Function)
3.4.1.2 Subscription & Data Management
3.4.1.2.1 AUSF (Authentication Server Function)
3.4.1.2.2 AAnF (AKMA Anchor Function)
3.4.1.2.3 UDM (Unified Data Management)
3.4.1.2.4 UDR (Unified Data Repository)
3.4.1.2.5 UDSF (Unstructured Data Storage Function)
3.4.1.2.6 UCMF (UE Radio Capability Management Function)
3.4.1.2.7 5G-EIR (5G Equipment Identity Register)
3.4.1.3 Policy & Charging
3.4.1.3.1 PCF (Policy Control Function)
3.4.1.3.2 CHF (Charging Function)
3.4.1.4 Signaling & Routing
3.4.1.4.1 SCP (Service Communication Proxy)
3.4.1.4.2 SEPP (Security Edge Protection Proxy)
3.4.1.4.3 BSF (Binding Support Function)
3.4.1.5 Network Resource Management
3.4.1.5.1 NEF (Network Exposure Function)
3.4.1.5.2 NRF (Network Repository Function)
3.4.1.5.3 NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function)
3.4.1.5.4 NSSAAF (Network Slice-Specific & SNPN Authentication-Authorization Function)
3.4.1.5.5 NSACF (Network Slice Admission Control Function)
3.4.1.6 Data Analytics & Automation
3.4.1.6.1 NWDAF (Network Data Analytics Function)
3.4.1.6.2 AnLF (Analytics Logical Function)
3.4.1.6.3 MTLF (Model Training Logical Function)
3.4.1.6.4 DCCF (Data Collection Coordination Function)
3.4.1.6.5 ADRF (Analytics Data Repository Function)
3.4.1.6.6 MFAF (Messaging Framework Adaptor Function)
3.4.1.7 Location Services
3.4.1.7.1 LMF (Location Management Function)
3.4.1.7.2 GMLC (Gateway Mobile Location Center)
3.4.1.8 Application Enablement
3.4.1.8.1 AFs (Application Functions)
3.4.1.8.2 SMSF (Short Message Service Function)
3.4.1.8.3 CBCF (Cell Broadcast Center Function)
3.4.1.8.4 5G DDNMF (5G Direct Discovery Name Management Function)
3.4.1.8.5 TSCTSF (Time-Sensitive Communication & Time Synchronization Function)
3.4.1.8.6 TSN AF (Time-Sensitive Networking Application Function)
3.4.1.8.7 EASDF (Edge Application Server Discovery Function)
3.4.1.9 Multicast-Broadcast Support
3.4.1.9.1 MB-SMF (Multicast-Broadcast SMF)
3.4.1.9.2 MB-UPF (Multicast-Broadcast UPF)
3.4.1.9.3 MBSF (Multicast-Broadcast Service Function)
3.4.1.9.4 MBSTF (Multicast-Broadcast Service Transport Function)
3.5 Transport Network
3.5.1 Fronthaul: RU-to-DU Transport
3.5.2 Midhaul: DU-to-CU Transport
3.5.3 Backhaul: RAN-to-Core Transport
3.5.4 Physical Transmission Mediums
3.5.4.1 Fiber & Wireline Transport Technologies
3.5.4.1.1 Owned, Lit & Dark Fiber
3.5.4.1.2 Ethernet & IP-Based Transport
3.5.4.1.3 WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing)
3.5.4.1.4 PON (Passive Optical Network)
3.5.4.1.5 OTN (Optical Transport Network)
3.5.4.1.6 DOCSIS, G.fast & Other Technologies
3.5.4.2 Microwave & mmWave (Millimeter Wave) Wireless Links
3.5.4.2.1 Traditional Bands (6 42 GHz)
3.5.4.2.2 V-Band (60 GHz)
3.5.4.2.3 E-Band (70/80 GHz)
3.5.4.2.4 W-Band (92 114.25 GHz)
3.5.4.2.5 D-Band (130 174.8 GHz)
3.5.4.3 Satellite Communications
3.5.4.3.1 GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit)
3.5.4.3.2 MEO (Medium Earth Orbit)
3.5.4.3.3 LEO (Low Earth Orbit)
3.6 Services & Interconnectivity
3.6.1 End User Application Services
3.6.1.1 Generic Broadband, Messaging & IoT Services
3.6.1.2 IMS Core: VoNR (Voice Over NR) & MMTel (Multimedia Telephony)
3.6.1.3 5G MBS/5MBS (5G Multicast-Broadcast Services)
3.6.1.4 Group Communications & MCS (Mission-Critical Services)
3.6.1.5 IIoT (Industrial IoT), Cyber-Physical Control & Domain-Specific Connected Services
3.6.1.6 ProSe (Proximity-Based Services) for Direct D2D (Device-to-Device) Discovery & Communications
3.6.1.7 Vehicular, Aviation, Maritime & Railway-Related Applications
3.6.1.8 3GPP Service Frameworks for Vertical Industries
3.6.1.8.1 CAPIF (Common API Framework)
3.6.1.8.2 SEAL (Service Enabler Architecture Layer for Verticals)
3.6.1.8.3 EDGEAPP (Architecture for Enabling Edge Applications)
3.6.1.9 VAL (Vertical Application Layer) Enablers
3.6.1.9.1 V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)
3.6.1.9.2 UAS (Uncrewed Aerial Systems)
3.6.1.9.3 5GMARCH/MSGin5G (Messaging in 5G)
3.6.1.9.4 FF (Factories of the Future)
3.6.1.9.5 PINAPP (Personal IoT Networks), XR (Extended Reality) & Others
3.6.2 Interconnectivity With 3GPP & Non-3GPP Networks
3.6.2.1 3GPP Roaming & Service Continuity
3.6.2.1.1 National & International Roaming
3.6.2.1.2 Service Continuity Outside Network Footprint
3.6.2.2 Non-3GPP Network Integration
3.6.2.2.1 N3IWF (Non-3GPP Interworking Function)
3.6.2.2.2 TNGF (Trusted Non-3GPP Gateway Function)
3.6.2.2.3 TWIF (Trusted WLAN Interworking Function)
3.6.2.2.4 NSWOF (Non-Seamless WLAN Offload Function)
3.6.2.2.5 W-AGF (Wireline Access Gateway Function)
3.6.2.2.6 IWF (Interworking Function) for LMR (Land Mobile Radio)
3.6.2.2.7 ATSSS (Access Traffic Steering, Switching & Splitting)
3.7 Key Enabling Technologies & Concepts
3.7.1 3GPP Support for NPNs (Non-Public Networks)
3.7.1.1 Types of NPNs
3.7.1.1.1 SNPNs (Standalone NPNs)
3.7.1.1.2 PNI-NPNs (Public Network-Integrated NPNs)
3.7.1.2 SNPN Identification & Selection
3.7.1.3 PNI-NPN Resource Allocation & Isolation
3.7.1.4 CAG (Closed Access Group) for Cell Access Control
3.7.1.5 Mobility, Roaming & Service Continuity
3.7.1.6 Interworking Between SNPNs & Public Networks
3.7.1.7 UE Configuration & Subscription-Related Aspects
3.7.1.8 Other 3GPP-Defined Capabilities for NPNs
3.7.2 Mobile Broadband Evolution
3.7.2.1 Massive MIMO, Beamforming & Advanced Antenna Systems
3.7.2.2 Air Interface Design & Optimizations
3.7.2.3 CA (Carrier Aggregation) & Multi-Carrier Operations
3.7.2.4 Expansion Into Higher Frequency Spectrum Bands
3.7.3 Industry 4.0 & Cellular IoT
3.7.3.1 URLLC Techniques: High-Reliability & Low-Latency Enablers
3.7.3.2 5G LAN (Local Area Network)-Type Service
3.7.3.3 Integration With IEEE 802.1 TSN (Time-Sensitive Networking) Systems
3.7.3.4 Native 3GPP Framework for TSC (Time-Sensitive Communications)
3.7.3.5 Support for IETF DetNet (Deterministic Networking)
3.7.3.6 5G NR Light: RedCap (Reduced Capability) UE Type
3.7.3.7 eMTC, NB-IoT & mMTC: Wide Area & High-Density IoT Applications
3.7.4 Critical Communications
3.7.4.1 MCX (Mission-Critical PTT, Video & Data)
3.7.4.2 QPP (QoS, Priority & Preemption)
3.7.4.3 IOPS (Isolated Operation for Public Safety)
3.7.4.4 Cell Site & Infrastructure Hardening
3.7.4.5 HPUE (High-Power User Equipment)
3.7.4.6 Other UE-Related Functional Enhancements
3.7.5 High-Precision Positioning
3.7.5.1 Assisted-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)
3.7.5.2 RAN-Based Positioning Techniques
3.7.5.3 RAN-Independent Methods
3.7.6 Edge Computing
3.7.6.1 Optimizing Latency, Service Performance & Backhaul Costs
3.7.6.2 3GPP-Defined Features for Edge Computing Support
3.7.6.3 Public vs. Private Edge Computing
3.7.7 Network Slicing
3.7.7.1 Logical Partitioning of Network Resources
3.7.7.2 3GPP Functions, Identifiers & Procedures for Slicing
3.7.7.3 RAN Slicing
3.7.7.4 Mobile Core Slicing
3.7.7.5 Transport Network Slicing
3.7.7.6 UE-Based Network Slicing Features
3.7.7.7 Management & Orchestration Aspects
3.7.8 Network Sharing
3.7.8.1 Service-Specific PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) IDs
3.7.8.2 DNN (Data Network Name)-Based Isolation
3.7.8.3 GWCN (Gateway Core Network): Core Network Sharing
3.7.8.4 MOCN (Multi-Operator Core Network): RAN & Spectrum Sharing
3.7.8.5 MORAN (Multi-Operator RAN): RAN Sharing Without Spectrum Pooling
3.7.8.6 DECOR (Dedicated Core) & eDECOR (Enhanced DECOR)
3.7.8.7 Roaming in Non-Overlapping Service Areas
3.7.8.8 Passive Sharing of Infrastructure Resources
3.7.9 E2E (End-to-End) Security
3.7.9.1 UE Authentication Framework
3.7.9.2 Subscriber Privacy
3.7.9.3 Air Interface Confidentiality & Integrity
3.7.9.4 Resilience Against Radio Jamming
3.7.9.5 RAN, Core & Transport Network Security
3.7.9.6 Security Aspects of Network Slicing
3.7.9.7 Application Domain Protection
3.7.9.8 Other Security Considerations
3.7.10 Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum
3.7.10.1 DSS (Dynamic Spectrum Sharing): LTE & 5G NR Coexistence
3.7.10.2 CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service): Three-Tiered Sharing
3.7.10.3 LSA (Licensed Shared Access) & eLSA (Evolved LSA): Two-Tiered Sharing
3.7.10.4 AFC (Automated Frequency Coordination): License-Exempt Sharing
3.7.10.5 Local Area Licensing of Shared Spectrum
3.7.10.6 5G NR-U (NR in Unlicensed Spectrum)
3.7.11 Rapidly Deployable 5G Network Systems
3.7.11.1 NIB (Network-in-a-Box) Systems
3.7.11.2 Vehicular COWs (Cells-on-Wheels)
3.7.11.3 Aerial Cell Sites
3.7.11.4 Maritime Cellular Platforms
3.7.12 Direct Communications & Coverage Expansion
3.7.12.1 Sidelink for Direct Mode D2D Communications
3.7.12.2 UE-to-Network & UE-to-UE Relays
3.7.12.3 Indoor & Outdoor Small Cells
3.7.12.4 DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems)
3.7.12.5 IAB (Integrated Access & Backhaul)
3.7.12.6 Mobile IAB: VMRs (Vehicle-Mounted Relays)
3.7.12.7 NCRs (Network-Controlled Repeaters)
3.7.12.8 NTNs (Non-Terrestrial Networks)
3.7.12.9 ATG/A2G (Air-to-Ground) Connectivity
3.7.13 Cloud-Native, Software-Driven & Open Networking
3.7.13.1 Cloud-Native Technologies
3.7.13.2 Microservices & SBA (Service-Based Architecture)
3.7.13.3 Containerization of Network Functions
3.7.13.4 NFV (Network Functions Virtualization)
3.7.13.5 SDN (Software-Defined Networking)
3.7.13.6 Cloud Compute, Storage & Networking Infrastructure
3.7.13.7 APIs (Application Programming Interfaces)
3.7.13.8 Open RAN & Core Architectures
3.7.14 Network Intelligence & Automation
3.7.14.1 AI (Artificial Intelligence)
3.7.14.2 Machine & Deep Learning
3.7.14.3 Big Data & Advanced Analytics
3.7.14.4 SON (Self-Organizing Networks)
3.7.14.5 Intelligent Control, Management & Orchestration
3.7.14.6 Support for Network Intelligence & Automation in 3GPP Standards
4 CHAPTER 4: KEY VERTICAL INDUSTRIES & APPLICATIONS
4.1 Cross-Sector & Enterprise Application Capabilities
4.1.1 Mobile Broadband
4.1.2 FWA (Fixed Wireless Access)
4.1.3 Voice & Messaging Services
4.1.4 High-Definition Video Transmission
4.1.5 Telepresence & Video Conferencing
4.1.6 Multimedia Broadcasting & Multicasting
4.1.7 IoT (Internet of Things) Networking
4.1.8 Wireless Connectivity for Wearables
4.1.9 Untethered AR/VR/MR (Augmented, Virtual & Mixed Reality)
4.1.10 Real-Time Holographic Projections
4.1.11 Tactile Internet & Haptic Feedback
4.1.12 Precise Positioning & Tracking
4.1.13 Industrial Automation
4.1.14 Remote Control of Machines
4.1.15 Connected Mobile Robotics
4.1.16 Unmanned & Autonomous Vehicles
4.1.17 BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line-of-Sight) Operation of Drones
4.1.18 Data-Driven Analytics & Insights
4.1.19 Sensor-Equipped Digital Twins
4.1.20 Predictive Maintenance of Assets
4.2 Vertical Industries & Specific Application Scenarios
4.2.1 Agriculture
4.2.1.1 Intelligent Monitoring of Crop, Soil & Weather Conditions
4.2.1.2 IoT & Advanced Analytics-Driven Yield Optimization
4.2.1.3 Sensor-Based Smart Irrigation Control Systems
4.2.1.4 Real-Time Tracking & Geofencing in Farms
4.2.1.5 Livestock & Aquaculture Health Management
4.2.1.6 Video-Based Remote Veterinary Inspections
4.2.1.7 Unmanned Autonomous Tractors & Farm Vehicles
4.2.1.8 Robots for Planting, Weeding & Harvesting
4.2.1.9 5G-Equipped Agricultural Drones
4.2.1.10 Connected Greenhouses & Vertical Farms
4.2.2 Aviation
4.2.2.1 Inflight Connectivity for Passengers & Cabin Crew
4.2.2.2 Connected Airports for Enhanced Traveler & Visitor Experience
4.2.2.3 Coordination of Ground Support Equipment, Vehicles & Personnel
4.2.2.4 ATM (Air Traffic Management) for Drones & Urban Air Mobility Vehicles
4.2.2.5 Wireless Upload of EFB (Electronic Flight Bag) & IFE (In-Flight Entertainment) Updates
4.2.2.6 Aircraft Data Offload for Operational & Maintenance Purposes
4.2.2.7 Video Surveillance of Airport Surface & Terminal Areas
4.2.2.8 5G-Enabled Remote Inspection & Repair of Aircraft
4.2.2.9 Navigation, Weather & Other IoT Sensors
4.2.2.10 Smart Baggage Handling
4.2.2.11 Asset Awareness & Tracking
4.2.2.12 Passenger Flow & Resource Management
4.2.2.13 Automation of Check-In & Boarding Procedures
4.2.2.14 Intelligent Airport Service Robots
4.2.3 Broadcasting
4.2.3.1 3GPP-Based PMSE (Program Making & Special Events)
4.2.3.2 Live AV (Audio-Visual) Media Production Using NPNs
4.2.3.3 Private 5G-Enabled Production in Remote Locations
4.2.3.4 Network Slicing for Contribution Feeds
4.2.3.5 Wire-Free Cameras & Microphones
4.2.3.6 Multicast & Broadcast Content Distribution
4.2.4 Construction
4.2.4.1 Wireless Connectivity for Construction Sites & Field Offices
4.2.4.2 Instantaneous Access to Business-Critical Applications
4.2.4.3 5G-Based Remote Control of Heavy Machinery
4.2.4.4 Autonomous Mobile Robots for Construction
4.2.4.5 IoT Sensor-Driven Maintenance of Equipment
4.2.4.6 Video Surveillance & Analytics for Site Security
4.2.4.7 Real-Time Visibility of Personnel, Assets & Materials
4.2.4.8 Aerial Surveying & Monitoring of Construction Sites
4.2.5 Education
4.2.5.1 Remote & Distance Learning Services
4.2.5.2 Mobile Access to Academic Resources
4.2.5.3 5G-Connected Smart Classrooms
4.2.5.4 Automation of Administrative Tasks
4.2.5.5 Personalized & Engaging Learning
4.2.5.6 AR/VR-Based Immersive Lessons
4.2.5.7 5G-Enabled Virtual Field Trips
4.2.5.8 Educational Telepresence Robots
4.2.6 Forestry
4.2.6.1 Wireless Connectivity for Forestry Operations & Recreation
4.2.6.2 5G-Facilitated Teleoperation of Forestry Equipment
4.2.6.3 Autonomous Harvesting & Milling Machinery
4.2.6.4 Real-Time Tracking of Equipment, Vehicles & Personnel
4.2.6.5 Cellular IoT Sensors for Biological & Environmental Monitoring
4.2.6.6 Wireless Cameras for Wildlife Observation, Conservation & Security
4.2.6.7 Early Wildfire Detection & Containment Systems
4.2.6.8 Drones for Search & Rescue Operations
4.2.7 Healthcare
4.2.7.1 5G-Connected Smart Hospitals & Healthcare Facilities
4.2.7.2 Wireless Transmission of Medical Imagery & Rich Datasets
4.2.7.3 Real-Time Monitoring of Patients in Acute & Intensive Care
4.2.7.4 Telehealth Video Consultations for Visual Assessment
4.2.7.5 Connectivity for AI-Based Healthcare Applications
4.2.7.6 AR Systems for Complex Medical Procedures
4.2.7.7 Remote-Controlled Surgery & Examination
4.2.7.8 Assisted Living & Rehabilitation Robotics
4.2.7.9 Immersive VR-Based Medical & Surgical Training
4.2.7.10 Connected Ambulances for EMS (Emergency Medical Services)
4.2.8 Manufacturing
4.2.8.1 Untethered Connectivity for Production & Process Automation
4.2.8.2 Wireless Motion Control & C2C (Control-to-Control) Communications
4.2.8.3 Cellular-Equipped Mobile Control Panels
4.2.8.4 Mobile Robots & AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles)
4.2.8.5 Autonomous Forklifts & Warehouse Robotics
4.2.8.6 AR-Facilitated Factory Floor Operations
4.2.8.7 Machine Vision-Based Quality Inspection
4.2.8.8 Closed-Loop Process Control
4.2.8.9 Process & Environmental Monitoring
4.2.8.10 Precise Indoor Positioning for Asset Management
4.2.8.11 Remote Access & Maintenance of Equipment
4.2.9 Military
4.2.9.1 5G-Based Tactical Battlefield Communications
4.2.9.2 Smart Military Bases & Command Posts
4.2.9.3 ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance)
4.2.9.4 Command & Control of Weapon Systems
4.2.9.5 Remote Operation of Robotics & Unmanned Assets
4.2.9.6 AR HUD (Heads-Up Display) Systems
4.2.9.7 Wireless VR/MR-Based Military Training
4.2.9.8 Perimeter Security & Force Protection
4.2.10 Mining
4.2.10.1 Safety-Critical Communications in Remote Mining Environments
4.2.10.2 Wireless Control of Drilling, Excavation & Related Equipment
4.2.10.3 Automated Loading, Haulage & Train Operations
4.2.10.4 Video-Based Monitoring of Personnel & Assets
4.2.10.5 Underground Positioning & Geofencing
4.2.10.6 Smart Ventilation & Water Management
4.2.10.7 Real-Time Operational Intelligence
4.2.10.8 AR & VR for Mining Operations
4.2.11 Oil & Gas
4.2.11.1 Wireless Connectivity for Remote Exploration & Production Sites
4.2.11.2 Critical Voice & Data-Based Mobile Workforce Communications
4.2.11.3 Push-to-Video & Telepresence Conferencing for Field Operations
4.2.11.4 Cellular-Equipped Surveillance Cameras for Situational Awareness
4.2.11.5 IoT Sensor-Enabled Remote Monitoring & Automation of Processes
4.2.11.6 SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) Communications
4.2.11.7 Location Services for Worker Safety & Asset Tracking
4.2.11.8 AR Smart Helmets for Hands-Free Remote Assistance
4.2.11.9 Predictive Maintenance of Oil & Gas Facilities
4.2.11.10 Mobile Robots for Safety Hazard Inspections
4.2.12 Ports & Maritime Transport
4.2.12.1 Critical Communications for Port Workers
4.2.12.2 Automation of Port & Terminal Operations
4.2.12.3 5G-Connected AGVs for Container Transport
4.2.12.4 Remote-Controlled Cranes & Terminal Tractors
4.2.12.5 Video Analytics for Operational Purposes
4.2.12.6 Environmental & Condition Monitoring
4.2.12.7 Port Traffic Management & Control
4.2.12.8 AR & VR Applications for Port Digitization
4.2.12.9 Unmanned Aerial Inspections of Port Facilities
4.2.12.10 Private Cellular-Enabled Maritime Communications
4.2.12.11 Wireless Ship-to-Shore Connectivity in Nearshore Waters
4.2.12.12 5G-Facilitated Remote Steering of Unmanned Vessels
4.2.13 Public Safety
4.2.13.1 Mission-Critical PTT Voice Communications
4.2.13.2 Real-Time Video & High-Resolution Imagery
4.2.13.3 Messaging, File Transfer & Presence Services
4.2.13.4 Secure & Seamless Mobile Broadband Access
4.2.13.5 Location-Based Services & Enhanced Mapping
4.2.13.6 Multimedia CAD (Computer-Aided Dispatch)
4.2.13.7 Massive-Scale Video Surveillance & Analytics
4.2.13.8 Smart Glasses & AR Headgear for First Responders
4.2.13.9 5G-Equipped Police, Firefighting & Rescue Robots
4.2.13.10 5G MBS/5MBS in High-Density Environments
4.2.13.11 Sidelink-Based Direct Mode Communications
4.2.14 Railways
4.2.14.1 FRMCS (Future Railway Mobile Communication System)
4.2.14.2 Train-to-Ground & Train-to-Train Connectivity
4.2.14.3 Wireless Intra-Train Communications
4.2.14.4 Rail Operations-Critical Voice, Data & Video Services
4.2.14.5 ATO (Automatic Train Operation) & Traffic Management
4.2.14.6 Video Surveillance for Operational Safety & Security
4.2.14.7 Smart Maintenance of Railway Infrastructure
4.2.14.8 Intelligent Management of Logistics Facilities
4.2.14.9 Onboard Broadband Internet Access
4.2.14.10 PIS (Passenger Information Systems)
4.2.14.11 Smart Rail & Metro Station Services
4.2.15 Utilities
4.2.15.1 Multi-Service FANs (Field Area Networks)
4.2.15.2 Critical Applications for Field Workforce Communications
4.2.15.3 AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure)
4.2.15.4 DA (Distribution Automation) Systems
4.2.15.5 Microgrid & DER (Distributed Energy Resource) Integration
4.2.15.6 5G-Enabled VPPs (Virtual Power Plants)
4.2.15.7 Low-Latency SCADA Applications for Utilities
4.2.15.8 Teleprotection of Transmission & Distribution Grids
4.2.15.9 Video Monitoring for Critical Infrastructure Protection
4.2.15.10 Sensor-Based Detection of Water & Gas Leaks
4.2.15.11 AR Information Overlays for Repairs & Maintenance
4.2.15.12 Drone & Robot-Assisted Inspections of Utility Assets
4.2.15.13 Local Wireless Connectivity for Remote & Offshore Facilities
4.2.16 Warehousing & Other Verticals
5 CHAPTER 5: SPECTRUM AVAILABILITY, ALLOCATION & USAGE
5.1 National & Local Area Licensed Spectrum
5.1.1 Low-Band (Sub-1 GHz)
5.1.1.1 200 400 MHz
5.1.1.2 410 & 450 MHz
5.1.1.3 600 MHz
5.1.1.4 700 MHz
5.1.1.5 800 MHz
5.1.1.6 900 MHz
5.1.2 Mid-Band (1 6 GHz)
5.1.2.1 1.4 GHz
5.1.2.2 1.6 GHz
5.1.2.3 1.8 GHz
5.1.2.4 1.9 GHz
5.1.2.5 2.1 GHz
5.1.2.6 2.3 GHz
5.1.2.7 2.4 GHz
5.1.2.8 2.5 GHz
5.1.2.9 2.6 GHz
5.1.2.10 3.4 GHz
5.1.2.11 3.5 GHz CBRS PAL Tier
5.1.2.12 3.7 3.8 GHz
5.1.2.13 3.8 4.2 GHz
5.1.2.14 4.6 4.9 GHz
5.1.2.15 Other Bands
5.1.3 High-Band mmWave (Millimeter Wave)
5.1.3.1 26 GHz
5.1.3.2 28 GHz
5.1.3.3 37 GHz
5.1.3.4 Other Bands
5.2 License-Exempt (Unlicensed) Spectrum
5.2.1 Sub-1 GHz Bands (470 790/800/900 MHz)
5.2.2 1.8 GHz DECT Guard Band
5.2.3 1.9 GHz sXGP Band
5.2.4 2.4 GHz (2,400 2,483.5 MHz)
5.2.5 3.5 GHz CBRS GAA Tier
5.2.6 5 GHz (5,150 5,925 MHz)
5.2.7 6 GHz (5,925 7,125 MHz)
5.2.8 60 GHz (57 71 GHz)
5.2.9 Other Bands
5.3 North America
5.3.1 United States
5.3.2 Canada
5.4 Asia Pacific
5.4.1 Australia
5.4.2 New Zealand
5.4.3 China
5.4.4 Hong Kong
5.4.5 Taiwan
5.4.6 Japan
5.4.7 South Korea
5.4.8 Singapore
5.4.9 Malaysia
5.4.10 Indonesia
5.4.11 Philippines
5.4.12 Thailand
5.4.13 Vietnam
5.4.14 Laos
5.4.15 Myanmar
5.4.16 India
5.4.17 Pakistan
5.4.18 Rest of Asia Pacific
5.5 Europe
5.5.1 United Kingdom
5.5.1.1 Great Britain
5.5.1.2 Northern Ireland
5.5.2 Republic of Ireland
5.5.3 France
5.5.4 Germany
5.5.5 Belgium
5.5.6 Netherlands
5.5.7 Switzerland
5.5.8 Austria
5.5.9 Italy
5.5.10 Spain
5.5.11 Portugal
5.5.12 Sweden
5.5.13 Norway
5.5.14 Denmark
5.5.15 Finland
5.5.16 Estonia
5.5.17 Czech Republic
5.5.18 Poland
5.5.19 Ukraine
5.5.20 Turkiye
5.5.21 Cyprus
5.5.22 Greece
5.5.23 Bulgaria
5.5.24 Romania
5.5.25 Hungary
5.5.26 Slovenia
5.5.27 Croatia
5.5.28 Russia
5.5.29 Belarus
5.5.30 Rest of Europe
5.6 Middle East & Africa
5.6.1 Saudi Arabia
5.6.2 United Arab Emirates
5.6.3 Qatar
5.6.4 Oman
5.6.5 Bahrain
5.6.6 Kuwait
5.6.7 Iraq
5.6.8 Jordan
5.6.9 Israel
5.6.10 Egypt
5.6.11 Algeria
5.6.12 Morocco
5.6.13 Tunisia
5.6.14 South Africa
5.6.15 Botswana
5.6.16 Zambia
5.6.17 Kenya
5.6.18 Ethiopia
5.6.19 Angola
5.6.20 Republic of the Congo
5.6.21 Gabon
5.6.22 Nigeria
5.6.23 Uganda
5.6.24 Ghana
5.6.25 Senegal
5.6.26 Rest of the Middle East & Africa
5.7 Latin & Central America
5.7.1 Brazil
5.7.2 Mexico
5.7.3 Argentina
5.7.4 Colombia
5.7.5 Chile
5.7.6 Peru
5.7.7 Ecuador
5.7.8 Bolivia
5.7.9 Dominican Republic
5.7.10 Bardados
5.7.11 Trinidad & Tobago
5.7.12 Suriname
5.7.13 Rest of Latin & Central America
6 CHAPTER 6: STANDARDIZATION, REGULATORY & COLLABORATIVE INITIATIVES
6.1 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)
6.1.1 Release 15: 5G eMBB Capabilities, Introduction of Network Slicing & New Operating Bands
6.1.2 Release 16: 3GPP Support for NPNs, 5G URLLC, TSN, NR-U & Vertical Application Enablers
6.1.3 Release 17: NPN Enhancements, Edge Computing, TSC, Expansion of IIoT Features, RedCap & NTN Connectivity
6.1.4 Release 18: 5G Advanced, Further NPN Refinements, DetNet, Intelligent Automation, Spectrum Flexibility & XR Services
6.1.5 Releases 19, 20, 21 & Beyond: Succession From 5G Advanced to the 6G Evolution
6.2 450 MHz Alliance
6.2.1 Promoting 3GPP Technologies in the 380 470 MHz Frequency Range
6.3 5G-ACIA (5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation)
6.3.1 Maximizing the Applicability of 5G Technology in the Industrial Domain
6.4 5GAIA (5G Applications Industry Array)
6.4.1 Advancing the Development of China's 5G Applications Industry
6.5 5G Campus Network Alliance
6.5.1 Supporting the Market Development of 5G Campus Networks in Germany
6.6 5GDNA (5G Deterministic Networking Alliance)
6.6.1 Industry Collaboration & Promotion of 5GDN (5G Deterministic Networking)
6.7 5GFF (5G Future Forum)
6.7.1 Accelerating the Delivery of 5G MEC (Multi-Access Edge Computing) Solutions
6.8 5G Forum (South Korea)
6.8.1 Expanding Convergence Between 5G Technology & Vertical Industries
6.9 5G Health Association
6.9.1 Interfacing 5G-Based Connectivity & Healthcare Applications
6.10 5G-MAG (5G Media Action Group)
6.10.1 5G-Based NPNs in Media Production
6.11 5GMF (Fifth Generation Mobile Communication Promotion Forum, Japan)
6.11.1 Initiatives Related to Local 5G Networks in Japan
6.12 5GSA (5G Slicing Association)
6.12.1 Addressing Vertical Industry Requirements for 5G Network Slicing
6.13 6G-IA (6G Smart Networks and Services Industry Association)
6.13.1 Private 5G-Related Projects & Activities
6.14 AGURRE (Association of Major Users of Operational Radio Networks, France)
6.14.1 Spectrum Access, Regulatory Framework & Industrial Ecosystem for Private Mobile Networks
6.15 APCO (Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials) International
6.15.1 Public Safety 5G-Related Advocacy Efforts
6.16 ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions)
6.16.1 Deployment & Operational Requirements of 5G-Based NPNs
6.16.2 Shared HNI & IBN Administration for CBRS Spectrum
6.16.3 Other Private 5G-Related Initiatives
6.17 BTG (Dutch Association of Large-Scale ICT & Telecommunications Users)
6.17.1 KMBG (Dutch Critical Mobile Broadband Users) Expert Group
6.18 B-TrunC (Broadband Trunking Communication) Industry Alliance
6.18.1 B-TrunC Standard for 3GPP-Based Critical Communications
6.19 CAMET (China Association of Metros)
6.19.1 Adoption of 3GPP Networks for Urban Rail Transit Systems
6.20 CEPT (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations)
6.20.1 Common Spectrum Policies for Local 5G, PPDR Broadband & FRMCS
6.21 DSA (Dynamic Spectrum Alliance)
6.21.1 Promoting Unlicensed & Dynamic Access to Spectrum
6.22 Electricity Canada (Canadian Electricity Association)
6.22.1 PVNO & Dedicated Spectrum for Smart Grid Communications
6.23 ENTELEC (Energy Telecommunications and Electrical Association)
6.23.1 Policy Advocacy & Other Private 5G-Related Activities
6.24 EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute)
6.24.1 Research & Guidelines in Support of 3GPP-Based Utility Communications
6.25 ERA (European Union Agency for Railways)
6.25.1 Evolution of Railway Radio Communication Project
6.26 ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
6.26.1 Technical Specifications for FRMCS, PPDR Broadband, MCX & TETRA-3GPP Interworking
6.26.2 Other Work Relevant to Private 5G Networks
6.27 EU-Rail (Europe s Rail Joint Undertaking)
6.27.1 FRMCS-Related Research & Innovation Activities
6.28 EUTC (European Utilities Telecom Council)
6.28.1 Addressing 5G-Related Requirements for European Utilities
6.29 EUWENA (European Users of Enterprise Wireless Networks Association)
6.29.1 Catalyzing the Wider Adoption of 3GPP-Based Private Networks
6.30 EWA (Enterprise Wireless Alliance)
6.30.1 Supporting the Private Wireless Industry in the United States
6.31 free5GC
6.31.1 Open-Source 5GC Software
6.32 GSA (Global Mobile Suppliers Association)
6.32.1 Advocacy for Private Mobile Networks
6.33 GSMA (GSM Association)
6.33.1 Guidelines for 5G Private & Dedicated Networks
6.34 GUTMA (Global UTM Association)
6.34.1 ACJA (Aerial Connectivity Joint Activity) Initiative
6.35 ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
6.35.1 International & Regional Harmonization of 5G Spectrum
6.35.2 Defining the Role of IMT-2020 to Support Vertical Applications
6.36 JOTS (Joint Operators Technical Specification) Forum
6.36.1 NHIB (Neutral Host In-Building) Specification
6.37 JRC (Joint Radio Company)
6.37.1 Supporting 5G-Based Smart Grid Initiatives
6.38 KRRI (Korea Railroad Research Institute)
6.38.1 Functional Testing & Certification of 3GPP-Based Railway Communications Systems
6.39 LF (Linux Foundation)
6.39.1 Magma Mobile Core Software Platform
6.39.2 LF Networking's 5G Super Blueprint
6.39.3 LF Edge's Akraino Private 5G ICN (Integrated Cloud-Native) Blueprint
6.39.4 Other Projects Relevant to Private 5G Networks
6.40 MFA (Alliance for Private Networks)
6.40.1 Uni5G Technology Blueprints for Private 5G Networks
6.40.2 Network Identifier Program Supporting Private & Neutral Host Networks
6.41 MSSA (Mobile Satellite Services Association)
6.41.1 Advancing the Global Direct-to-Device NTN Ecosystem
6.42 NGA (Next G Alliance)
6.42.1 Building the Foundation for North American Leadership in 6G
6.43 NGMN (Next-Generation Mobile Networks) Alliance
6.43.1 Work Related to Private 5G & Network Slicing
6.44 NSC (National Spectrum Consortium)
6.44.1 Enhancing Spectrum Superiority & 5G Capabilities for Federal Users
6.45 OCP (Open Compute Project) Foundation
6.45.1 Initiatives Aimed at Open Designs for Telco Hardware
6.46 one6G Association
6.46.1 Driving 6G Innovation & Development Across Vertical Industries
6.47 ONF (Open Networking Foundation)
6.47.1 Aether Private 5G Connected Edge Platform
6.47.2 SD-RAN, SD-Core, OMEC & Other Relevant Projects
6.48 OnGo Alliance
6.48.1 Promoting 5G OnGo Wireless Network Technology
6.48.2 Technical Specifications & Guidelines for 5G NR-Based CBRS Networks
6.48.3 Product Certification Program Supporting Multi-Vendor Interoperability
6.49 OPC Foundation
6.49.1 OPC UA (Unified Architecture) Over 5G for Industry 4.0 Applications
6.50 Open RAN Policy Coalition
6.50.1 Promoting Policies to Drive the Adoption of Open RAN
6.51 Open5GCore
6.51.1 Vendor-Independent 5GC Implementation
6.52 Open5GS & NextEPC
6.52.1 Open-Source 5GC & EPC Software
6.53 OpenInfra (Open Infrastructure) Foundation
6.53.1 StarlingX Software Stack for Ultra-Low Latency Edge Applications
6.53.2 OpenStack Cloud Software & Other Projects
6.54 O-RAN Alliance
6.54.1 O-RAN Architecture Specifications
6.54.2 O-RAN SC (Software Community)
6.54.3 Testing & Integration Support
6.55 OSA (OpenAirInterface Software Alliance)
6.55.1 OAI (OpenAirInterface) 5G RAN, Core & MOSAIC5G Projects
6.56 PIA (PSBN Innovation Alliance)
6.56.1 PSBN (Public Safety Broadband Network) Governance in Canada's Ontario Province
6.57 PMeV (German Professional Mobile Radio Association)
6.57.1 Professional Broadband & 5G Campus Network-Related Activities
6.58 PSBTA (Public Safety Broadband Technology Association)
6.58.1 Public Safety 5G-Related Activities
6.59 PSCE (Public Safety Communication Europe)
6.59.1 Public Safety Broadband-Related Standardization Activities
6.59.2 BroadX Projects: Pan-European Interoperable Mobile Broadband System for Public Safety
6.60 Safe-Net Forum
6.60.1 Technical & Policy Guidance for 3GPP-Based Critical Communications Networks
6.61 SCF (Small Cell Forum)
6.61.1 Reference Blueprints for Private 5G Networks
6.61.2 Neutral Hosting, Edge Computing & Other Relevant Work
6.62 Seamless Air Alliance
6.62.1 Leading Global Standards for Inflight Connectivity
6.63 SimpleRAN
6.63.1 Ensuring Interoperability & Transparency in the vRAN Ecosystem
6.64 srsRAN Project
6.64.1 Open-Source 5G Software Suite
6.65 TCA (Trusted Connectivity Alliance)
6.65.1 5G SIM/eSIM Recommendations for Private Networks
6.66 TCCA (The Critical Communications Association)
6.66.1 CCBG (Critical Communications Broadband Group)
6.66.2 BIG (Broadband Industry Group)
6.66.3 SCADA, Smart Grid & IoT Group
6.66.4 Future Technologies Group
6.67 techUK
6.67.1 SPF (Spectrum Policy Forum)
6.68 TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)
6.68.1 Defining Requirements for LMR-3GPP Interworking & Critical Broadband Capabilities
6.69 TIP (Telecom Infra Project)
6.69.1 5G Private Networks Solution Group
6.69.2 Neutral Host NaaS Solution Group
6.69.3 OpenRAN & Open Core Network Groups
6.69.4 Other Relevant Product & Solution Groups
6.70 TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association, South Korea)
6.70.1 Standardization Efforts for 3GPP-Based Public Safety, Railway & Maritime Communications
6.71 U.S. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
6.71.1 Public Safety Broadband & 5G-Related R&D Initiatives
6.72 U.S. NPSTC (National Public Safety Telecommunications Council)
6.72.1 Leadership for LMR-3GPP Interworking & Public Safety Broadband Communications
6.73 U.S. NTIA (National Telecommunications and Information Administration)
6.73.1 Wireless Innovation & Supply Chain Security
6.74 UBBA (Utility Broadband Alliance)
6.74.1 Championing the Advancement of Private Broadband Networks for Utilities
6.75 UIC (International Union of Railways)
6.75.1 FRMCS Program for the Replacement of GSM-R Networks
6.76 UK5G Innovation Network
6.76.1 Promoting Private 5G Adoption Projects, Testbeds & Trials
6.77 UNIFE (The European Rail Supply Industry Association)
6.77.1 UNITEL Committee: Development & Implementation of FRMCS
6.78 UTC (Utilities Technology Council)
6.78.1 Private 5G-Related Advocacy, Technology Development & Policy Efforts
6.79 UTCAL (Utilities Telecom & Technology Council America Latina)
6.79.1 Promoting Private 5G Networks for Latin American Utilities
6.80 VDMA (German Mechanical and Plant Engineering Association)
6.80.1 Guidelines for 5G in Mechanical & Plant Engineering
6.81 WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance)
6.81.1 5G & Wi-Fi Convergence in Private 5G Networks
6.81.2 OpenRoaming for Private 5G
6.82 WhiteSpace Alliance
6.82.1 Promoting the Use of 3GPP, IEEE & IETF Standards for TVWS Spectrum
6.83 WInnForum (Wireless Innovation Forum)
6.83.1 CBRS Standards for the Implementation of FCC Rulemaking
6.83.2 6 GHz Unlicensed Sharing & Other Committees
6.84 XGP (eXtended Global Platform) Forum
6.84.1 Development & Promotion of the sXGP Unlicensed Service
6.85 Others
6.85.1 Vendor-Led Private 5G Alliances
6.85.2 National Government Agencies & Regulators
6.85.3 Regional & Country-Specific Associations
6.85.4 Global Industry Initiatives & Organizations
7 CHAPTER 7: CASE STUDIES OF PRIVATE 5G NETWORKS
7.1 ABP (Associated British Ports): Shared Access License-Enabled Private 5G Network for Port of Southampton
7.1.1 Operational Model
7.1.2 Spectrum Type
7.1.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.1.4 Deployment Summary
7.2 Adif AV (Alta Velocidad): Private 5G Infrastructure for Wireless Access in Strategic Logistics Terminals
7.2.1 Operational Model
7.2.2 Spectrum Type
7.2.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.2.4 Deployment Summary
7.3 Agnico Eagle Mines: Streamlining Mining Operations With Industrial-Grade Private 5G Networks
7.3.1 Operational Model
7.3.2 Spectrum Type
7.3.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.3.4 Deployment Summary
7.4 Airbus: Multi-Campus Private Cellular Network for Aircraft Manufacturing Facilities Across Europe
7.4.1 Operational Model
7.4.2 Spectrum Type
7.4.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.4.4 Deployment Summary
7.5 ANA (All Nippon Airways): Local 5G-Powered Digital Transformation of Aviation Training
7.5.1 Operational Model
7.5.2 Spectrum Type
7.5.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.5.4 Deployment Summary
7.6 ArcelorMittal: 5G Steel Project for Industrial Digitization & Automation
7.6.1 Operational Model
7.6.2 Spectrum Type
7.6.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.6.4 Deployment Summary
7.7 ASE Group: 28 GHz mmWave 5G Network for Semiconductor Manufacturing
7.7.1 Operational Model
7.7.2 Spectrum Type
7.7.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.7.4 Deployment Summary
7.8 ASN (Alcatel Submarine Networks): Private 5G Networks for Calais & Greenwich Production Sites
7.8.1 Operational Model
7.8.2 Spectrum Type
7.8.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.8.4 Deployment Summary
7.9 BAM Nuttall: Accelerating Innovation at Construction Sites With Private 5G Networks
7.9.1 Operational Model
7.9.2 Spectrum Type
7.9.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.9.4 Deployment Summary
7.10 Barcelona Port Authority: Standalone Private 5G Network for 500 Tenant Companies
7.10.1 Operational Model
7.10.2 Spectrum Type
7.10.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.10.4 Deployment Summary
7.11 BASF: 5G Campus Networks for Real-Time Wireless Connectivity in Chemical Production Sites
7.11.1 Operational Model
7.11.2 Spectrum Type
7.11.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.11.4 Deployment Summary
7.12 BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation): Portable 5G-Based NPN Solution for News Contribution
7.12.1 Operational Model
7.12.2 Spectrum Type
7.12.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.12.4 Deployment Summary
7.13 BHP: Transitioning From Private LTE to Standalone 5G Networks for Advanced Digitization & Automation
7.13.1 Operational Model
7.13.2 Spectrum Type
7.13.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.13.4 Deployment Summary
7.14 BlackRock: On-Premise Private 5G Network Installation for New York Global Headquarters
7.14.1 Operational Model
7.14.2 Spectrum Type
7.14.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.14.4 Deployment Summary
7.15 BMW Group: Private 5G Networks for Autonomous Intralogistics in Production Plants
7.15.1 Operational Model
7.15.2 Spectrum Type
7.15.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.15.4 Deployment Summary
7.16 Boston Children's Hospital: Scalable Hybrid Public-Private 5G Network for Connected Healthcare
7.16.1 Operational Model
7.16.2 Spectrum Type
7.16.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.16.4 Deployment Summary
7.17 BT Media & Broadcast: Private 5G Networks for Live Sports Content Production
7.17.1 Operational Model
7.17.2 Spectrum Type
7.17.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.17.4 Deployment Summary
7.18 Cal Poly (California Polytechnic State University): Converged Public-Private 5G Network
7.18.1 Operational Model
7.18.2 Spectrum Type
7.18.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.18.4 Deployment Summary
7.19 China National Coal Group: Multi-Band 700 MHz & 2.6 GHz Private 5G Network for Dahaize Coal Mine
7.19.1 Operational Model
7.19.2 Spectrum Type
7.19.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.19.4 Deployment Summary
7.20 CJ Logistics: Bolstering Fulfillment Center Productivity Using Private 5G Network
7.20.1 Operational Model
7.20.2 Spectrum Type
7.20.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.20.4 Deployment Summary
7.21 Cleveland Clinic: Private 5G Network for Mentor Hospital
7.21.1 Operational Model
7.21.2 Spectrum Type
7.21.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.21.4 Deployment Summary
7.22 Cologne Bonn Airport: Revolutionizing Internal Operations With Private 5G Campus Network
7.22.1 Operational Model
7.22.2 Spectrum Type
7.22.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.22.4 Deployment Summary
7.23 COMAC (Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China): 5G-Connected Intelligent Aircraft Manufacturing Factories
7.23.1 Operational Model
7.23.2 Spectrum Type
7.23.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.23.4 Deployment Summary
7.24 CSG (China Southern Power Grid): Harnessing Private Cellular Systems & 5G Network Slicing for Smart Grid Operations
7.24.1 Operational Model
7.24.2 Spectrum Type
7.24.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.24.4 Deployment Summary
7.25 DB (Deutsche Bahn): Digitizing & Automating Rail Operations With 5G-Based FRMCS
7.25.1 Operational Model
7.25.2 Spectrum Type
7.25.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.25.4 Deployment Summary
7.26 Delta Electronics: Private 5G Networks for Manufacturing Facilities in Taiwan & Thailand
7.26.1 Operational Model
7.26.2 Spectrum Type
7.26.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.26.4 Deployment Summary
7.27 District of Ban Chang: 26 GHz mmWave Private 5G Network for Smart City Services
7.27.1 Operational Model
7.27.2 Spectrum Type
7.27.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.27.4 Deployment Summary
7.28 Dongyi Group Coal Gasification Company: Hybrid Public-Private Network for Xinyan Coal Mine
7.28.1 Operational Model
7.28.2 Spectrum Type
7.28.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.28.4 Deployment Summary
7.29 EHIME CATV: Gigabit-Grade FWA Service Using 28 GHz Local 5G Network
7.29.1 Operational Model
7.29.2 Spectrum Type
7.29.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.29.4 Deployment Summary
7.30 Estonian Ministry of Defense: Private 5G Network for CR14 (Cyber Range 14)
7.30.1 Operational Model
7.30.2 Spectrum Type
7.30.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.30.4 Deployment Summary
7.31 EUROGATE: 5G Campus Networks for the Digitization of Port Logistics
7.31.1 Operational Model
7.31.2 Spectrum Type
7.31.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.31.4 Deployment Summary
7.32 EWG (East-West Gate) Intermodal Terminal: Private 5G Network for Smart Railway Logistics
7.32.1 Operational Model
7.32.2 Spectrum Type
7.32.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.32.4 Deployment Summary
7.33 Ferrovial: Standalone Private 5G Network for Silvertown Tunnel Project
7.33.1 Operational Model
7.33.2 Spectrum Type
7.33.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.33.4 Deployment Summary
7.34 Fiskarheden: Local 3.7 GHz License-Based Private 5G Network for Transtrand Sawmill
7.34.1 Operational Model
7.34.2 Spectrum Type
7.34.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.34.4 Deployment Summary
7.35 Frankfurt University Hospital: Dedicated 5G Network for Secure Medical Messaging & Remote Diagnostics
7.35.1 Operational Model
7.35.2 Spectrum Type
7.35.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.35.4 Deployment Summary
7.36 Fraport: Private 5G Campus Network for Future-Oriented Operations at Frankfurt Airport
7.36.1 Operational Model
7.36.2 Spectrum Type
7.36.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.36.4 Deployment Summary
7.37 Fujitsu: Japan's First 5G Network Installation Based on 28 GHz Local 5G Spectrum
7.37.1 Operational Model
7.37.2 Spectrum Type
7.37.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.37.4 Deployment Summary
7.38 Gerdau: Private 5G Network for Ouro Branco Steel Production Plant
7.38.1 Operational Model
7.38.2 Spectrum Type
7.38.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.38.4 Deployment Summary
7.39 Gogo Business Aviation: 5G A2G Wireless Network for Inflight Connectivity
7.39.1 Operational Model
7.39.2 Spectrum Type
7.39.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.39.4 Deployment Summary
7.40 Guangzhou Metro: 5G + Smart Metro Project for Urban Rail Transit
7.40.1 Operational Model
7.40.2 Spectrum Type
7.40.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.40.4 Deployment Summary
7.41 Hanshin Electric Railway: Capitalizing on Local 5G for Safer & Efficient Railway Operations
7.41.1 Operational Model
7.41.2 Spectrum Type
7.41.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.41.4 Deployment Summary
7.42 Helios Park Hospital: Enhancing Medical System Efficiency With Standalone 5G Campus Network
7.42.1 Operational Model
7.42.2 Spectrum Type
7.42.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.42.4 Deployment Summary
7.43 Hip Hing Engineering: Dedicated 5G Network for Kai Tak Sports Park
7.43.1 Operational Model
7.43.2 Spectrum Type
7.43.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.43.4 Deployment Summary
7.44 Hiroshima Gas: Local 5G-Powered Safety Operations at Hatsukaichi LNG Terminal
7.44.1 Operational Model
7.44.2 Spectrum Type
7.44.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.44.4 Deployment Summary
7.45 HKIA (Hong Kong International Airport): 28 GHz Public-Private 5G Infrastructure Project
7.45.1 Operational Model
7.45.2 Spectrum Type
7.45.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.45.4 Deployment Summary
7.46 Hoban Construction: 4.7 GHz Private 5G Network for Apartment Complex Worksite
7.46.1 Operational Model
7.46.2 Spectrum Type
7.46.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.46.4 Deployment Summary
7.47 Hsinchu City Fire Department: Satellite-Backhauled Private 5G Network for PPDR Communications
7.47.1 Operational Model
7.47.2 Spectrum Type
7.47.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.47.4 Deployment Summary
7.48 Hutchison Ports: Driving the Digitization & Automation of Ports Through Private 5G Networks
7.48.1 Operational Model
7.48.2 Spectrum Type
7.48.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.48.4 Deployment Summary
7.49 Inventec Corporation: Standalone Private 5G Network for Taoyuan Guishan Plant
7.49.1 Operational Model
7.49.2 Spectrum Type
7.49.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.49.4 Deployment Summary
7.50 IRFU (Irish Rugby Football Union): Enabling Fast In-Play Data Analysis With Private 5G Network
7.50.1 Operational Model
7.50.2 Spectrum Type
7.50.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.50.4 Deployment Summary
7.51 Jacto: Private 5G Network for Paulopolis Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Plant
7.51.1 Operational Model
7.51.2 Spectrum Type
7.51.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.51.4 Deployment Summary
7.52 JBG SMITH Properties: National Landing Private 5G Infrastructure Platform
7.52.1 Operational Model
7.52.2 Spectrum Type
7.52.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.52.4 Deployment Summary
7.53 JD Logistics: Migrating AGV Communications From Wi-Fi to Private 5G Networks
7.53.1 Operational Model
7.53.2 Spectrum Type
7.53.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.53.4 Deployment Summary
7.54 John Deere: Employing Private 5G Networks to Unshackle Industrial Facilities From Cables
7.54.1 Operational Model
7.54.2 Spectrum Type
7.54.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.54.4 Deployment Summary
7.55 Kansai Electric Power: Enhancing Power Station & Wind Farm Maintenance Using Local 5G Networks
7.55.1 Operational Model
7.55.2 Spectrum Type
7.55.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.55.4 Deployment Summary
7.56 Kaohsiung City Police Department: Sliced Private 5G Network for Smart Patrol Cars
7.56.1 Operational Model
7.56.2 Spectrum Type
7.56.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.56.4 Deployment Summary
7.57 Kawasaki Heavy Industries: Connecting Smart Factory Robotics With Local 5G Technology
7.57.1 Operational Model
7.57.2 Spectrum Type
7.57.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.57.4 Deployment Summary
7.58 KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation): Private 5G Networks for Substation Management
7.58.1 Operational Model
7.58.2 Spectrum Type
7.58.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.58.4 Deployment Summary
7.59 Kumagai Gumi: Unleashing the Potential of Unmanned Construction Using Local 5G Networks
7.59.1 Operational Model
7.59.2 Spectrum Type
7.59.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.59.4 Deployment Summary
7.60 Latvian Ministry of Defense: Camp Adazi 5G Testbed for Defense Innovations
7.60.1 Operational Model
7.60.2 Spectrum Type
7.60.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.60.4 Deployment Summary
7.61 Lishui Municipal Emergency Management: 5G-Enabled Natural Disaster Management System
7.61.1 Operational Model
7.61.2 Spectrum Type
7.61.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.61.4 Deployment Summary
7.62 Liverpool 5G Create Project: Standalone Private 5G Network for Digital Health, Education & Social Care
7.62.1 Operational Model
7.62.2 Spectrum Type
7.62.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.62.4 Deployment Summary
7.63 Lufthansa Technik: Industrial-Grade 5G Campus Network for Hamburg Engine Shops
7.63.1 Operational Model
7.63.2 Spectrum Type
7.63.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.63.4 Deployment Summary
7.64 Mercedes-Benz Group: World's First 5G Campus Network for Automotive Production
7.64.1 Operational Model
7.64.2 Spectrum Type
7.64.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.64.4 Deployment Summary
7.65 Midea Group: 5G-Connected Factories for Washing Machine Manufacturing
7.65.1 Operational Model
7.65.2 Spectrum Type
7.65.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.65.4 Deployment Summary
7.66 Mitsubishi Electric: Local 5G-Based Industrial Wireless System for Factory Automation
7.66.1 Operational Model
7.66.2 Spectrum Type
7.66.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.66.4 Deployment Summary
7.67 Narita International Airport: Local 5G Network for Self-Driving Shuttle Buses & Critical Communications
7.67.1 Operational Model
7.67.2 Spectrum Type
7.67.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.67.4 Deployment Summary
7.68 Navantia: Digital Transformation of Shipyard Operations Using Dedicated 5G Infrastructure & Edge Computing
7.68.1 Operational Model
7.68.2 Spectrum Type
7.68.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.68.4 Deployment Summary
7.69 NEC Corporation: Improving Production Efficiency With Local 5G-Connected Autonomous Transport System
7.69.1 Operational Model
7.69.2 Spectrum Type
7.69.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.69.4 Deployment Summary
7.70 NLMK Group: Digitizing Steel Production & Mining Operations With Private Wireless Networks
7.70.1 Operational Model
7.70.2 Spectrum Type
7.70.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.70.4 Deployment Summary
7.71 Norwegian Armed Forces: Defense-Specific Network Slices & Tactical Private 5G Systems
7.71.1 Operational Model
7.71.2 Spectrum Type
7.71.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.71.4 Deployment Summary
7.72 PCK Raffinerie: Accelerating Oil Refinery Digitization With 5G Campus Network
7.72.1 Operational Model
7.72.2 Spectrum Type
7.72.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.72.4 Deployment Summary
7.73 Port of Tyne: Advancing Smart Port Transformation With Private 5G Network
7.73.1 Operational Model
7.73.2 Spectrum Type
7.73.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.73.4 Deployment Summary
7.74 POSCO: Leveraging Private 5G to Link Autonomous Locomotives & Railway Control Systems
7.74.1 Operational Model
7.74.2 Spectrum Type
7.74.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.74.4 Deployment Summary
7.75 PSA International: Private 5G Networks for Container Terminal Operations
7.75.1 Operational Model
7.75.2 Spectrum Type
7.75.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.75.4 Deployment Summary
7.76 Ricoh: Embracing Digital Innovation in Production Operations With Local 5G Networks
7.76.1 Operational Model
7.76.2 Spectrum Type
7.76.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.76.4 Deployment Summary
7.77 Robert Bosch: Automating & Digitizing Manufacturing Facilities With Private 5G Networks
7.77.1 Operational Model
7.77.2 Spectrum Type
7.77.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.77.4 Deployment Summary
7.78 ROKN (Republic of Korea Navy): Secure Private 5G Network for Second Fleet Operations
7.78.1 Operational Model
7.78.2 Spectrum Type
7.78.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.78.4 Deployment Summary
7.79 Ryder Cup Golf Competition: Integrated Private 5G/Wi-Fi Network for Fans & Staff
7.79.1 Operational Model
7.79.2 Spectrum Type
7.79.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.79.4 Deployment Summary
7.80 Sao Martinho: Pioneering Smart Agribusiness Innovations With Private 5G Networks
7.80.1 Operational Model
7.80.2 Spectrum Type
7.80.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.80.4 Deployment Summary
7.81 SCA (Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget): Local 5G Connectivity for Timber Terminals & Paper Mills
7.81.1 Operational Model
7.81.2 Spectrum Type
7.81.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.81.4 Deployment Summary
7.82 SGCC (State Grid Corporation of China): Sliced Public-Private 5G & 5.8 GHz Private NR-U Networks
7.82.1 Operational Model
7.82.2 Spectrum Type
7.82.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.82.4 Deployment Summary
7.83 Siemens: Independently Developed Private 5G Infrastructure for Industry 4.0 Applications
7.83.1 Operational Model
7.83.2 Spectrum Type
7.83.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.83.4 Deployment Summary
7.84 Sinopec (China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation): 5G + Smart Petrochemical Project
7.84.1 Operational Model
7.84.2 Spectrum Type
7.84.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.84.4 Deployment Summary
7.85 SMC (Samsung Medical Center): On-Premise Private 5G Network for Medical Education
7.85.1 Operational Model
7.85.2 Spectrum Type
7.85.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.85.4 Deployment Summary
7.86 Snam: Hybrid 5G MPN (Mobile Private Network) for 23 Plants
7.86.1 Operational Model
7.86.2 Spectrum Type
7.86.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.86.4 Deployment Summary
7.87 SNCF (French National Railways): Enabling Rail Innovations With 5G Technology
7.87.1 Operational Model
7.87.2 Spectrum Type
7.87.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.87.4 Deployment Summary
7.88 Swedish Armed Forces: Tactical 5G Bubbles for Secure Military Communications
7.88.1 Operational Model
7.88.2 Spectrum Type
7.88.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.88.4 Deployment Summary
7.89 TBN (Trinity Broadcasting Network): Private 5G Network for Broadcast Studio
7.89.1 Operational Model
7.89.2 Spectrum Type
7.89.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.89.4 Deployment Summary
7.90 Tianjin Port Group: On-Premise 5G Infrastructure for Intelligent & Automated Port Operations
7.90.1 Operational Model
7.90.2 Spectrum Type
7.90.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.90.4 Deployment Summary
7.91 Tokyo Metropolitan University: L5G (Local 5G) Project in Support of 'Future Tokyo' Strategy
7.91.1 Operational Model
7.91.2 Spectrum Type
7.91.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.91.4 Deployment Summary
7.92 U.S. DOD (Department of Defense): Expanding 5G-Enabled Communications & Warfighting Capabilities
7.92.1 Operational Model
7.92.2 Spectrum Type
7.92.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.92.4 Deployment Summary
7.93 UKD (University Hospital of Dusseldorf): Improving Patient Care & Saving Lives With 5G Campus Network
7.93.1 Operational Model
7.93.2 Spectrum Type
7.93.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.93.4 Deployment Summary
7.94 Ushino Nakayama: Transforming Kagoshima Wagyu Beef Production With Local 5G Connectivity
7.94.1 Operational Model
7.94.2 Spectrum Type
7.94.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.94.4 Deployment Summary
7.95 VA Palo Alto Health Care System: Campus-Wide Private 5G Network for Clinical Care Applications
7.95.1 Operational Model
7.95.2 Spectrum Type
7.95.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.95.4 Deployment Summary
7.96 Volkswagen Group: Private 5G for Smart Manufacturing & Intelligent Vehicle Development
7.96.1 Operational Model
7.96.2 Spectrum Type
7.96.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.96.4 Deployment Summary
7.97 VPA (Virginia Port Authority): Private 5G Connectivity for Semi-Automated Container Terminals
7.97.1 Operational Model
7.97.2 Spectrum Type
7.97.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.97.4 Deployment Summary
7.98 West China Second University Hospital (Sichuan University): Enabling Smart Healthcare With Private 5G Network
7.98.1 Operational Model
7.98.2 Spectrum Type
7.98.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.98.4 Deployment Summary
7.99 WISCO (Wuhan Iron & Steel Corporation): Dual-Layer 2.1 GHz & 3.5 GHz Private 5G Network for Steel Plant
7.99.1 Operational Model
7.99.2 Spectrum Type
7.99.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.99.4 Deployment Summary
7.100 X Shore: Empowering Electric Boat Manufacturing With Private 5G Network
7.100.1 Operational Model
7.100.2 Spectrum Type
7.100.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.100.4 Deployment Summary
8 CHAPTER 8: KEY ECOSYSTEM PLAYERS
8.1 10T Tech
8.2 1NCE
8.3 1oT
8.4 2TEST (Alkor-Communication)
8.5 3D-P (Epiroc)
8.6 450connect
8.7 4K Solutions
8.8 4RF
8.9 6Harmonics/6WiLInk
8.10 6WIND
8.11 7P (Seven Principles)
8.12 A Beep/Diga-Talk+
8.13 A1 Telekom Austria Group
8.14 A10 Networks
8.15 A5G Networks
8.16 AAEON Technology (ASUS ASUSTeK Computer)
8.17 Aarna Networks
8.18 ABB
8.19 ABEL Mobilfunk
8.20 ABiT Corporation
8.21 ABS
8.22 Abside Networks
8.23 Accedian
8.24 AccelerComm
8.25 Accelink Technologies
8.26 Accelleran
8.27 Accenture
8.28 Access Spectrum
8.29 Accton Technology Corporation
8.30 Accuver (InnoWireless)
8.31 ACE Technologies
8.32 AceTel (Ace Solutions)
8.33 Achronix Semiconductor Corporation
8.34 ACOME
8.35 Actelis Networks
8.36 Action Technologies (Shenzhen Action Technologies)
8.37 Actiontec Electronics
8.38 Active911
8.39 Actus Networks
8.40 Adax
8.41 Adcor Magnet Systems
8.42 ADI (Analog Devices, Inc.)
8.43 ADLINK Technology
8.44 ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies)
8.45 ADT
8.46 Adtran
8.47 Advanced Energy Industries
8.48 AdvanceTec Industries
8.49 Advantech
8.50 Advantech Wireless Technologies (Baylin Technologies)
8.51 Aegex Technologies
8.52 Aerial Applications
8.53 Aeris
8.54 Aerostar International
8.55 Aethertek
8.56 Affarii Technologies
8.57 Affirmed Networks (Microsoft Corporation)
8.58 AFL Global
8.59 AFRY
8.60 Agile (Agile Interoperable Solutions)
8.61 AGIS (Advanced Ground Information Systems)
8.62 AGM Mobile
8.63 AH NET (MVM NET)
8.64 AI-LINK
8.65 AINA Wireless
8.66 Airbus/SLC (Secure Land Communications)
8.67 Airfide Networks
8.68 Airgain
8.69 AirHop Communications
8.70 Airlinq
8.71 Airspan Networks
8.72 Airtower Networks
8.73 Airwavz Solutions
8.74 AIS (Advanced Info Service)
8.75 AiVader
8.76 Akamai Technologies
8.77 Akoustis Technologies
8.78 Alaxala Networks Corporation (Fortinet)
8.79 ALBEDO Telecom
8.80 albis-elcon (UET United Electronic Technology)
8.81 Alcadis
8.82 Alea (Leonardo)
8.83 Alef (Alef Edge)
8.84 Alepo
8.85 Alibaba Group
8.86 Aliniant
8.87 Allbesmart
8.88 Allen Vanguard Wireless
8.89 Allerio
8.90 Allied Telesis
8.91 Allot
8.92 Alpha Networks
8.93 Alpha Wireless
8.94 Alsatis Reseaux
8.95 Alstom
8.96 Altaeros
8.97 Altair Semiconductor (Sony Semiconductor Israel)
8.98 ALTAN Redes
8.99 Altice Group
8.100 ALVIS (Argentina)
8.101 AM Telecom
8.102 Amantya Technologies
8.103 Amarisoft
8.104 Amazon/AWS (Amazon Web Services)
8.105 Ambra Solutions-ECOTEL
8.106 AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)
8.107 Amdocs
8.108 America Movil
8.109 American Tower Corporation
8.110 AMI (American Megatrends International)
8.111 AMIT Wireless
8.112 Ampere Computing
8.113 Amphenol Corporation
8.114 Ampleon
8.115 Amtele Communication
8.116 Andesat
8.117 ANDRO Computational Solutions
8.118 Anktion (Fujian) Technology
8.119 Anokiwave
8.120 Anritsu
8.121 ANS Advanced Network Services (Charge Enterprises)
8.122 Antenna Company
8.123 Anterix
8.124 Antevia Networks
8.125 Antna Antenna Technology
8.126 Aorotech
8.127 Apple
8.128 APRESIA Systems
8.129 APSTAR (APT Satellite Company)
8.130 APT (Asia Pacific Telecom)
8.131 aql
8.132 Aquila (Suzhou Aquila Solutions)
8.133 Aqura Technologies (Telstra Purple)
8.134 Arabsat
8.135 Arcadyan Technology Corporation (Compal Electronics)
8.136 Archos
8.137 Arctic Semiconductor (Formerly SiTune Corporation)
8.138 Arete M
8.139 Argela
8.140 ArgoNET
8.141 Aria Networks
8.142 Arista Networks
8.143 Arkessa (Wireless Logic Group)
8.144 Arm
8.145 Armour Communications
8.146 Arqit Quantum
8.147 ArrayComm (Chengdu ArrayComm Wireless Technologies)
8.148 Arrcus
8.149 Artemis Networks
8.150 Artiza Networks
8.151 Aruba (HPE Hewlett Packard Enterprise)
8.152 Arukona
8.153 Asavie
8.154 ASELSAN
8.155 AsiaInfo Technologies
8.156 AsiaSat (Asia Satellite Telecommunications Company)
8.157 Askey Computer Corporation (ASUS ASUSTeK Computer)
8.158 ASOCS
8.159 Aspire Technology (NEC Corporation)
8.160 ASR Microelectronics
8.161 AST SpaceMobile
8.162 ASTELLA (Astella Technologies)
8.163 ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute)
8.164 ASUS (ASUSTeK Computer)
8.165 Asylon
8.166 AT&T
8.167 Ataya
8.168 ATDI
8.169 ATEL (Asiatelco Technologies)
8.170 Atel Antennas
8.171 Atesio
8.172 Athonet (HPE Hewlett Packard Enterprise)
8.173 ATL A Test Lab (Eurofins E&E Electrical and Electronics)
8.174 Atlas Telecom
8.175 AtlasEdge (Liberty Global/DigitalBridge Group)
8.176 ATN International
8.177 Atos
8.178 Atrinet
8.179 Attabotics
8.180 AttoCore
8.181 Auden Techno
8.182 Auray Technology (Auden Techno)
8.183 Avanti Communications
8.184 Avari Wireless
8.185 AVI
8.186 Aviat Networks
8.187 Avidyne Corporation
8.188 AVIWEST (Haivision)
8.189 AVM
8.190 AW2S Advanced Wireless Solutions and Services (SERMA Group)
8.191 AWTG
8.192 AXESS Networks (HISPASAT)
8.193 Axians (VINCI Energies)
8.194 Axiata Group
8.195 Axione
8.196 Axis Communications
8.197 Axon
8.198 Axtel
8.199 Axxcelera Broadband Wireless (Axxcss Wireless Solutions)
8.200 Axxcss Wireless Solutions
8.201 Azcom Technology
8.202 Azetti Networks
8.203 B+B SmartWorx (Advantech)
8.204 BAE Systems
8.205 Baicells
8.206 Ball Aerospace
8.207 Ballast Networks
8.208 BandRich
8.209 BandwidthX
8.210 Barrett Communications (Motorola Solutions)
8.211 BATS Wireless (Broadband Antenna Tracking Systems)
8.212 BAYFU (Bayerische Funknetz)
8.213 Baylin Technologies
8.214 BBB (BB Backbone Corporation)
8.215 BBK Electronics
8.216 BCDVideo
8.217 Beam Semiconductor
8.218 Beamlink
8.219 BearCom
8.220 BEC Technologies (Billion Electric)
8.221 becon
8.222 Beeper Communications
8.223 Beijer Electronics Group
8.224 Belden
8.225 BelFone
8.226 Bell Canada
8.227 Bellantenna
8.228 Benetel
8.229 BesoVideo
8.230 Betacom
8.231 Bharti Airtel
8.232 BHE (Bonn Hungary Electronics)
8.233 BICS (Proximus)
8.234 BinnenBereik (NOVEC)
8.235 Bird Technologies
8.236 BISDN (Berlin Institute for Software Defined Networks)
8.237 Bittium
8.238 BK Technologies
8.239 Black & Veatch
8.240 Black Box
8.241 BlackBerry
8.242 Blackned
8.243 BLiNQ Networks (CCI Communication Components Inc.)
8.244 Blu Wireless
8.245 Blue Arcus Technologies
8.246 Blue Wireless
8.247 Bluebird
8.248 Blueforce Development Corporation
8.249 BLUnet Schweiz (Axpo WZ-Systems)
8.250 Boeing/Aurora Flight Sciences
8.251 Boelink (Shanghai Boelink Communication Technology)
8.252 Boingo Wireless (DigitalBridge Group)
8.253 Boldyn Networks (Formerly BAI Communications)
8.254 Bombardier
8.255 Booz Allen Hamilton
8.256 Boston Dynamics
8.257 Bouygues Telecom
8.258 Boxchip
8.259 Branch Communications
8.260 BravoCom
8.261 Bredengen
8.262 Broadcom
8.263 BroadForward
8.264 Broadmobi Shanghai Broadmobi Communication Technology (Wutong Group)
8.265 Broadpeak
8.266 Broadtech
8.267 BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited)
8.268 BT Group
8.269 BTI Wireless
8.270 BubbleRAN
8.271 Bullitt Mobile
8.272 Bumicom Telecommunicatie
8.273 Bureau Veritas/7Layers
8.274 BVSystems (Berkeley Varitronics Systems)
8.275 BWT (BlueWaveTel)
8.276 BYD
8.277 B-Yond
8.278 C Spire
8.279 C Squared Systems
8.280 C3Spectra
8.281 CableFree (Wireless Excellence)
8.282 CableLabs
8.283 CACI International/LGS Innovations
8.284 Cadence Design Systems
8.285 CalAmp
8.286 CalChip Connect
8.287 Caliber Public Safety
8.288 Calix
8.289 Calnex Solutions
8.290 Caltta Technologies
8.291 Cambium Networks
8.292 Cambridge Consultants (Capgemini Invent)
8.293 CampusGenius
8.294 Canoga Perkins
8.295 Canonical
8.296 Capgemini Engineering
8.297 CapX Nederland
8.298 Carbyne
8.299 Casa Systems (Axyom & NetComm Portfolio)
8.300 CASIC (China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation)
8.301 Casio Computer Company
8.302 Castor Marine
8.303 Catalyst Communications Technologies
8.304 Cavli Wireless
8.305 CBNG (Cambridge Broadband Networks Group)
8.306 CCI (Communication Components Inc.)
8.307 CCN (Cirrus Core Networks)
8.308 CCww (Communications Consultants Worldwide)
8.309 Cegeka
8.310 CeLa Link Corporation
8.311 Celfinet (Cyient)
8.312 CellAntenna Corporation
8.313 Cellcomm Solutions
8.314 Cellient
8.315 Celling 5G
8.316 CellMax Technologies (Rosenberger)
8.317 Cellnex Telecom
8.318 Cellwize (Qualcomm)
8.319 cellXica
8.320 cellXion
8.321 Celona
8.322 CelPlan Technologies
8.323 Centerline Communications
8.324 CENTRA Technology
8.325 CentralSquare Technologies
8.326 Ceragon Networks
8.327 Cerillion
8.328 CertusNet
8.329 CETC (China Electronics Technology Group Corporation)
8.330 CETIN Group
8.331 CEVA
8.332 CGI
8.333 Challenge Networks (Vocus)
8.334 Charter Communications
8.335 Cheerzing (Xiamen Cheerzing IoT Technology)
8.336 Chelton
8.337 Chemring Technology Solutions
8.338 Chengdu NTS
8.339 China All Access
8.340 China Mobile
8.341 China Satcom (China Satellite Communications)
8.342 China Telecom
8.343 China Unicom
8.344 Chunghwa Telecom
8.345 Cibicom
8.346 CICT China Information and Communication Technology Group (China Xinke Group)
8.347 Ciena Corporation
8.348 CIG (Cambridge Industries Group)
8.349 CIO (Connected IO)
8.350 Cirpack
8.351 Cisco Systems
8.352 Citymesh (Cegeka/DIGI Communications)
8.353 CitySwitch
8.354 CKH IOD (CK Hutchison)
8.355 Clavister
8.356 Clever Logic
8.357 CloudMinds
8.358 CMIoT (China Mobile IoT)
8.359 Cobham
8.360 COCUS
8.361 Codan Communications
8.362 Codium Networks
8.363 Cogisys
8.364 Cognizant
8.365 Cohere Technologies
8.366 Coherent (Formerly II-VI)
8.367 Coherent Logix
8.368 Coiler Corporation
8.369 Collinear Networks (EOS Electro Optic Systems)
8.370 Collins Aerospace (RTX Corporation)
8.371 Colt Technology Services
8.372 Com4 (Wireless Logic Group)
8.373 Comander (ANDRA)
8.374 Comarch
8.375 Comba Telecom
8.376 Combain Mobile
8.377 Comcast Corporation
8.378 Comcores
8.379 Comfone
8.380 COMLAB
8.381 CommAgility (E-Space)
8.382 CommandWear Systems
8.383 Commnet Wireless (ATN International)
8.384 Comms365
8.385 CommScope
8.386 Compal Electronics
8.387 Comprod
8.388 Comptek Technologies (Aero Wireless Group)
8.389 Comrod Communication Group
8.390 COMSovereign
8.391 Comtech Telecommunications Corporation
8.392 Comtest Wireless
8.393 Comtrend Corporation
8.394 Comviva (Tech Mahindra)
8.395 CONET Technologies
8.396 CONEXIO Corporation
8.397 CONGIV (ROBUR Industry Service Group)
8.398 Connect Tech
8.399 Connect44 Group
8.400 Connectivity Wireless Solutions (M/C Partners)
8.401 Consort Digital
8.402 Contela
8.403 Coolpad
8.404 CopaSAT
8.405 coreNOC
8.406 Cornerstone (CTIL)
8.407 Cornet Technology
8.408 Corning
8.409 Cortina Access
8.410 Cosemi Technologies
8.411 COSMOTE (OTE Group)
8.412 Council Rock
8.413 Coweaver
8.414 Cox Communications
8.415 Cradlepoint (Ericsson)
8.416 Creanord
8.417 CrisisGo
8.418 CROSSCALL
8.419 Crown Castle International Corporation
8.420 CRSC (China Railway Signal & Communication Corporation)/CASCO Signal
8.421 CS Corporation
8.422 CSG Systems International
8.423 CTG (Celestia Technologies Group)
8.424 CTL
8.425 CTS (Communication Technology Services)
8.426 CTS Corporation
8.427 Cubic Corporation
8.428 Cubic Telecom
8.429 Cumucore
8.430 Custom MMIC
8.431 CybertelBridge 1000
8.432 Cyient 1001
8.433 Cyrus Technology 1002
8.434 D2 Technologies 1003
8.435 DAEL Group 1004
8.436 Daeyoun System Company 1005
8.437 Dahua Technology 1006
8.438 Dali Wireless 1007
8.439 DAMM Cellular Systems 1008
8.440 DATACOM 1009
8.441 DataSoft 1010
8.442 DBcom 1011
8.443 dbSpectra 1012
8.444 DeepSig 1013
8.445 Dejero Labs 1014
8.446 DEKRA 1015
8.447 Dell Technologies 1016
8.448 Delta Electronics 1017
8.449 DENGYO (Nihon Dengyo Kosaku) 1018
8.450 Dense Air (SIP Sidewalk Infrastructure Partners) 1019
8.451 Deutsche Funkturm 1020
8.452 DGS (Digital Global Systems) 1021
8.453 Dialogic 1022
8.454 Diamond Communications 1023
8.455 Digi International 1024
8.456 Digicert 1025
8.457 Digis Squared 1026
8.458 Digita (DigitalBridge Group) 1027
8.459 Digital Ally 1028
8.460 Digital Enhancement 1029
8.461 DigitalBridge Group 1030
8.462 DigitalRoute 1031
8.463 Digitata 1032
8.464 DigitGate (Nanjing DigitGate Communication Technology) 1033
8.465 Dimetor 1034
8.466 DISH Network Corporation 1035
8.467 DKK (Denki Kogyo) 1036
8.468 D-Link Corporation 1037
8.469 DMI 1038
8.470 Doodle Labs 1039
8.471 Doogee 1040
8.472 Doosan Corporation 1041
8.473 DragonWave-X (COMSovereign) 1042
8.474 Drakontas 1043
8.475 DriveNets 1044
8.476 Drone Aviation (COMSovereign) 1045
8.477 DroneSense 1046
8.478 Druid Software 1047
8.479 DSBJ (Suzhou Dongshan Precision Manufacturing) 1048
8.480 DT (Deutsche Telekom) 1049
8.481 DTAC (Total Access Communication) 1050
8.482 du (EITC Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company) 1051
8.483 Duons 1052
8.484 Durabook (Twinhead International Corporation) 1053
8.485 Duubee 1054
8.486 DZS 1055
8.487 Eahison Communication 1056
8.488 EANTC 1057
8.489 Eastcom (Eastern Communications) 1058
8.490 Easycom (Shenzhen Easycom Electronics) 1059
8.491 E-Band Communications (Axxcss Wireless Solutions) 1060
8.492 e-BO Enterprises 1061
8.493 ECE (European Communications Engineering) 1062
8.494 EchoStar Corporation 1063
8.495 Ecom Instruments (Pepperl+Fuchs) 1064
8.496 Ecrio 1065
8.497 Edgecore Networks (Accton Technology Corporation) 1066
8.498 EdgeQ 1067
8.499 Edgybees 1068
8.500 edotco Group (Axiata Group) 1069
8.501 EDX Wireless 1070
8.502 Effnet 1071
8.503 Eigencomm 1072
8.504 eino 1073
8.505 EION Wireless 1074
8.506 Eir (Eircom) 1075
8.507 Ekinops 1076
8.508 Elbit Systems 1077
8.509 Elefante Group 1078
8.510 Element Materials Technology 1079
8.511 E-Lins Technology 1080
8.512 Elisa 1081
8.513 Elisa Polystar 1082
8.514 Elistair 1083
8.515 Elsight 1084
8.516 Elta Systems (IAI Israel Aerospace Industries) 1085
8.517 Eltex 1086
8.518 ELUON Corporation 1087
8.519 ELVA-1 1088
8.520 Emblasoft 1089
8.521 Embraer 1090
8.522 Embratel 1091
8.523 Emerson 1092
8.524 EMnify 1093
8.525 EMS (Electronic Media Services) 1094
8.526 Encore Networks 1095
8.527 Endress+Hauser 1096
8.528 Enea 1097
8.529 ENENSYS Technologies 1098
8.530 Energizer Mobile (Avenir Telecom) 1099
8.531 EnerSys 1100
8.532 Entel (United Kingdom) 1101
8.533 Entropia 1102
8.534 Entropy Solution 1103
8.535 Eoptolink Technology 1104
8.536 Epiroc 1105
8.537 Equiendo 1106
8.538 Eravant (SAGE Millimeter) 1107
8.539 Ericsson 1108
8.540 Errigal 1110
8.541 ErvoCom 1111
8.542 Eseye 1112
8.543 Esharah Etisalat Security Solutions 1113
8.544 E-Space 1114
8.545 Estalky (K-Mobile Technology) 1115
8.546 ETELM 1116
8.547 eTera (Sinotech R&D Group) 1117
8.548 Ethernity Networks 1118
8.549 Etherstack 1119
8.550 Etisalat Group (e&) 1120
8.551 ETRI (Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea) 1121
8.552 Etteplan 1122
8.553 EUCAST 1123
8.554 Eurofins E&E (Electrical and Electronics) 1124
8.555 Eurotech 1125
8.556 Eutelsat Group 1126
8.557 Eventide Communications 1127
8.558 Evolve Cellular 1128
8.559 Exacom 1129
8.560 Exaware 1130
8.561 Excelerate Technology 1131
8.562 EXFO 1132
8.563 Exium 1133
8.564 Expandium 1134
8.565 Expeto 1135
8.566 Extenet (DigitalBridge Group) 1136
8.567 Extreme Networks 1137
8.568 EY (Ernst & Young) 1138
8.569 Eyecom Telecommunications Group 1139
8.570 EZcon Network 1140
8.571 F2G (Far-Together) Solutions 1141
8.572 F5 1142
8.573 Fairspectrum 1143
8.574 Fairwaves 1144
8.575 Faraday Technology Corporation 1145
8.576 Fastback Networks (COMSovereign) 1146
8.577 FCNT (Fujitsu Connected Technologies)-JEMS (Japan EM Solutions) 1147
8.578 Federal Engineering 1148
8.579 Federated Wireless 1149
8.580 Fenix Group (Nokia) 1150
8.581 Festo 1151
8.582 FET (Far EasTone Telecommunications) 1152
8.583 FIBERSTAMP 1153
8.584 Fibocom 1154
8.585 Fibrolan 1155
8.586 Filtronic 1156
8.587 Fingu (Wuhan Fingu Electronic Technology) 1157
8.588 Fiplex Communications (Honeywell International) 1158
8.589 Firecell 1159
8.590 Fivecomm 1160
8.591 Flash Networks 1161
8.592 Flash Private Mobile Networks 1162
8.593 Flectory 1163
8.594 Fleet Complete 1164
8.595 Flex 1165
8.596 Flex Logix Technologies 1166
8.597 Flightcell International 1167
8.598 FLIR Systems 1168
8.599 floLIVE 1169
8.600 Flymotion 1170
8.601 FMBE (FMB Engineering) 1171
8.602 Forsk 1172
8.603 Fortinet 1173
8.604 Fortress Solutions 1174
8.605 Four-Faith Communication Technology 1175
8.606 Foxconn (Hon Hai Technology Group) 1176
8.607 Franklin Wireless 1177
8.608 Fraunhofer FOKUS (Institute for Open Communication Systems) 1178
8.609 Fraunhofer HHI (Heinrich Hertz Institute) 1179
8.610 Fraunhofer IIS (Institute for Integrated Circuits) 1180
8.611 Fraunhofer IPT (Institute for Production Technology) 1181
8.612 FreedomFi 1182
8.613 Freeeway 1183
8.614 Frequentis 1184
8.615 Freshwave Group (DigitalBridge Group) 1185
8.616 Frog Cellsat 1186
8.617 FRTek 1187
8.618 FSG (Field Solutions Group) 1188
8.619 FTS Formula Telecom Solutions (Magic Software Group) 1189
8.620 Fujikura 1190
8.621 Fujitsu 1191
8.622 Funk-Electronic Piciorgros 1192
8.623 Funkwerk 1193
8.624 Furukawa Electric 1194
8.625 Furuno Electric 1195
8.626 Future Technologies Venture 1196
8.627 G REIGNS (HTC Corporation) 1197
8.628 G+D (Giesecke+Devrient) 1198
8.629 G3 Global 1199
8.630 Galtronics (Baylin Technologies) 1200
8.631 Gamma Nu 1201
8.632 Gapwaves 1202
8.633 Garderos 1203
8.634 Gazprom Space Systems 1204
8.635 GCT Semiconductor 1205
8.636 GD (General Devices) 1206
8.637 GE (General Electric) 1207
8.638 Gemtek Technology 1208
8.639 General Dynamics 1209
8.640 Genesis Group 1210
8.641 GENEViSiO (QNAP Systems) 1211
8.642 Genew Technologies 1212
8.643 Genmix Technology 1213
8.644 Geotab 1214
8.645 GeoTraq 1215
8.646 Getac Technology Corporation 1216
8.647 Gewei (Wuhan Gewei Electronic Technology) 1217
8.648 GF (GlobalFoundries) 1218
8.649 GIGABYTE Technology 1219
8.650 Gigalane 1220
8.651 GIGALIGHT 1221
8.652 Gigamon 1222
8.653 GigaTera Communications (KMW) 1223
8.654 GigSky 1224
8.655 Gilat Satellite Networks 1225
8.656 GL Communications 1226
8.657 Global Telecom 1227
8.658 Globalgig 1228
8.659 Globalstar 1229
8.660 Globe Telecom 1231
8.661 Gogo Business Aviation 1232
8.662 Goodman Telecom Services 1233
8.663 Goodmill Systems 1234
8.664 Google (Alphabet) 1235
8.665 Goosetown Communications 1236
8.666 Gore (W. L. Gore & Associates) 1237
8.667 GosuncnWelink Technology (Gosuncn Group) 1238
8.668 Granite Telecommunications 1239
8.669 Grape One (Sumitomo Corporation) 1240
8.670 Green Communications 1241
8.671 Green Packet 1242
8.672 Greenet (Netherlands) 1243
8.673 GreenPalm (Hangzhou GreenPalm Technology) 1244
8.674 GrenTech 1245
8.675 GridGears 1246
8.676 Groundhog Technologies 1247
8.677 GroupTalk 1248
8.678 GS Lab (Great Software Laboratory) 1249
8.679 GSI (GS Instech)/GST (GS Teletech) 1250
8.680 Guavus (Thales) 1251
8.681 Guerrilla RF 1252
8.682 GXC (Formerly GenXComm) 1253
8.683 HAAS Alert 1254
8.684 Haier 1255
8.685 Haivision 1256
8.686 Halys 1257
8.687 Hancom MDS 1258
8.688 Handheld Group 1259
8.689 Handsfree Group 1260
8.690 Hansen Technologies 1261
8.691 Hanswell 1262
8.692 Hanwha Techwin 1263
8.693 HAPSMobile 1264
8.694 Harbor Max 1265
8.695 HARMAN DTS (Digital Transformation Solutions) 1266
8.696 HARTING 1267
8.697 Harvilon (Shenzhen Harvilon Technology) 1268
8.698 Hawk Networks (Althea) 1269
8.699 Haystax Technology (Fishtech Group/Cyderes) 1270
8.700 HBFEC (Hebei Far East Communication System Engineering) 1271
8.701 HCL Technologies 1272
8.702 Helios (Fujian Helios Technologies) 1273
8.703 Hengxin (Jiangsu Hengxin Technology) 1274
8.704 Henkel 1275
8.705 Herystorm (Guangzhou Herystorm Technology) 1276
8.706 Hexagon 1277
8.707 Hexagon Communication (Suzhou Hexagon Communication Technologies) 1278
8.708 HFCL 1279
8.709 HFR Networks 1280
8.710 HG Genuine (HGTECH Huagong Technology) 1281
8.711 Highstreet Technologies 1282
8.712 Hikvision (Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology) 1283
8.713 Hilinks Technology 1284
8.714 HipLink Software 1285
8.715 Hisense 1286
8.716 HiSilicon Technologies (Huawei) 1287
8.717 HISPASAT 1288
8.718 Hitachi 1289
8.719 HKT (PCCW) 1290
8.720 HKTech (Howking Tech) 1291
8.721 HLS (HARD-LINE Solutions) 1292
8.722 HMD Global 1293
8.723 HMF Smart Solutions 1294
8.724 HMS Networks 1295
8.725 Hoimyung ICT 1296
8.726 Hologram 1297
8.727 Honeywell International 1298
8.728 Hongdian Corporation 1299
8.729 HONOR 1300
8.730 Horizon Powered 1301
8.731 Hoverfly Technologies 1302
8.732 HP 1303
8.733 HPE (Hewlett Packard Enterprise) 1304
8.734 HQT (Shenzhen HQT Science and Technology) 1305
8.735 HSC (Hughes Systique Corporation) 1306
8.736 HTC Corporation 1307
8.737 Huahuan (Beijing Huahuan Electronics) 1308
8.738 Huaptec 1309
8.739 Huawei 1310
8.740 HUBER+SUHNER 1312
8.741 HUCOM Wireless 1313
8.742 Hughes Network Systems (EchoStar Corporation) 1314
8.743 HXI (Renaissance Electronics & Communications) 1315
8.744 Hypha (Wireless Innovation) 1316
8.745 Hytec Inter 1317
8.746 Hytera Communications 1318
8.747 i.safe MOBILE 1320
8.748 i2i Systems 1321
8.749 iBASIS (Tofane Global) 1322
8.750 IBM 1323
8.751 IBO Technology Company 1324
8.752 iBwave Solutions 1325
8.753 iCana (Foxconn Hon Hai Technology Group) 1326
8.754 Ice Norway (Lyse) 1327
8.755 Icom 1328
8.756 Iconec 1329
8.757 iConNext 1330
8.758 iDAQS 1331
8.759 IDEMIA 1332
8.760 IDY Corporation 1333
8.761 IFLY Electronics 1334
8.762 ifm 1335
8.763 IIJ (Internet Initiative Japan) 1336
8.764 IM Technology 1337
8.765 Imec 1338
8.766 IMPTT 1339
8.767 InCoax Networks 1340
8.768 Indra 1341
8.769 iNET (Infrastructure Networks) 1342
8.770 INEX Microtechnology 1343
8.771 Infineon Technologies 1344
8.772 Infinera 1345
8.773 InfiNet Wireless 1346
8.774 InfiniG 1347
8.775 Infinite Electronics 1348
8.776 Infomark Corporation 1349
8.777 Infosys 1350
8.778 Infovista 1351
8.779 InHand Networks 1352
8.780 Inmanta 1353
8.781 Inmarsat (Viasat) 1354
8.782 Innertron 1355
8.783 InnoGence Technology (TROY Information) 1356
8.784 InnoLight Technology 1357
8.785 Innonet 1358
8.786 Innovile 1359
8.787 InnoWireless 1360
8.788 Inrico Technologies 1361
8.789 Inseego Corporation 1362
8.790 Inspur 1363
8.791 Insta Group 1364
8.792 Instant Connect 1365
8.793 INSYS icom (INSYS Microelectronics) 1366
8.794 Intec E&C 1367
8.795 Intel Corporation 1368
8.796 Intelbras 1369
8.797 Intelliport Solutions 1370
8.798 Intelsat 1371
8.799 Intenna Systems 1372
8.800 InterDigital 1373
8.801 INTERLEV 1374
8.802 Interop Technologies 1375
8.803 InterTalk Critical Information Systems 1376
8.804 Intracom Telecom 1377
8.805 Intrado Corporation 1378
8.806 Intrepid Networks 1379
8.807 Inventec Corporation 1380
8.808 INWIT (Infrastrutture Wireless Italiane) 1381
8.809 IoT4Net 1382
8.810 IoTAS (IoT & Approval Solutions) 1383
8.811 IP Infusion (ACCESS CO.) 1384
8.812 IPAGEON 1385
8.813 IPITEK (Integrated Photonics Technology) 1386
8.814 IPLOOK Technologies 1387
8.815 iPosi 1388
8.816 Iradio Electronics 1389
8.817 Iridium Communications 1390
8.818 Irteya (Russia) 1391
8.819 ISCO International 1392
8.820 IS-Wireless 1393
8.821 Italtel 1394
8.822 ITCEN 1395
8.823 ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan) 1396
8.824 Itron 1397
8.825 IWT (Innovative Wireless Technologies) 1398
8.826 Jabil 1399
8.827 JACS Solutions 1400
8.828 JATONTEC (Jaton Technology) 1401
8.829 JCI (Japan Communications Inc.) 1402
8.830 JET Connectivity 1403
8.831 Jezetek (Sichuan Jiuzhou Electric Group) 1404
8.832 Jiaxun Feihong (Beijing Jiaxun Feihong Electrical) 1405
8.833 Jinan USR IoT Technology (Mokuai/Wenheng) 1406
8.834 JIT (JI Technology) 1407
8.835 JMA Wireless 1408
8.836 Johnson Controls 1409
8.837 JOUAV 1410
8.838 JPC Connectivity 1411
8.839 JPS Interoperability Solutions 1412
8.840 JQL Technologies 1413
8.841 JRC (Japan Radio Company) 1414
8.842 JSC Ingenium 1416
8.843 JT IoT 1417
8.844 Juniper Networks (HPE Hewlett Packard Enterprise) 1418
8.845 Junkosha 1419
8.846 Juvare 1420
8.847 JVCKENWOOD Corporation 1421
8.848 Kacific Broadband Satellites 1422
8.849 Kaelus 1423
8.850 Kaifa (Shenzen Kaifa Technology) 1424
8.851 Kajeet 1425
8.852 Kalmar (Cargotec) 1426
8.853 Kaloom 1427
8.854 Kalray 1428
8.855 Katela Networks 1429
8.856 KATIM 1430
8.857 KBR 1431
8.858 KBT (Kenbotong Technology) 1432
8.859 KDDI Corporation 1433
8.860 Key Bridge Wireless 1434
8.861 Keysight Technologies 1435
8.862 Khomp 1436
8.863 Kiana Analytics 1437
8.864 Kigen 1438
8.865 Kindroid Shanghai Jinzhuo Technology (Kyland Technology) 1439
8.866 Kirisun Communications 1440
8.867 Kisan Telecom 1441
8.868 KLA Laboratories 1442
8.869 Klas Telecom 1443
8.870 Klein Electronics 1444
8.871 Kleos 1445
8.872 KMW 1446
8.873 Knightscope 1447
8.874 Kolibri Systems 1448
8.875 Komatsu 1449
8.876 Konecranes 1450
8.877 Kontron 1451
8.878 KORE Wireless 1452
8.879 KPN 1453
8.880 KT Corporation 1454
8.881 Kudelski Group 1455
8.882 KUKA 1456
8.883 Kumu Networks 1457
8.884 K-Won/Hunter Technology 1458
8.885 Kyland Technology 1459
8.886 Kymeta Corporation 1460
8.887 Kyndryl 1461
8.888 Kyocera Corporation 1462
8.889 Kyrio (CableLabs) 1463
8.890 KZ TECH (KZ Broadband Technologies) 1464
8.891 L3Harris Technologies 1465
8.892 Laird Connectivity 1466
8.893 Landis+Gyr 1467
8.894 Landmark Dividend (DigitalBridge Group) 1468
8.895 Lanner Electronics 1469
8.896 Lantronix 1470
8.897 Lattice Semiconductor 1471
8.898 LCR Embedded Systems 1472
8.899 Leenos Corporation 1473
8.900 Leidos 1474
8.901 Lekha Wireless Solutions 1475
8.902 Lemko Corporation 1476
8.903 Lenovo 1477
8.904 Leonardo 1478
8.905 Lextrum (COMSovereign) 1479
8.906 LG Corporation 1480
8.907 LG Uplus 1481
8.908 Liberty Global 1482
8.909 Lierda Science & Technology Group 1483
8.910 Lifecycle Software 1484
8.911 Ligado Networks 1485
8.912 Lightron 1486
8.913 Lime Microsystems 1487
8.914 Lindsay Broadband 1488
8.915 Linkem 1489
8.916 Linksys 1490
8.917 Linx Technologies 1491
8.918 LIONS Technology 1492
8.919 LIS (Laboratory of Infocommunication Networks) 1493
8.920 Lisheng Fujian Communications 1494
8.921 LITE-ON Technology Corporation 1495
8.922 LitePoint (Teradyne) 1496
8.923 LiveU 1497
8.924 Lociva 1498
8.925 Lockheed Martin Corporation 1499
8.926 Logicalis (Datatec) 1500
8.927 LogicTree IT Solutions 1501
8.928 Longsung Technology (Sunsea AIoT Technology) 1502
8.929 Lookout 1503
8.930 LS Mtron 1504
8.931 LS telcom 1505
8.932 LTTS (L&T Technology Services) 1506
8.933 Luceor 1507
8.934 Lumen Technologies 1508
8.935 Lumentum 1509
8.936 Lumineye 1510
8.937 LuxCarta 1511
8.938 Luxoft (DXC Technology) 1512
8.939 Lyfo 1513
8.940 Lynk Global 1514
8.941 M1 1515
8.942 m3connect 1516
8.943 M4PS (Mobility 4 Public Safety) 1517
8.944 MACOM 1518
8.945 Magnaquest Technologies 1519
8.946 Maipu Communication Technology 1520
8.947 Maja Systems 1521
8.948 MantisNet 1522
8.949 MarchNet 1523
8.950 Marlink 1524
8.951 Marquistech 1525
8.952 Martin UAV 1526
8.953 Marubeni Corporation 1527
8.954 Marubun Corporation 1528
8.955 Marvell Technology 1529
8.956 MASMOVIL 1530
8.957 Mathworks 1531
8.958 Matrix Electronica/Webdyn (Flexitron Group) 1532
8.959 MATRIXX Software 1533
8.960 MatSing 1534
8.961 Maven Wireless 1535
8.962 Mavenir 1536
8.963 Maxar Technologies 1538
8.964 MaxComm 1539
8.965 Maxis 1540
8.966 MaxLinear 1541
8.967 MC Technologies 1542
8.968 MCLabs 1543
8.969 MCP (Mission Critical Partners) 1544
8.970 MCS Benelux 1545
8.971 MD (MICRODRIVE) 1546
8.972 Mdex (Wireless Logic Group) 1547
8.973 MEASAT Satellite Systems 1548
8.974 MECSware 1549
8.975 Media Broadcast (freenet Group) 1550
8.976 MediaTek 1551
8.977 Meeami Technologies 1552
8.978 MegaChips Corporation 1553
8.979 MegaFon 1554
8.980 Meglab (Epiroc) 1555
8.981 MeiG Smart Technology 1556
8.982 Meizu 1557
8.983 Mentura Group 1558
8.984 MER Group 1559
8.985 Meta 1560
8.986 Metanoia Communications 1561
8.987 Metaswitch Networks (Microsoft Corporation) 1562
8.988 Metawave Corporation 1563
8.989 Metismake 1564
8.990 MetTel 1565
8.991 MHD (Muhan Digital) 1566
8.992 MIC Nordic 1567
8.993 MICAS-RF (MICAS Shenzhen Telecommunication) 1568
8.994 MiCOM Labs 1569
8.995 Micran 1570
8.996 Microamp Solutions 1571
8.997 Microchip Technology 1572
8.998 Microlab (RF Industries) 1573
8.999 MicroNova 1574
8.1000 Microsoft Corporation 1575
8.1001 Microwave Networks 1576
8.1002 MikroTik 1577
8.1003 Mikwave (Guangdong Mikwave Communication Tech) 1578
8.1004 Milesight 1579
8.1005 Milestone Systems 1580
8.1006 Miliwave 1581
8.1007 MiMOMax (Ubiik) 1582
8.1008 MIPS 1583
8.1009 MiTAC Computing Technology Corporation 1584
8.1010 MitraStar Technology (Unizyx Holding Corporation) 1585
8.1011 MITRE Corporation 1586
8.1012 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 1587
8.1013 MKI (Mitsui Knowledge Industry) 1588
8.1014 MOBI (Mobi Antenna Technologies) 1589
8.1015 Mobil Group (Russia) 1590
8.1016 Mobile Inform Group 1591
8.1017 Mobile Mark 1592
8.1018 Mobile Tornado 1593
8.1019 Mobile Viewpoint 1594
8.1020 MobileComm Professionals (UST) 1595
8.1021 MobileDemand 1596
8.1022 MobileIron 1597
8.1023 MobileTek (Shanghai Mobiletek Communication) 1598
8.1024 Mobileum 1599
8.1025 Mobilicom 1600
8.1026 Mobiveil 1601
8.1027 Modular Mining Systems (Komatsu) 1602
8.1028 Molex 1603
8.1029 Monogoto 1604
8.1030 Morningcore Technology (CICT China Information and Communication Technology Group) 1605
8.1031 Morningstar Corporation 1606
8.1032 Moseley Associates (Axxcss Wireless Solutions) 1607
8.1033 MosoLabs (Sercomm Corporation) 1608
8.1034 Motive Infrastructure Solutions 1609
8.1035 Motorola Mobility (Lenovo) 1610
8.1036 Motorola Solutions 1611
8.1037 Mott MacDonald 1612
8.1038 Movandi 1613
8.1039 Moxa 1614
8.1040 MP Antenna 1615
8.1041 MRK Media 1616
8.1042 MRT Technology (Suzhou) 1617
8.1043 MSB (M S Benbow & Associates) 1618
8.1044 MST Global Mine Site Technologies (Komatsu) 1619
8.1045 MTI (Microelectronics Technology Inc.) 1620
8.1046 MTI Wireless Edge 1621
8.1047 MTN Group 1622
8.1048 MTS (Mobile TeleSystems) 1623
8.1049 MUGLER 1624
8.1050 MultiTech (Multi-Tech Systems) 1625
8.1051 Murata Manufacturing 1626
8.1052 Mushroom Networks 1627
8.1053 Mutualink 1628
8.1054 MVI Group 1629
8.1055 MW (Matrix Wave) 1630
8.1056 MYCOM OSI 1631
8.1057 Mynaric 1632
8.1058 MYT Electronics 1633
8.1059 N.A.T. 1634
8.1060 Nable Communications 1635
8.1061 NanoSemi (MaxLinear) 1636
8.1062 Napatech 1637
8.1063 Nash Technologies 1638
8.1064 Nearby Computing 1639
8.1065 NEC Corporation 1640
8.1066 Nemergent Solutions 1642
8.1067 Nemko 1643
8.1068 Neolink Communications Technology 1644
8.1069 NeoPlane 1645
8.1070 Neoway Technology 1646
8.1071 Neptune Communications 1647
8.1072 Neragon Networks 1648
8.1073 Net AI 1649
8.1074 Netas 1650
8.1075 NETBEE (NET-Automation) 1651
8.1076 NetCity (GEOS Telecom/GEOS Holding) 1652
8.1077 Netcracker Technology (NEC Corporation) 1653
8.1078 NetFoundry 1654
8.1079 Netgear 1655
8.1080 NetModule (Belden) 1656
8.1081 Netmore Group 1657
8.1082 NETSCOUT Systems 1658
8.1083 Netsia (Argela) 1659
8.1084 Netvision Telecom 1660
8.1085 Neutral Wireless 1661
8.1086 Neutroon Technologies 1662
8.1087 New H3C Technologies (Tsinghua Unigroup) 1663
8.1088 New Postcom Equipment 1664
8.1089 NewEdge Signal Solutions 1665
8.1090 NEXCOM International 1666
8.1091 Nexign 1667
8.1092 Nexpring 1668
8.1093 NextEPC Korea (COONTEC) 1669
8.1094 Nextivity 1670
8.1095 NextNav 1671
8.1096 NextWave 1672
8.1097 Nextworks 1673
8.1098 ng4T 1674
8.1099 NGK Group (NGK Insulators) 1675
8.1100 ng-voice 1676
8.1101 NI (National Instruments) 1677
8.1102 NICE 1678
8.1103 NimbeLink 1679
8.1104 Niral Networks 1680
8.1105 Nitto Denko Corporation 1681
8.1106 NKG (New Kinpo Group) 1682
8.1107 Node-H 1683
8.1108 Nokia 1684
8.1109 Nomad Digital (Alstom) 1686
8.1110 Nordic Semiconductor 1687
8.1111 Northrop Grumman Corporation 1688
8.1112 NOTION Information Technology 1689
8.1113 Nova Labs (Helium) 1690
8.1114 NOVEC 1691
8.1115 NOVELSAT 1692
8.1116 NRB (Network Research Belgium) 1693
8.1117 NS Solutions Corporation 1694
8.1118 Nsight 1695
8.1119 NT (National Telecom) 1696
8.1120 NTC Corporation (Japan) 1697
8.1121 NTMore (Network Technology More) 1698
8.1122 NTT DoCoMo 1699
8.1123 NTT Group 1700
8.1124 Nubia Technology (ZTE) 1701
8.1125 NuRAN Wireless 1702
8.1126 Nurlink Technology 1703
8.1127 NVIDIA Corporation 1704
8.1128 NXP Semiconductors 1705
8.1129 Oasis Smart SIM 1706
8.1130 Obvios 1707
8.1131 Ocado Technology 1708
8.1132 Oceus Networks 1709
8.1133 Octasic 1710
8.1134 O-Cubes 1711
8.1135 ODN (Orbital Data Network) 1712
8.1136 OE Solutions 1713
8.1137 OFS Fitel (Furukawa Electric) 1714
8.1138 OKI Electric Industry 1715
8.1139 Omnispace 1716
8.1140 Omnitele 1717
8.1141 Omnitron Systems 1718
8.1142 Omnitronics 1719
8.1143 One2many (Everbridge) 1720
8.1144 OneLayer 1721
8.1145 OnePlus (BBK Electronics) 1722
8.1146 OneSimCard 1723
8.1147 OneWeb (Eutelsat Group) 1724
8.1148 Onomondo 1725
8.1149 Ontix 1726
8.1150 Onwave 1727
8.1151 Ooredoo 1728
8.1152 Opanga Networks 1729
8.1153 Open Valley 1730
8.1154 Opencode Systems 1731
8.1155 Openet (Amdocs) 1732
8.1156 OPPO (BBK Electronics) 1733
8.1157 O'Prueba Technology 1734
8.1158 OPTAGE 1735
8.1159 OptConnect 1736
8.1160 Optical Zonu Corporation 1737
8.1161 Opticoms 1738
8.1162 Option 1739
8.1163 Optiva 1740
8.1164 OQ Technology 1741
8.1165 Oracle Communications 1742
8.1166 Orange 1743
8.1167 ORBCOMM 1744
8.1168 Ori Industries 1745
8.1169 Orion Labs 1746
8.1170 Oscilloquartz (Adtran) 1747
8.1171 OV (Manx Telecom) 1748
8.1172 OVHcloud 1749
8.1173 P.I. Works 1750
8.1174 PacStar (Pacific Star Communications) 1751
8.1175 Padtec 1752
8.1176 Palo Alto Networks 1753
8.1177 Panasonic Connect 1754
8.1178 Panda Electronics 1755
8.1179 PanOptis 1756
8.1180 Panorama Antennas 1757
8.1181 Parallel Wireless 1758
8.1182 Parsec Technologies 1759
8.1183 Particle 1760
8.1184 PAStech 1761
8.1185 Patrocinium Systems 1762
8.1186 Patton 1763
8.1187 Pavlov Media 1764
8.1188 PBE Axell (Formerly Axell Wireless) 1765
8.1189 PCS Technologies 1766
8.1190 PCTEL (Amphenol Corporation) 1767
8.1191 PCTEST Lab (PCTEST Engineering Laboratory) 1768
8.1192 Peatalk Corporation 1769
8.1193 Pegatron Corporation 1770
8.1194 Pei Tel Communications 1771
8.1195 Pelion 1772
8.1196 Penguin Solutions (SGH SMART Global Holdings) 1773
8.1197 Pente Networks 1774
8.1198 Pentonet 1775
8.1199 Peplink (Plover Bay Technologies) 1776
8.1200 Pepperl+Fuchs 1777
8.1201 Pepro 1778
8.1202 Peraso 1779
8.1203 Peraton Labs 1780
8.1204 Percepto 1781
8.1205 Perle Systems 1782
8.1206 PGE Systemy (PGE Polish Energy Group) 1783
8.1207 Pharrowtech 1784
8.1208 Phirst Technologies/xCraft Enterprises 1785
8.1209 Phluido 1786
8.1210 Phoenix Contact 1787
8.1211 Phytium Technology (Tianjin Phytium Information Technology) 1788
8.1212 PHYTunes 1789
8.1213 Picocom 1790
8.1214 Pierson Wireless 1791
8.1215 Pivot Technology Services 1792
8.1216 Pivotal Commware 1793
8.1217 Pivotel Group 1794
8.1218 Pivotone 1795
8.1219 Pixavi (BARTEC) 1796
8.1220 Platform9 1797
8.1221 Pletronics 1798
8.1222 Plextek 1799
8.1223 Plintron 1800
8.1224 Plus (Polkomtel) 1801
8.1225 POCSTARS 1802
8.1226 Pod Group (G+D Giesecke+Devrient) 1803
8.1227 Polaris Networks (Motorola Solutions) 1804
8.1228 Polaris Wireless 1805
8.1229 Pollen Mobile 1806
8.1230 Positron Access Solutions 1807
8.1231 Potevio (CETC China Electronics Technology Group Corporation) 1808
8.1232 PPC (Power Plus Communications) 1809
8.1233 PPC Broadband (Belden) 1810
8.1234 Precision OT (Optical Transceivers) 1811
8.1235 PRESCOM 1812
8.1236 PrioCom 1813
8.1237 Proef 1814
8.1238 Proptivity 1815
8.1239 Proscend Communications 1816
8.1240 PROSE Technologies 1817
8.1241 PROTEI 1818
8.1242 Proxim Wireless Corporation (SRA Holdings) 1819
8.1243 Proximus 1820
8.1244 Pryme Radio Products 1821
8.1245 pSemi Corporation (Murata Manufacturing) 1822
8.1246 PT INTI (PT Industri Telekomunikasi Indonesia) 1823
8.1247 PT LEN Industri 1824
8.1248 PTC 1825
8.1249 Publicis Sapient 1826
8.1250 Puloli 1827
8.1251 Pulsara 1828
8.1252 Pulse Electronics (YAGEO Corporation) 1829
8.1253 PureSoftware 1830
8.1254 Pycom 1831
8.1255 PySENSE 1832
8.1256 QCT (Quanta Cloud Technology) 1833
8.1257 QinetiQ 1834
8.1258 Qorvo 1835
8.1259 QuadGen Wireless Solutions 1836
8.1260 Qualcomm 1837
8.1261 Quanta Computer 1838
8.1262 Quantum Wireless 1839
8.1263 Qucell Networks (InnoWireless) 1840
8.1264 Quectel Wireless Solutions 1841
8.1265 Quintel (Cirtek Holdings Philippines Corporation) 1842
8.1266 Qulsar (VIAVI Solutions) 1843
8.1267 Qwake Technologies 1844
8.1268 Qwilt 1845
8.1269 R Systems (Computaris International) 1846
8.1270 R3 Solutions 1847
8.1271 RACOM (Czech Republic) 1848
8.1272 RACOM Corporation 1849
8.1273 RAD 1850
8.1274 RADCOM 1851
8.1275 Radiall 1852
8.1276 Radio Gigabit 1853
8.1277 Radio IP Software 1854
8.1278 RadioMobile 1855
8.1279 Radisys (Reliance Industries) 1856
8.1280 RADTONICS 1857
8.1281 Radware 1858
8.1282 RADWIN 1859
8.1283 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems 1860
8.1284 Raisecom 1861
8.1285 Rajant Corporation 1862
8.1286 Rakon 1863
8.1287 Rakuten Symphony 1864
8.1288 RAKwireless 1865
8.1289 Range Networks (AMN Africa Mobile Networks) 1866
8.1290 Ranger Systems 1867
8.1291 Ranplan Wireless 1868
8.1292 Rapid.Space (Nexedi) 1869
8.1293 RapidDeploy 1870
8.1294 RapidSOS 1871
8.1295 Rapidtek Technologies 1872
8.1296 Rave Mobile Safety 1873
8.1297 Raycap 1874
8.1298 RCS Telecommunications 1875
8.1299 RCT (Remote Control Technologies) 1876
8.1300 Ready Wireless 1877
8.1301 Realme (BBK Electronics) 1878
8.1302 Red Hat (IBM) 1879
8.1303 Red Lion Controls (Spectris) 1880
8.1304 RED Technologies 1881
8.1305 RedZinc 1882
8.1306 Reliance Jio Infocomm (Jio Platforms) 1883
8.1307 REMEC Broadband Wireless Networks (Bridgewave Communications/SAGE SatCom) 1884
8.1308 Renesas Electronics Corporation 1885
8.1309 REPLY 1886
8.1310 Rescue 42 1887
8.1311 Responder Corp 1888
8.1312 RF Connect 1889
8.1313 RF DSP 1890
8.1314 RF Industries 1891
8.1315 RF MORECOM 1892
8.1316 RF Window 1893
8.1317 RF-Comm 1894
8.1318 RFHIC Corporation 1895
8.1319 RFI Technology Solutions (Tait Communications) 1896
8.1320 RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) 1897
8.1321 RFTech 1898
8.1322 Ribbon Communications 1899
8.1323 Ricon Mobile 1900
8.1324 RigNet (Viasat Energy Services) 1901
8.1325 RIMEDO Labs 1902
8.1326 Rivada Networks 1903
8.1327 Rivada Space Networks 1904
8.1328 RKTPL (RK Telesystem Private Limited) 1905
8.1329 Robert Bosch 1906
8.1330 Robin.io (Rakuten Symphony) 1907
8.1331 Robustel 1908
8.1332 Rogers Communications 1909
8.1333 Rogers Corporation 1910
8.1334 Rohde & Schwarz 1911
8.1335 Rohill 1912
8.1336 Rolling Wireless (Fibocom) 1913
8.1337 Rolloos (FMJ Group) 1914
8.1338 Rosenberger 1915
8.1339 Royole Corporation 1916
8.1340 RSCC (Russian Satellite Communications Company) 1917
8.1341 RSConnect 1918
8.1342 RTX A/S 1919
8.1343 RTX Corporation (Formerly Raytheon Technologies) 1920
8.1344 RTx Technology 1921
8.1345 RugGear 1922
8.1346 RuggON Corporation 1923
8.1347 Ruijie Networks 1924
8.1348 RunEL 1925
8.1349 Rushmere Technology 1926
8.1350 S&T Iskratel (Kontron) 1927
8.1351 Saab 1928
8.1352 Saankhya Labs (Tejas Networks) 1929
8.1353 SABIC 1930
8.1354 SAC Wireless (Nokia) 1931
8.1355 SAE IT-Systems (LACROIX Group) 1932
8.1356 SAF Tehnika 1933
8.1357 Safe-Com Wireless 1934
8.1358 SafeMobile 1935
8.1359 Safran 1936
8.1360 Sagemcom 1937
8.1361 SageRAN (Guangzhou SageRAN Technology) 1938
8.1362 Saguna Networks (COMSovereign) 1939
8.1363 SAI Technology 1940
8.1364 SAIC (Science Applications International Corporation) 1941
8.1365 Samji Electronics 1942
8.1366 Samsung 1943
8.1367 SAMWON FA 1945
8.1368 Samyoung Celetra 1946
8.1369 Sandvik 1947
8.1370 Sandvine 1948
8.1371 Sanechips Technology (ZTE) 1949
8.1372 Sanjole 1950
8.1373 San-tron 1951
8.1374 Sanxing (Ningbo Sanxing Smart Electric) 1952
8.1375 Sasken Technologies 1953
8.1376 SaskTel 1954
8.1377 Sateliot 1955
8.1378 SatixFy 1956
8.1379 Saviah Technologies 1957
8.1380 Savox Communications 1958
8.1381 SBA Communications 1959
8.1382 Sceye 1960
8.1383 Schneider Electric 1961
8.1384 SEA Systems Engineering & Assessment (Cohort) 1962
8.1385 Seamless Waves 1963
8.1386 Sectra Communications 1964
8.1387 Secured Communications 1965
8.1388 SecureG 1966
8.1389 Select Spectrum 1967
8.1390 SEMPRE (Secure EMP-Resilient Edge) 1968
8.1391 Semtech Corporation 1969
8.1392 Senko Advanced Components 1970
8.1393 Sensorview 1971
8.1394 Senstar Corporation 1972
8.1395 Sensus (Xylem) 1973
8.1396 Sentient Energy (Koch Engineered Solutions) 1974
8.1397 Sentinel Camera Systems 1975
8.1398 Seong Ji Industrial 1976
8.1399 SEONTECH 1977
8.1400 Seowon Intech 1978
8.1401 Sepura 1979
8.1402 Sequans Communications 1980
8.1403 Sercomm Corporation 1981
8.1404 SES 1982
8.1405 SETUP Protokolltester 1983
8.1406 SGS 1984
8.1407 Shannon Wireless (Zhejiang Shannon Communication Technology) 1985
8.1408 Shared Access 1986
8.1409 Sharp Corporation (Foxconn Hon Hai Technology Group) 1987
8.1410 Shenglu (Guangdong Shenglu Telecommunication) 1988
8.1411 Shenzhen CXD Science & Technology 1989
8.1412 Shenzhen Recoda Technologies 1990
8.1413 SIAE Microelettronica 1991
8.1414 SICK 1992
8.1415 Siemens 1993
8.1416 Sierra Wireless (Semtech Corporation) 1994
8.1417 Sigma Wireless 1995
8.1418 Signal Information & Communication Corporation 1996
8.1419 Signalchip 1997
8.1420 Signalwing 1998
8.1421 Silicom Connectivity Solutions 1999
8.1422 Silicom SAS (France) 2000
8.1423 SIMCom Wireless Solutions (Sunsea AIoT Technology) 2001
8.1424 Simnovus 2002
8.1425 Simoco Wireless Solutions 2003
8.1426 Sinclair Technologies (Norsat International/Hytera Communications) 2004
8.1427 Singtel 2005
8.1428 Sinnwell (audius) 2006
8.1429 SIRADEL 2007
8.1430 SITA 2008
8.1431 siticom (Logicalis) 2009
8.1432 SiTime Corporation 2010
8.1433 SITRONICS (Sistema) 2011
8.1434 Sivers Semiconductors 2012
8.1435 Siyata Mobile 2013
8.1436 SK Telecom 2014
8.1437 SK Telesys 2015
8.1438 Skoltech (Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology) 2016
8.1439 SKY Perfect JSAT 2017
8.1440 SkyFive 2018
8.1441 Skylark Wireless 2019
8.1442 Skylo Technologies 2020
8.1443 Skytic Telecom 2021
8.1444 Skyvera (TelcoDR) 2022
8.1445 Skyworks Solutions 2023
8.1446 SLA Corporation 2024
8.1447 SM Optics (SIAE Microelettronica) 2025
8.1448 Smart Communications (PLDT) 2026
8.1449 Smart Mobile Labs 2027
8.1450 Smartfren 2028
8.1451 SmarTone 2029
8.1452 SmartSky Networks 2030
8.1453 SMAWave (Shanghai SMAWave Technology) 2031
8.1454 Socionext 2032
8.1455 SoftBank Group 2033
8.1456 Softil 2034
8.1457 Soitec 2035
8.1458 Solectek Corporation/Cielo Networks 2036
8.1459 SOLiD 2037
8.1460 Solidtronic 2038
8.1461 Soliton Systems 2039
8.1462 Sonim Technologies 2040
8.1463 Sony Group Corporation 2041
8.1464 Sooktha 2042
8.1465 Soracom 2043
8.1466 Source Photonics 2044
8.1467 Southern Linc 2045
8.1468 Space Data Corporation 2046
8.1469 SpaceBridge 2047
8.1470 Spacecom 2048
8.1471 SpaceX 2049
8.1472 Spark New Zealand 2050
8.1473 Spectra Group 2051
8.1474 SpectraRep 2052
8.1475 Spectre (Rostec) 2053
8.1476 Spectronite 2054
8.1477 Spectronn 2055
8.1478 Spectrum Effect 2056
8.1479 Speedcast 2057
8.1480 Spideradio (Suzhou Spideradio Telecommunication Technology) 2058
8.1481 SPIE Group 2059
8.1482 Spirent Communications 2060
8.1483 SPIRIT DSP 2061
8.1484 SPL (Stratospheric Platforms Limited) 2062
8.1485 Sporton International 2063
8.1486 SQUAN 2064
8.1487 Squire Technologies 2065
8.1488 SRS (Software Radio Systems) 2066
8.1489 SRTechnology 2067
8.1490 SSC (Shared Spectrum Company) 2068
8.1491 SSS Public Safety 2069
8.1492 ST (STMicroelectronics) 2070
8.1493 ST Engineering iDirect 2071
8.1494 Star Microwave 2072
8.1495 Star Solutions 2073
8.1496 StarHub 2074
8.1497 StarPoint (Beijing StarPoint Technology) 2075
8.1498 STC (Saudi Telecom Company) 2076
8.1499 Steep 2077
8.1500 STEP CG 2078
8.1501 STL (Sterlite Technologies Ltd.) 2079
8.1502 Stop Noise 2080
8.1503 sTraffic 2081
8.1504 Strata Worldwide 2082
8.1505 Streambox 2083
8.1506 Streamwide 2084
8.1507 Subex 2085
8.1508 Sumitomo Electric Industries 2086
8.1509 Summa Networks 2087
8.1510 Summit Tech 2088
8.1511 Sunsea AIoT Technology 2089
8.1512 Sunwave Communications 2090
8.1513 Supermicro (Super Micro Computer) 2091
8.1514 SureSite Consulting Group 2092
8.1515 SUSE 2093
8.1516 Swisscom 2094
8.1517 Swissphone 2095
8.1518 Sylincom (Beijing Sylincom Technology) 2096
8.1519 Synctechno 2097
8.1520 Syniverse 2098
8.1521 SYRTEM 2099
8.1522 Systech Corporation 2100
8.1523 System Innovation Group 2101
8.1524 Systemics-PAB 2102
8.1525 T&W (Shenzhen Gongjin Electronics) 2103
8.1526 T2M 2104
8.1527 TacSat Networks 2105
8.1528 Tait Communications 2106
8.1529 Taiwan Mobile 2107
8.1530 TAIYO YUDEN 2108
8.1531 Talia Communications (Commercis) 2109
8.1532 Talk-IP International 2110
8.1533 Talkpod Technology 2111
8.1534 Tambora Systems 2112
8.1535 Tampa Microwave (Thales) 2113
8.1536 Tampnet 2114
8.1537 Tango Networks 2115
8.1538 Tango Tango 2116
8.1539 Taoglas 2117
8.1540 Tarana Wireless 2118
8.1541 TASSTA 2119
8.1542 Tata Elxsi 2120
8.1543 Tatfook (Shenzhen Tatfook Technology) 2121
8.1544 TCL Communication 2122
8.1545 TCOM 2123
8.1546 TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) 2124
8.1547 TD Tech 2125
8.1548 TDC NET 2126
8.1549 TDCOMM 2127
8.1550 TE Connectivity 2128
8.1551 Teal Communications 2129
8.1552 Tech Mahindra 2130
8.1553 Techbros 2131
8.1554 Tecom 2132
8.1555 Tecore Networks 2133
8.1556 Tejas Networks 2134
8.1557 TEKTELIC Communications 2135
8.1558 Telco Systems (BATM Advanced Communications) 2136
8.1559 Telcoware 2137
8.1560 Teldat 2138
8.1561 Tele2 2139
8.1562 Tele2 Russia (Rostelecom) 2140
8.1563 Telecom26 2141
8.1564 Teleena (Tata Communications MOVE) 2142
8.1565 Telefield 2143
8.1566 Telefonica Group 2144
8.1567 Telekom Slovenije 2145
8.1568 Telenor Group 2146
8.1569 Telent 2147
8.1570 Telesat 2148
8.1571 Telespazio (Leonardo/Thales) 2149
8.1572 Teleste 2150
8.1573 teleSys Software 2151
8.1574 Telet Research 2152
8.1575 Televate 2153
8.1576 Telewave 2154
8.1577 TeleWorld Solutions (Samsung) 2155
8.1578 Telia Company 2156
8.1579 Telit Cinterion 2157
8.1580 Telkomsel 2158
8.1581 Tellabs 2159
8.1582 Tellion 2160
8.1583 Telna 2161
8.1584 TELNET Redes Inteligentes 2162
8.1585 TELOX (Telo Systems) 2163
8.1586 Telrad Networks 2164
8.1587 Telsasoft 2165
8.1588 Telstra 2166
8.1589 Teltonika 2167
8.1590 Teltronic (Hytera Communications) 2168
8.1591 Telus 2169
8.1592 TEOCO 2170
8.1593 Teracom 2171
8.1594 Teradek 2172
8.1595 TeraGo 2173
8.1596 Tera-Pass 2174
8.1597 Tessares 2175
8.1598 TESSCO Technologies/Ventev 2176
8.1599 Thaicom 2177
8.1600 Thales 2178
8.1601 ThinkRF 2179
8.1602 Three Group Solutions (CK Hutchison) 2180
8.1603 Thundercomm 2181
8.1604 TI (Texas Instruments) 2182
8.1605 Tianyi (Sichuan Tianyi Comheart Telecom) 2183
8.1606 Tibco Telecoms 2184
8.1607 TietoEVRY 2185
8.1608 Tillman Global Holdings 2186
8.1609 Tilson 2187
8.1610 TIL-TEK Antennae 2188
8.1611 TIM (Telecom Italia Mobile) 2189
8.1612 Titan ICT 2190
8.1613 Titan.ium Platform 2191
8.1614 TJ Innovation 2192
8.1615 TLC Solutions 2193
8.1616 TM (Telekom Malaysia) 2194
8.1617 T-Mobile US 2195
8.1618 TMYTEK (TMY Technology) 2196
8.1619 TNS (Transaction Network Services) 2197
8.1620 TO21COMMS 2198
8.1621 Tofane Global 2199
8.1622 TOKIE (Irvees Technology) 2200
8.1623 TOMIA 2201
8.1624 Tongyu Communication 2202
8.1625 Toshiba Corporation 2203
8.1626 Totogi 2204
8.1627 TowerJazz 2205
8.1628 TPG Telecom 2206
8.1629 TPL Systemes 2207
8.1630 TP-Link Technologies 2208
8.1631 Transatel (NTT Group) 2209
8.1632 TransPacket 2210
8.1633 Trialink (Russia) 2211
8.1634 TriaSys Technologies Corporation 2212
8.1635 TRIOPT 2213
8.1636 Triorail 2214
8.1637 Tropico (CPQD Center for Research and Development in Telecommunications, Brazil) 2215
8.1638 TrueMove H (True Corporation) 2216
8.1639 TRUMPF 2217
8.1640 Truphone 2218
8.1641 TRX Systems 2219
8.1642 TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) 2220
8.1643 Tsofun 2221
8.1644 TST Systems (Thorcom Systems/Sonic Communications/Tioga Electronic Assembly) 2222
8.1645 T-Systems International 2223
8.1646 TTG International 2224
8.1647 TTM Technologies 2225
8.1648 Tupl 2226
8.1649 Turk Telekom 2227
8.1650 Turkcell 2228
8.1651 TUSUR (Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics) 2229
8.1652 TUV SUD 2230
8.1653 Two Six Labs 2231
8.1654 Tyler Technologies 2232
8.1655 U.S. Cellular 2233
8.1656 UANGEL 2234
8.1657 UBCS 2235
8.1658 Ubicquia 2236
8.1659 Ubiik 2237
8.1660 UBiqube 2238
8.1661 Ubiquoss 2239
8.1662 Ubiwhere 2240
8.1663 U-Blox 2241
8.1664 Ucloudy (Shanghai Ucloudy Information Technology) 2242
8.1665 UCtel 2243
8.1666 UfiSpace 2244
8.1667 UL 2245
8.1668 ULAK Communication 2246
8.1669 Ultraband Technologies 2247
8.1670 UMC (United Microelectronics Corporation) 2248
8.1671 UMS (United Monolithic Semiconductors) 2249
8.1672 UNIMO Technology 2250
8.1673 UNISOC (Tsinghua Unigroup) 2251
8.1674 UniStrong 2252
8.1675 UNITAC Technology 2253
8.1676 UniTTEC 2254
8.1677 UROS 2255
8.1678 URSYS 2256
8.1679 US Digital Designs 2256
8.1680 USI (Universal Scientific Industrial) 2258
8.1681 Utility (Utility Associates) 2259
8.1682 Utility Connect (Alliander/Stedin) 2260
8.1683 UTStarcom 2261
8.1684 V&M (Venus & Mercury) Telecom 2262
8.1685 V5 Systems 2263
8.1686 Valid (Brazil) 2264
8.1687 Valid8 2265
8.1688 Vantage Towers 2266
8.1689 Vantiva (Formerly Technicolor) 2267
8.1690 Vanu 2268
8.1691 Vapor IO 2269
8.1692 Vavitel (Shenzhen Vavitel Technology) 2270
8.1693 VDI (Virginia Diodes, Inc.) 2271
8.1694 Vector Data 2272
8.1695 Veea 2273
8.1696 VEON 2274
8.1697 Verana Networks 2275
8.1698 Verizon Communications 2276
8.1699 Verkotan 2277
8.1700 Versa Networks 2278
8.1701 Vertel 2279
8.1702 Vertical Bridge (DigitalBridge Group) 2280
8.1703 Vertiv 2281
8.1704 Verveba Telecom 2282
8.1705 VHT (Viettel High Tech) 2283
8.1706 Viasat 2284
8.1707 VIAVI Solutions 2285
8.1708 VIDA Technologies 2286
8.1709 Vigilate 2287
8.1710 VinSmart (Vingroup) 2288
8.1711 Viper RF 2289
8.1712 Viprinet 2290
8.1713 ViPRO Corporation 2291
8.1714 Virtual Access (Westermo Network Technologies) 2292
8.1715 Virtusa Corporation 2293
8.1716 Vislink Technologies 2294
8.1717 Visual Labs 2295
8.1718 Vital (New Zealand) 2296
8.1719 VITES 2297
8.1720 Vivo (BBK Electronics) 2298
8.1721 VMware (Broadcom) 2299
8.1722 VNL Vihaan Networks Limited (Shyam Group) 2300
8.1723 Vodacom Group 2301
8.1724 Vodafone Group 2302
8.1725 VoerEir 2303
8.1726 VoiceAge Corporation 2304
8.1727 Voipfuture 2305
8.1728 Volvo CE (Construction Equipment) 2306
8.1729 Voxer 2307
8.1730 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland 2308
8.1731 Vubiq Networks 2309
8.1732 VVDN Technologies 2310
8.1733 WAGO 2311
8.1734 WAV4M 2312
8.1735 WAVE (AGC) 2313
8.1736 Wave1 2314
8.1737 Wave-In Communication 2315
8.1738 Wavelabs 2316
8.1739 Wavesight 2317
8.1740 Wavetel Technology 2318
8.1741 Waycare 2319
8.1742 WCCTV (Wireless CCTV) 2320
8.1743 WDNA (Wireless DNA) 2321
8.1744 Weaccess Group 2322
8.1745 WebRadar 2323
8.1746 Weidmuller 2324
8.1747 Welotec 2325
8.1748 Westell Technologies 2326
8.1749 Wevercomm 2327
8.1750 Wewins (Shenzhen Wewins Wireless) 2328
8.1751 wgtwo Working Group Two (Cisco Systems) 2329
8.1752 WH Bence Group 2330
8.1753 Whale Cloud Technology (Alibaba Group) 2331
8.1754 Whizz Systems 2332
8.1755 Widelity 2333
8.1756 WiFrost 2334
8.1757 WIG (Wireless Infrastructure Group) 2335
8.1758 Wildox (Shenzhen Happy Technology) 2336
8.1759 Wilson Electronics 2337
8.1760 Wilus 2338
8.1761 WIN Connectivity (Wireless Information Networks) 2339
8.1762 Wind River Systems 2340
8.1763 Wind Tre 2341
8.1764 Wingtech Technology 2342
8.1765 WINITECH 2343
8.1766 Winmate Communications 2344
8.1767 Winncom Technologies 2345
8.1768 Wipro 2346
8.1769 Wireless Logic Group 2347
8.1770 Wireless Technologies Finland 2348
8.1771 Wireless Telecom Group 2349
8.1772 WiSig Networks 2350
8.1773 Wistron Corporation 2351
8.1774 Wiwynn (Wistron Corporation) 2352
8.1775 WM Systems 2353
8.1776 WMS (Wireless Maritime Services) 2354
8.1777 WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation) 2355
8.1778 Wolfspeed 2356
8.1779 WooriNet 2357
8.1780 Workz 2358
8.1781 World View 2359
8.1782 WorldCell Solutions 2360
8.1783 Wouxun (Quanzhou Wouxun Electronics) 2361
8.1784 WTL (World Telecom Labs) 2362
8.1785 WTW Electronic 2363
8.1786 WWT (World Wide Technology) 2364
8.1787 Wytec International 2365
8.1788 Xantaro 2366
8.1789 XAVi Technologies Corporation (Chicony Electronics) 2367
8.1790 Xelera Technologies 2368
8.1791 Xemex 2369
8.1792 Xena Networks 2370
8.1793 Xiamen Puxing Electronics Science & Technology 2371
8.1794 Xiamen Sanan Integrated Circuit 2372
8.1795 Xiaomi 2373
8.1796 Xilinx (AMD Advanced Micro Devices) 2374
8.1797 Xingtera 2375
8.1798 Xinwei Group 2376
8.1799 XINYI Information Technology 2377
8.1800 XipLink 2378
8.1801 XIUS 2379
8.1802 YADRO (ICS Holding) 2380
8.1803 YAGEO Corporation 2381
8.1804 Yahsat (Al Yah Satellite Communications)/Thuraya 2382
8.1805 YaleBTS 2383
8.1806 Yanton (Quanzhou Yanton Electronics) 2384
8.1807 YOFC (Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable) 2385
8.1808 Yokogawa Electric Corporation 2386
8.1809 Yuge Technology (Shanghai Yuge Information Technology) 2387
8.1810 Yunzhi Ruantong (Beijing Yunzhi Ruantong Information Technology) 2388
8.1811 Zain Group 2389
8.1812 ZaiNar 2390
8.1813 Zaram Technology 2391
8.1814 Z-Com 2392
8.1815 Zealync 2393
8.1816 Zebra Technologies 2394
8.1817 Zeetta Networks 2395
8.1818 Zello 2396
8.1819 Zengyi Technology 2397
8.1820 Zepcam 2398
8.1821 ZeroEyes 2399
8.1822 Zetron (Codan) 2400
8.1823 Zhengkai Electronics (Jiangsu Zhengkai Electronics Technology) 2401
8.1824 ZILLNK 2402
8.1825 Zinwave (Wilson Electronics) 2403
8.1826 Zioncom 2404
8.1827 Zmtel (Shanghai Zhongmi Communication Technology) 2405
8.1828 ZT Systems 2406
8.1829 ZTE 2407
8.1830 Zyxel (Unizyx Holding Corporation) 2409
9 CHAPTER 9: MARKET SIZING & FORECASTS 2410
9.1 Global Outlook for Private 5G Networks 2410
9.2 Infrastructure Submarkets 2411
9.2.1 5G NR RAN 2411
9.2.1.1 Base Station RUs 2412
9.2.1.2 DUs/CUs 2413
9.2.2 5GC 2414
9.2.2.1 UPF 2415
9.2.2.2 Control Plane 2415
9.2.3 5G Transport 2416
9.2.3.1 Fiber & Wireline 2416
9.2.3.2 Microwave 2417
9.2.3.3 Satellite Communications 2417
9.3 Cell Sizes 2418
9.3.1 Indoor Small Cells 2419
9.3.2 Outdoor Small Cells 2420
9.3.3 Macrocells 2421
9.4 Frequency Ranges 2422
9.4.1 Sub-6 GHz 2423
9.4.2 mmWave 2424
9.5 End User Markets & Verticals 2425
9.5.1 Vertical Industries 2425
9.5.1.1 Agriculture 2427
9.5.1.2 Aviation 2428
9.5.1.3 Broadcasting 2429
9.5.1.4 Construction 2430
9.5.1.5 Education 2431
9.5.1.6 Forestry 2432
9.5.1.7 Healthcare 2433
9.5.1.8 Manufacturing 2434
9.5.1.9 Military 2435
9.5.1.10 Mining 2436
9.5.1.11 Oil & Gas 2437
9.5.1.12 Ports & Maritime Transport 2438
9.5.1.13 Public Safety 2439
9.5.1.14 Railways 2440
9.5.1.15 Utilities 2441
9.5.1.16 Warehousing & Others 2442
9.5.2 Offices, Buildings & Public Venues 2443
9.6 Regional Segmentation 2444
9.6.1 North America 2444
9.6.1.1 Infrastructure Submarkets 2444
9.6.1.2 End User Markets & Verticals 2445
9.6.2 Asia Pacific 2446
9.6.2.1 Infrastructure Submarkets 2446
9.6.2.2 End User Markets & Verticals 2447
9.6.3 Europe 2448
9.6.3.1 Infrastructure Submarkets 2448
9.6.3.2 End User Markets & Verticals 2449
9.6.4 Middle East & Africa 2450
9.6.4.1 Infrastructure Submarkets 2450
9.6.4.2 End User Markets & Verticals 2451
9.6.5 Latin & Central America 2452
9.6.5.1 Infrastructure Submarkets 2452
9.6.5.2 End User Markets & Verticals 2453
10 CHAPTER 10: CONCLUSION & STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS 2455
10.1 Why is the Market Poised to Grow? 2455
10.2 Future Roadmap: 2024 2030 2457
10.2.1 2024 2026: Continued Spending on Standalone Private 5G Networks 2457
10.2.2 2027 2029: Widespread Adoption of Industrial-Grade 5G Advanced NPNs 2458
10.2.3 2030 & Beyond: Towards Private 6G Connectivity for Future Applications 2458
10.3 Reviewing the Real-World Benefits of Private 5G Networks 2459
10.3.1 Efficiency Gains 2459
10.3.2 Cost Savings 2462
10.3.3 Worker Safety 2465
10.4 Vendor & Solution Provider Landscape 2466
10.4.1 Acquisitions, Consolidation & Partnerships 2466
10.4.2 Industry 4.0 Connectivity Solutions From Alternative Private 5G Infrastructure Suppliers 2467
10.4.3 Enabling the Testing of Domestically Produced 5G Network Equipment 2467
10.4.4 National Mobile Operators Continue to Retain a Significant Presence 2467
10.4.5 Emergence of New Classes of Private Network Service Providers 2468
10.4.6 Opportunities for Global System Integrators & Hyperscalers 2468
10.4.7 Startups Targeting Private 5G Security, Management & Orchestration Needs 2469
10.5 IIoT Remains the Central Driver for Private 5G Investments 2469
10.6 Reducing Reliance on Hard-Wired Cabling in Industrial & Enterprise Settings 2469
10.7 Driving the Convergence of IT & OT Domains With Industrial-Grade 5G Connectivity 2470
10.8 The Growing Role of 5G Network Slicing & Hybrid Public-Private Networks 2470
10.9 China Serving as a Proving Ground for Large-Scale Private 5G Projects 2471
10.10 Commercial Availability of Vertical Industry-Specific 3GPP Features 2471
10.11 5G Advanced Trials for Time-Sensitive Industrial Control Applications 2472
10.12 Spectrum Liberalization: Shared & Local Area Licensing Frameworks 2472
10.13 Mid-Band 5G NR RAN Installations Dominate the Market 2473
10.14 Prospects of Private 5G Networks in mmWave Spectrum 2473
10.15 Preliminary Deployments of 5G NR-U Technology 2474
10.16 Relationship Between Private 5G & Wi-Fi 6/6E/7 Systems 2474
10.17 Overlap With Neutral Host Networks for In-Building Coverage 2475
10.18 Synergies Between Private 5G Networks & Edge Computing 2475
10.19 Open RAN & vRAN (Virtualized RAN) Adoption in Private 5G Infrastructure 2476
10.20 SON & AI-Based Automation: Easing the Role of Enterprise IT Departments 2476
10.21 Satellite Backhaul & Direct-to-Device NTN Access for Coverage Extension 2477
10.22 Interconnectivity & Roaming in Private 5G Networks 2477
10.23 Strategic Recommendations 2478
10.23.1 5G Equipment & Chipset Suppliers 2478
10.23.2 System Integrators & Private Network Specialists 2478
10.23.3 National Mobile Network Operators 2479
10.23.4 End User Organizations & Vertical Industries 2480
1.1 Executive Summary
1.2 Topics Covered
1.3 Forecast Segmentation
1.4 Key Questions Answered
1.5 Key Findings
1.6 Summary of Private 5G Engagements
1.7 Methodology
1.8 Target Audience
2 CHAPTER 2: AN OVERVIEW OF PRIVATE 5G NETWORKS
2.1 An Introduction to the 3GPP-Defined 5G Standard
2.1.1 What is 5G?
2.1.2 5G Service Profiles
2.1.2.1 eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband)
2.1.2.2 URLLC (Ultra-Reliable, Low-Latency Communications)
2.1.2.3 mMTC/mIoT (Massive Machine-Type Communications/Internet of Things)
2.1.3 5G Advanced & the Evolution to 6G
2.1.4 The Significance of Vertical Industries in the 5G Era
2.2 Why Utilize 5G for Private Wireless Networks?
2.2.1 Performance, Mobility, Reliability & Security Characteristics
2.2.2 Ability to Address Both Wide Area & Localized Coverage Needs
2.2.3 Variety of Frequency Bands, Bandwidth Flexibility & Spectral Efficiency
2.2.4 Interworking With Public Mobile Networks & Non-3GPP Technologies
2.2.5 3GPP Support for Industrial-Grade & Mission-Critical Applications
2.2.6 Future-Proof Transition Path Towards 6G Networks
2.2.7 Thriving Ecosystem of Chipsets, Devices & Network Equipment
2.2.8 Economic Viability of Deployment & Operational Costs
2.3 Key Themes Influencing the Adoption of Private 5G Networks
2.3.1 Industry 4.0-Driven Wireless Connectivity Requirements
2.3.2 Critical Communications Broadband Evolution
2.3.3 Localized Cellular Coverage for Enterprise Transformation Initiatives
2.3.4 Neutral Hosting, Smart Cities, Community Broadband & Other Themes
2.4 Practical Aspects of Private 5G Networks
2.4.1 5G Technology Deployment Modes
2.4.1.1 NSA (Non-Standalone) 5G
2.4.1.2 SA (Standalone) 5G
2.4.2 Spectrum Options
2.4.2.1 National Spectrum for Specific Applications
2.4.2.1.1 Defense & PPDR (Public Protection & Disaster Relief)
2.4.2.1.2 Utilities & Critical Infrastructure Industries
2.4.2.1.3 Aviation, Maritime & Railway Communications
2.4.2.1.4 Other Segments
2.4.2.2 Local Area Licensed Spectrum
2.4.2.2.1 Local Area Licenses for Enterprises & Vertical Users
2.4.2.2.2 Local Leasing of Public Mobile Operator Frequencies
2.4.2.2.3 ASA (Authorized Shared Access) & Light Licensing
2.4.2.3 Unlicensed Spectrum
2.4.2.3.1 Designated License-Exempt Bands
2.4.2.3.2 Opportunistic Unlicensed Access
2.4.3 Network Size & Geographic Reach
2.4.3.1 Wide Area Private Cellular Networks
2.4.3.2 Medium-Scale Local Area Networks
2.4.3.3 On-Premise Campus Networks
2.4.4 Operational Scenarios
2.4.4.1 Isolated NPNs (Non-Public Networks)
2.4.4.2 Public Mobile Operator-Integrated NPNs
2.4.4.2.1 Dedicated Mobile Operator RAN Coverage
2.4.4.2.2 Shared RAN With On-Premise Core
2.4.4.2.3 Shared RAN & Control Plane
2.4.4.2.4 NPNs Hosted By Public Networks
2.4.4.3 Virtual Sliced Private Networks
2.4.4.4 Hybrid Public-Private Networks
2.4.4.5 Shared Core Private Networks
2.4.4.6 Secure MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) Arrangements
2.4.4.7 Other Approaches
2.4.5 Business Models
2.4.5.1 Fully Independent Private Networks
2.4.5.2 Service Provider-Managed Private Networks
2.4.5.3 Hybrid Ownership, Management & Control
2.4.5.4 Private NaaS (Network-as-a-Service)
2.4.5.5 Other Business Models
2.5 The Value Chain of Private 5G Networks
2.5.1 Semiconductor & Enabling Technology Specialists
2.5.2 Terminal OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers)
2.5.3 RAN, Core & Transport Infrastructure Suppliers
2.5.4 Service Providers
2.5.4.1 Critical Communications, Industrial, OT & IT System Integrators
2.5.4.2 Pure-Play Private 5G Network Operators
2.5.4.3 National Mobile Operators
2.5.4.4 MVNOs
2.5.4.5 Neutral Hosts
2.5.4.6 Towercos (Tower Companies)
2.5.4.7 Cloud & Edge Platform Providers
2.5.4.8 Fixed-Line Service Providers
2.5.4.9 Fiber Network Operators
2.5.4.10 Satellite Communications Service Providers
2.5.5 End User Organizations
2.5.6 Other Ecosystem Players
2.6 Market Drivers
2.6.1 Growing Demand for High-Bandwidth & Low-Latency Wireless Applications
2.6.2 Endorsement From the Industry 4.0 & Critical Communications Sectors
2.6.3 Limited Public Cellular Coverage in Indoor, Industrial & Remote Environments
2.6.4 Availability of Suitable Spectrum Options for Private Use
2.6.5 Guaranteed Connectivity & QoS (Quality-of-Service) Control
2.6.6 Greater Levels of Network Security & Data Privacy
2.6.7 Operators' & Vendors' Desire for New Revenue Sources
2.6.8 Government-Funded 5G Innovation Initiatives
2.7 Market Barriers
2.7.1 Cost & ROI (Return-On-Investment) Justification
2.7.2 Technical Complexities of Network Deployment & Operation
2.7.3 Integration With Existing Infrastructure & Applications
2.7.4 Limited Scale Effects Due to Lack of Spectrum Harmonization
2.7.5 Competition From Non-3GPP Technologies & Solutions
2.7.6 5G Terminal Equipment-Related Challenges
2.7.7 Skills Gap & Shortage of Proficient Engineers
2.7.8 Conservatism & Slow Pace of Change
3 CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE & TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRIVATE 5G NETWORKS
3.1 Architectural Components of Private 5G Networks
3.2 UE (User Equipment)
3.2.1 Smartphones & Handportable Devices
3.2.2 Industrial-Grade Routers & Gateways
3.2.3 Mobile Hotspots & Vehicular Terminals
3.2.4 Fixed Wireless CPEs (Customer Premises Equipment)
3.2.5 Tablets & Notebook PCs
3.2.6 Smart Wearables
3.2.7 Cellular IoT Modules
3.2.8 Add-On Dongles
3.3 RAN (Radio Access Network)
3.3.1 NG-RAN 5G NR Access Network
3.3.1.1 gNBs 5G NR Base Stations
3.3.1.2 en-gNBs Secondary Node 5G NR Base Stations
3.3.1.3 ng-eNBs Next-Generation LTE Base Stations
3.3.2 Architectural Components of gNB Base Stations
3.3.2.1 RUs (Radio Units)
3.3.2.2 Integrated Radio & Baseband Units
3.3.2.3 DUs (Distributed Baseband Units)
3.3.2.4 CUs (Centralized Baseband Units)
3.4 Mobile Core
3.4.1 5GC (5G Core): Core Network for Standalone 5G Implementations
3.4.1.1 Access, Mobility & Session Management
3.4.1.1.1 AMF (Access & Mobility Management Function)
3.4.1.1.2 SMF (Session Management Function)
3.4.1.1.3 UPF (User Plane Function)
3.4.1.2 Subscription & Data Management
3.4.1.2.1 AUSF (Authentication Server Function)
3.4.1.2.2 AAnF (AKMA Anchor Function)
3.4.1.2.3 UDM (Unified Data Management)
3.4.1.2.4 UDR (Unified Data Repository)
3.4.1.2.5 UDSF (Unstructured Data Storage Function)
3.4.1.2.6 UCMF (UE Radio Capability Management Function)
3.4.1.2.7 5G-EIR (5G Equipment Identity Register)
3.4.1.3 Policy & Charging
3.4.1.3.1 PCF (Policy Control Function)
3.4.1.3.2 CHF (Charging Function)
3.4.1.4 Signaling & Routing
3.4.1.4.1 SCP (Service Communication Proxy)
3.4.1.4.2 SEPP (Security Edge Protection Proxy)
3.4.1.4.3 BSF (Binding Support Function)
3.4.1.5 Network Resource Management
3.4.1.5.1 NEF (Network Exposure Function)
3.4.1.5.2 NRF (Network Repository Function)
3.4.1.5.3 NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function)
3.4.1.5.4 NSSAAF (Network Slice-Specific & SNPN Authentication-Authorization Function)
3.4.1.5.5 NSACF (Network Slice Admission Control Function)
3.4.1.6 Data Analytics & Automation
3.4.1.6.1 NWDAF (Network Data Analytics Function)
3.4.1.6.2 AnLF (Analytics Logical Function)
3.4.1.6.3 MTLF (Model Training Logical Function)
3.4.1.6.4 DCCF (Data Collection Coordination Function)
3.4.1.6.5 ADRF (Analytics Data Repository Function)
3.4.1.6.6 MFAF (Messaging Framework Adaptor Function)
3.4.1.7 Location Services
3.4.1.7.1 LMF (Location Management Function)
3.4.1.7.2 GMLC (Gateway Mobile Location Center)
3.4.1.8 Application Enablement
3.4.1.8.1 AFs (Application Functions)
3.4.1.8.2 SMSF (Short Message Service Function)
3.4.1.8.3 CBCF (Cell Broadcast Center Function)
3.4.1.8.4 5G DDNMF (5G Direct Discovery Name Management Function)
3.4.1.8.5 TSCTSF (Time-Sensitive Communication & Time Synchronization Function)
3.4.1.8.6 TSN AF (Time-Sensitive Networking Application Function)
3.4.1.8.7 EASDF (Edge Application Server Discovery Function)
3.4.1.9 Multicast-Broadcast Support
3.4.1.9.1 MB-SMF (Multicast-Broadcast SMF)
3.4.1.9.2 MB-UPF (Multicast-Broadcast UPF)
3.4.1.9.3 MBSF (Multicast-Broadcast Service Function)
3.4.1.9.4 MBSTF (Multicast-Broadcast Service Transport Function)
3.5 Transport Network
3.5.1 Fronthaul: RU-to-DU Transport
3.5.2 Midhaul: DU-to-CU Transport
3.5.3 Backhaul: RAN-to-Core Transport
3.5.4 Physical Transmission Mediums
3.5.4.1 Fiber & Wireline Transport Technologies
3.5.4.1.1 Owned, Lit & Dark Fiber
3.5.4.1.2 Ethernet & IP-Based Transport
3.5.4.1.3 WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing)
3.5.4.1.4 PON (Passive Optical Network)
3.5.4.1.5 OTN (Optical Transport Network)
3.5.4.1.6 DOCSIS, G.fast & Other Technologies
3.5.4.2 Microwave & mmWave (Millimeter Wave) Wireless Links
3.5.4.2.1 Traditional Bands (6 42 GHz)
3.5.4.2.2 V-Band (60 GHz)
3.5.4.2.3 E-Band (70/80 GHz)
3.5.4.2.4 W-Band (92 114.25 GHz)
3.5.4.2.5 D-Band (130 174.8 GHz)
3.5.4.3 Satellite Communications
3.5.4.3.1 GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit)
3.5.4.3.2 MEO (Medium Earth Orbit)
3.5.4.3.3 LEO (Low Earth Orbit)
3.6 Services & Interconnectivity
3.6.1 End User Application Services
3.6.1.1 Generic Broadband, Messaging & IoT Services
3.6.1.2 IMS Core: VoNR (Voice Over NR) & MMTel (Multimedia Telephony)
3.6.1.3 5G MBS/5MBS (5G Multicast-Broadcast Services)
3.6.1.4 Group Communications & MCS (Mission-Critical Services)
3.6.1.5 IIoT (Industrial IoT), Cyber-Physical Control & Domain-Specific Connected Services
3.6.1.6 ProSe (Proximity-Based Services) for Direct D2D (Device-to-Device) Discovery & Communications
3.6.1.7 Vehicular, Aviation, Maritime & Railway-Related Applications
3.6.1.8 3GPP Service Frameworks for Vertical Industries
3.6.1.8.1 CAPIF (Common API Framework)
3.6.1.8.2 SEAL (Service Enabler Architecture Layer for Verticals)
3.6.1.8.3 EDGEAPP (Architecture for Enabling Edge Applications)
3.6.1.9 VAL (Vertical Application Layer) Enablers
3.6.1.9.1 V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)
3.6.1.9.2 UAS (Uncrewed Aerial Systems)
3.6.1.9.3 5GMARCH/MSGin5G (Messaging in 5G)
3.6.1.9.4 FF (Factories of the Future)
3.6.1.9.5 PINAPP (Personal IoT Networks), XR (Extended Reality) & Others
3.6.2 Interconnectivity With 3GPP & Non-3GPP Networks
3.6.2.1 3GPP Roaming & Service Continuity
3.6.2.1.1 National & International Roaming
3.6.2.1.2 Service Continuity Outside Network Footprint
3.6.2.2 Non-3GPP Network Integration
3.6.2.2.1 N3IWF (Non-3GPP Interworking Function)
3.6.2.2.2 TNGF (Trusted Non-3GPP Gateway Function)
3.6.2.2.3 TWIF (Trusted WLAN Interworking Function)
3.6.2.2.4 NSWOF (Non-Seamless WLAN Offload Function)
3.6.2.2.5 W-AGF (Wireline Access Gateway Function)
3.6.2.2.6 IWF (Interworking Function) for LMR (Land Mobile Radio)
3.6.2.2.7 ATSSS (Access Traffic Steering, Switching & Splitting)
3.7 Key Enabling Technologies & Concepts
3.7.1 3GPP Support for NPNs (Non-Public Networks)
3.7.1.1 Types of NPNs
3.7.1.1.1 SNPNs (Standalone NPNs)
3.7.1.1.2 PNI-NPNs (Public Network-Integrated NPNs)
3.7.1.2 SNPN Identification & Selection
3.7.1.3 PNI-NPN Resource Allocation & Isolation
3.7.1.4 CAG (Closed Access Group) for Cell Access Control
3.7.1.5 Mobility, Roaming & Service Continuity
3.7.1.6 Interworking Between SNPNs & Public Networks
3.7.1.7 UE Configuration & Subscription-Related Aspects
3.7.1.8 Other 3GPP-Defined Capabilities for NPNs
3.7.2 Mobile Broadband Evolution
3.7.2.1 Massive MIMO, Beamforming & Advanced Antenna Systems
3.7.2.2 Air Interface Design & Optimizations
3.7.2.3 CA (Carrier Aggregation) & Multi-Carrier Operations
3.7.2.4 Expansion Into Higher Frequency Spectrum Bands
3.7.3 Industry 4.0 & Cellular IoT
3.7.3.1 URLLC Techniques: High-Reliability & Low-Latency Enablers
3.7.3.2 5G LAN (Local Area Network)-Type Service
3.7.3.3 Integration With IEEE 802.1 TSN (Time-Sensitive Networking) Systems
3.7.3.4 Native 3GPP Framework for TSC (Time-Sensitive Communications)
3.7.3.5 Support for IETF DetNet (Deterministic Networking)
3.7.3.6 5G NR Light: RedCap (Reduced Capability) UE Type
3.7.3.7 eMTC, NB-IoT & mMTC: Wide Area & High-Density IoT Applications
3.7.4 Critical Communications
3.7.4.1 MCX (Mission-Critical PTT, Video & Data)
3.7.4.2 QPP (QoS, Priority & Preemption)
3.7.4.3 IOPS (Isolated Operation for Public Safety)
3.7.4.4 Cell Site & Infrastructure Hardening
3.7.4.5 HPUE (High-Power User Equipment)
3.7.4.6 Other UE-Related Functional Enhancements
3.7.5 High-Precision Positioning
3.7.5.1 Assisted-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)
3.7.5.2 RAN-Based Positioning Techniques
3.7.5.3 RAN-Independent Methods
3.7.6 Edge Computing
3.7.6.1 Optimizing Latency, Service Performance & Backhaul Costs
3.7.6.2 3GPP-Defined Features for Edge Computing Support
3.7.6.3 Public vs. Private Edge Computing
3.7.7 Network Slicing
3.7.7.1 Logical Partitioning of Network Resources
3.7.7.2 3GPP Functions, Identifiers & Procedures for Slicing
3.7.7.3 RAN Slicing
3.7.7.4 Mobile Core Slicing
3.7.7.5 Transport Network Slicing
3.7.7.6 UE-Based Network Slicing Features
3.7.7.7 Management & Orchestration Aspects
3.7.8 Network Sharing
3.7.8.1 Service-Specific PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) IDs
3.7.8.2 DNN (Data Network Name)-Based Isolation
3.7.8.3 GWCN (Gateway Core Network): Core Network Sharing
3.7.8.4 MOCN (Multi-Operator Core Network): RAN & Spectrum Sharing
3.7.8.5 MORAN (Multi-Operator RAN): RAN Sharing Without Spectrum Pooling
3.7.8.6 DECOR (Dedicated Core) & eDECOR (Enhanced DECOR)
3.7.8.7 Roaming in Non-Overlapping Service Areas
3.7.8.8 Passive Sharing of Infrastructure Resources
3.7.9 E2E (End-to-End) Security
3.7.9.1 UE Authentication Framework
3.7.9.2 Subscriber Privacy
3.7.9.3 Air Interface Confidentiality & Integrity
3.7.9.4 Resilience Against Radio Jamming
3.7.9.5 RAN, Core & Transport Network Security
3.7.9.6 Security Aspects of Network Slicing
3.7.9.7 Application Domain Protection
3.7.9.8 Other Security Considerations
3.7.10 Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum
3.7.10.1 DSS (Dynamic Spectrum Sharing): LTE & 5G NR Coexistence
3.7.10.2 CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service): Three-Tiered Sharing
3.7.10.3 LSA (Licensed Shared Access) & eLSA (Evolved LSA): Two-Tiered Sharing
3.7.10.4 AFC (Automated Frequency Coordination): License-Exempt Sharing
3.7.10.5 Local Area Licensing of Shared Spectrum
3.7.10.6 5G NR-U (NR in Unlicensed Spectrum)
3.7.11 Rapidly Deployable 5G Network Systems
3.7.11.1 NIB (Network-in-a-Box) Systems
3.7.11.2 Vehicular COWs (Cells-on-Wheels)
3.7.11.3 Aerial Cell Sites
3.7.11.4 Maritime Cellular Platforms
3.7.12 Direct Communications & Coverage Expansion
3.7.12.1 Sidelink for Direct Mode D2D Communications
3.7.12.2 UE-to-Network & UE-to-UE Relays
3.7.12.3 Indoor & Outdoor Small Cells
3.7.12.4 DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems)
3.7.12.5 IAB (Integrated Access & Backhaul)
3.7.12.6 Mobile IAB: VMRs (Vehicle-Mounted Relays)
3.7.12.7 NCRs (Network-Controlled Repeaters)
3.7.12.8 NTNs (Non-Terrestrial Networks)
3.7.12.9 ATG/A2G (Air-to-Ground) Connectivity
3.7.13 Cloud-Native, Software-Driven & Open Networking
3.7.13.1 Cloud-Native Technologies
3.7.13.2 Microservices & SBA (Service-Based Architecture)
3.7.13.3 Containerization of Network Functions
3.7.13.4 NFV (Network Functions Virtualization)
3.7.13.5 SDN (Software-Defined Networking)
3.7.13.6 Cloud Compute, Storage & Networking Infrastructure
3.7.13.7 APIs (Application Programming Interfaces)
3.7.13.8 Open RAN & Core Architectures
3.7.14 Network Intelligence & Automation
3.7.14.1 AI (Artificial Intelligence)
3.7.14.2 Machine & Deep Learning
3.7.14.3 Big Data & Advanced Analytics
3.7.14.4 SON (Self-Organizing Networks)
3.7.14.5 Intelligent Control, Management & Orchestration
3.7.14.6 Support for Network Intelligence & Automation in 3GPP Standards
4 CHAPTER 4: KEY VERTICAL INDUSTRIES & APPLICATIONS
4.1 Cross-Sector & Enterprise Application Capabilities
4.1.1 Mobile Broadband
4.1.2 FWA (Fixed Wireless Access)
4.1.3 Voice & Messaging Services
4.1.4 High-Definition Video Transmission
4.1.5 Telepresence & Video Conferencing
4.1.6 Multimedia Broadcasting & Multicasting
4.1.7 IoT (Internet of Things) Networking
4.1.8 Wireless Connectivity for Wearables
4.1.9 Untethered AR/VR/MR (Augmented, Virtual & Mixed Reality)
4.1.10 Real-Time Holographic Projections
4.1.11 Tactile Internet & Haptic Feedback
4.1.12 Precise Positioning & Tracking
4.1.13 Industrial Automation
4.1.14 Remote Control of Machines
4.1.15 Connected Mobile Robotics
4.1.16 Unmanned & Autonomous Vehicles
4.1.17 BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line-of-Sight) Operation of Drones
4.1.18 Data-Driven Analytics & Insights
4.1.19 Sensor-Equipped Digital Twins
4.1.20 Predictive Maintenance of Assets
4.2 Vertical Industries & Specific Application Scenarios
4.2.1 Agriculture
4.2.1.1 Intelligent Monitoring of Crop, Soil & Weather Conditions
4.2.1.2 IoT & Advanced Analytics-Driven Yield Optimization
4.2.1.3 Sensor-Based Smart Irrigation Control Systems
4.2.1.4 Real-Time Tracking & Geofencing in Farms
4.2.1.5 Livestock & Aquaculture Health Management
4.2.1.6 Video-Based Remote Veterinary Inspections
4.2.1.7 Unmanned Autonomous Tractors & Farm Vehicles
4.2.1.8 Robots for Planting, Weeding & Harvesting
4.2.1.9 5G-Equipped Agricultural Drones
4.2.1.10 Connected Greenhouses & Vertical Farms
4.2.2 Aviation
4.2.2.1 Inflight Connectivity for Passengers & Cabin Crew
4.2.2.2 Connected Airports for Enhanced Traveler & Visitor Experience
4.2.2.3 Coordination of Ground Support Equipment, Vehicles & Personnel
4.2.2.4 ATM (Air Traffic Management) for Drones & Urban Air Mobility Vehicles
4.2.2.5 Wireless Upload of EFB (Electronic Flight Bag) & IFE (In-Flight Entertainment) Updates
4.2.2.6 Aircraft Data Offload for Operational & Maintenance Purposes
4.2.2.7 Video Surveillance of Airport Surface & Terminal Areas
4.2.2.8 5G-Enabled Remote Inspection & Repair of Aircraft
4.2.2.9 Navigation, Weather & Other IoT Sensors
4.2.2.10 Smart Baggage Handling
4.2.2.11 Asset Awareness & Tracking
4.2.2.12 Passenger Flow & Resource Management
4.2.2.13 Automation of Check-In & Boarding Procedures
4.2.2.14 Intelligent Airport Service Robots
4.2.3 Broadcasting
4.2.3.1 3GPP-Based PMSE (Program Making & Special Events)
4.2.3.2 Live AV (Audio-Visual) Media Production Using NPNs
4.2.3.3 Private 5G-Enabled Production in Remote Locations
4.2.3.4 Network Slicing for Contribution Feeds
4.2.3.5 Wire-Free Cameras & Microphones
4.2.3.6 Multicast & Broadcast Content Distribution
4.2.4 Construction
4.2.4.1 Wireless Connectivity for Construction Sites & Field Offices
4.2.4.2 Instantaneous Access to Business-Critical Applications
4.2.4.3 5G-Based Remote Control of Heavy Machinery
4.2.4.4 Autonomous Mobile Robots for Construction
4.2.4.5 IoT Sensor-Driven Maintenance of Equipment
4.2.4.6 Video Surveillance & Analytics for Site Security
4.2.4.7 Real-Time Visibility of Personnel, Assets & Materials
4.2.4.8 Aerial Surveying & Monitoring of Construction Sites
4.2.5 Education
4.2.5.1 Remote & Distance Learning Services
4.2.5.2 Mobile Access to Academic Resources
4.2.5.3 5G-Connected Smart Classrooms
4.2.5.4 Automation of Administrative Tasks
4.2.5.5 Personalized & Engaging Learning
4.2.5.6 AR/VR-Based Immersive Lessons
4.2.5.7 5G-Enabled Virtual Field Trips
4.2.5.8 Educational Telepresence Robots
4.2.6 Forestry
4.2.6.1 Wireless Connectivity for Forestry Operations & Recreation
4.2.6.2 5G-Facilitated Teleoperation of Forestry Equipment
4.2.6.3 Autonomous Harvesting & Milling Machinery
4.2.6.4 Real-Time Tracking of Equipment, Vehicles & Personnel
4.2.6.5 Cellular IoT Sensors for Biological & Environmental Monitoring
4.2.6.6 Wireless Cameras for Wildlife Observation, Conservation & Security
4.2.6.7 Early Wildfire Detection & Containment Systems
4.2.6.8 Drones for Search & Rescue Operations
4.2.7 Healthcare
4.2.7.1 5G-Connected Smart Hospitals & Healthcare Facilities
4.2.7.2 Wireless Transmission of Medical Imagery & Rich Datasets
4.2.7.3 Real-Time Monitoring of Patients in Acute & Intensive Care
4.2.7.4 Telehealth Video Consultations for Visual Assessment
4.2.7.5 Connectivity for AI-Based Healthcare Applications
4.2.7.6 AR Systems for Complex Medical Procedures
4.2.7.7 Remote-Controlled Surgery & Examination
4.2.7.8 Assisted Living & Rehabilitation Robotics
4.2.7.9 Immersive VR-Based Medical & Surgical Training
4.2.7.10 Connected Ambulances for EMS (Emergency Medical Services)
4.2.8 Manufacturing
4.2.8.1 Untethered Connectivity for Production & Process Automation
4.2.8.2 Wireless Motion Control & C2C (Control-to-Control) Communications
4.2.8.3 Cellular-Equipped Mobile Control Panels
4.2.8.4 Mobile Robots & AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles)
4.2.8.5 Autonomous Forklifts & Warehouse Robotics
4.2.8.6 AR-Facilitated Factory Floor Operations
4.2.8.7 Machine Vision-Based Quality Inspection
4.2.8.8 Closed-Loop Process Control
4.2.8.9 Process & Environmental Monitoring
4.2.8.10 Precise Indoor Positioning for Asset Management
4.2.8.11 Remote Access & Maintenance of Equipment
4.2.9 Military
4.2.9.1 5G-Based Tactical Battlefield Communications
4.2.9.2 Smart Military Bases & Command Posts
4.2.9.3 ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance)
4.2.9.4 Command & Control of Weapon Systems
4.2.9.5 Remote Operation of Robotics & Unmanned Assets
4.2.9.6 AR HUD (Heads-Up Display) Systems
4.2.9.7 Wireless VR/MR-Based Military Training
4.2.9.8 Perimeter Security & Force Protection
4.2.10 Mining
4.2.10.1 Safety-Critical Communications in Remote Mining Environments
4.2.10.2 Wireless Control of Drilling, Excavation & Related Equipment
4.2.10.3 Automated Loading, Haulage & Train Operations
4.2.10.4 Video-Based Monitoring of Personnel & Assets
4.2.10.5 Underground Positioning & Geofencing
4.2.10.6 Smart Ventilation & Water Management
4.2.10.7 Real-Time Operational Intelligence
4.2.10.8 AR & VR for Mining Operations
4.2.11 Oil & Gas
4.2.11.1 Wireless Connectivity for Remote Exploration & Production Sites
4.2.11.2 Critical Voice & Data-Based Mobile Workforce Communications
4.2.11.3 Push-to-Video & Telepresence Conferencing for Field Operations
4.2.11.4 Cellular-Equipped Surveillance Cameras for Situational Awareness
4.2.11.5 IoT Sensor-Enabled Remote Monitoring & Automation of Processes
4.2.11.6 SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) Communications
4.2.11.7 Location Services for Worker Safety & Asset Tracking
4.2.11.8 AR Smart Helmets for Hands-Free Remote Assistance
4.2.11.9 Predictive Maintenance of Oil & Gas Facilities
4.2.11.10 Mobile Robots for Safety Hazard Inspections
4.2.12 Ports & Maritime Transport
4.2.12.1 Critical Communications for Port Workers
4.2.12.2 Automation of Port & Terminal Operations
4.2.12.3 5G-Connected AGVs for Container Transport
4.2.12.4 Remote-Controlled Cranes & Terminal Tractors
4.2.12.5 Video Analytics for Operational Purposes
4.2.12.6 Environmental & Condition Monitoring
4.2.12.7 Port Traffic Management & Control
4.2.12.8 AR & VR Applications for Port Digitization
4.2.12.9 Unmanned Aerial Inspections of Port Facilities
4.2.12.10 Private Cellular-Enabled Maritime Communications
4.2.12.11 Wireless Ship-to-Shore Connectivity in Nearshore Waters
4.2.12.12 5G-Facilitated Remote Steering of Unmanned Vessels
4.2.13 Public Safety
4.2.13.1 Mission-Critical PTT Voice Communications
4.2.13.2 Real-Time Video & High-Resolution Imagery
4.2.13.3 Messaging, File Transfer & Presence Services
4.2.13.4 Secure & Seamless Mobile Broadband Access
4.2.13.5 Location-Based Services & Enhanced Mapping
4.2.13.6 Multimedia CAD (Computer-Aided Dispatch)
4.2.13.7 Massive-Scale Video Surveillance & Analytics
4.2.13.8 Smart Glasses & AR Headgear for First Responders
4.2.13.9 5G-Equipped Police, Firefighting & Rescue Robots
4.2.13.10 5G MBS/5MBS in High-Density Environments
4.2.13.11 Sidelink-Based Direct Mode Communications
4.2.14 Railways
4.2.14.1 FRMCS (Future Railway Mobile Communication System)
4.2.14.2 Train-to-Ground & Train-to-Train Connectivity
4.2.14.3 Wireless Intra-Train Communications
4.2.14.4 Rail Operations-Critical Voice, Data & Video Services
4.2.14.5 ATO (Automatic Train Operation) & Traffic Management
4.2.14.6 Video Surveillance for Operational Safety & Security
4.2.14.7 Smart Maintenance of Railway Infrastructure
4.2.14.8 Intelligent Management of Logistics Facilities
4.2.14.9 Onboard Broadband Internet Access
4.2.14.10 PIS (Passenger Information Systems)
4.2.14.11 Smart Rail & Metro Station Services
4.2.15 Utilities
4.2.15.1 Multi-Service FANs (Field Area Networks)
4.2.15.2 Critical Applications for Field Workforce Communications
4.2.15.3 AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure)
4.2.15.4 DA (Distribution Automation) Systems
4.2.15.5 Microgrid & DER (Distributed Energy Resource) Integration
4.2.15.6 5G-Enabled VPPs (Virtual Power Plants)
4.2.15.7 Low-Latency SCADA Applications for Utilities
4.2.15.8 Teleprotection of Transmission & Distribution Grids
4.2.15.9 Video Monitoring for Critical Infrastructure Protection
4.2.15.10 Sensor-Based Detection of Water & Gas Leaks
4.2.15.11 AR Information Overlays for Repairs & Maintenance
4.2.15.12 Drone & Robot-Assisted Inspections of Utility Assets
4.2.15.13 Local Wireless Connectivity for Remote & Offshore Facilities
4.2.16 Warehousing & Other Verticals
5 CHAPTER 5: SPECTRUM AVAILABILITY, ALLOCATION & USAGE
5.1 National & Local Area Licensed Spectrum
5.1.1 Low-Band (Sub-1 GHz)
5.1.1.1 200 400 MHz
5.1.1.2 410 & 450 MHz
5.1.1.3 600 MHz
5.1.1.4 700 MHz
5.1.1.5 800 MHz
5.1.1.6 900 MHz
5.1.2 Mid-Band (1 6 GHz)
5.1.2.1 1.4 GHz
5.1.2.2 1.6 GHz
5.1.2.3 1.8 GHz
5.1.2.4 1.9 GHz
5.1.2.5 2.1 GHz
5.1.2.6 2.3 GHz
5.1.2.7 2.4 GHz
5.1.2.8 2.5 GHz
5.1.2.9 2.6 GHz
5.1.2.10 3.4 GHz
5.1.2.11 3.5 GHz CBRS PAL Tier
5.1.2.12 3.7 3.8 GHz
5.1.2.13 3.8 4.2 GHz
5.1.2.14 4.6 4.9 GHz
5.1.2.15 Other Bands
5.1.3 High-Band mmWave (Millimeter Wave)
5.1.3.1 26 GHz
5.1.3.2 28 GHz
5.1.3.3 37 GHz
5.1.3.4 Other Bands
5.2 License-Exempt (Unlicensed) Spectrum
5.2.1 Sub-1 GHz Bands (470 790/800/900 MHz)
5.2.2 1.8 GHz DECT Guard Band
5.2.3 1.9 GHz sXGP Band
5.2.4 2.4 GHz (2,400 2,483.5 MHz)
5.2.5 3.5 GHz CBRS GAA Tier
5.2.6 5 GHz (5,150 5,925 MHz)
5.2.7 6 GHz (5,925 7,125 MHz)
5.2.8 60 GHz (57 71 GHz)
5.2.9 Other Bands
5.3 North America
5.3.1 United States
5.3.2 Canada
5.4 Asia Pacific
5.4.1 Australia
5.4.2 New Zealand
5.4.3 China
5.4.4 Hong Kong
5.4.5 Taiwan
5.4.6 Japan
5.4.7 South Korea
5.4.8 Singapore
5.4.9 Malaysia
5.4.10 Indonesia
5.4.11 Philippines
5.4.12 Thailand
5.4.13 Vietnam
5.4.14 Laos
5.4.15 Myanmar
5.4.16 India
5.4.17 Pakistan
5.4.18 Rest of Asia Pacific
5.5 Europe
5.5.1 United Kingdom
5.5.1.1 Great Britain
5.5.1.2 Northern Ireland
5.5.2 Republic of Ireland
5.5.3 France
5.5.4 Germany
5.5.5 Belgium
5.5.6 Netherlands
5.5.7 Switzerland
5.5.8 Austria
5.5.9 Italy
5.5.10 Spain
5.5.11 Portugal
5.5.12 Sweden
5.5.13 Norway
5.5.14 Denmark
5.5.15 Finland
5.5.16 Estonia
5.5.17 Czech Republic
5.5.18 Poland
5.5.19 Ukraine
5.5.20 Turkiye
5.5.21 Cyprus
5.5.22 Greece
5.5.23 Bulgaria
5.5.24 Romania
5.5.25 Hungary
5.5.26 Slovenia
5.5.27 Croatia
5.5.28 Russia
5.5.29 Belarus
5.5.30 Rest of Europe
5.6 Middle East & Africa
5.6.1 Saudi Arabia
5.6.2 United Arab Emirates
5.6.3 Qatar
5.6.4 Oman
5.6.5 Bahrain
5.6.6 Kuwait
5.6.7 Iraq
5.6.8 Jordan
5.6.9 Israel
5.6.10 Egypt
5.6.11 Algeria
5.6.12 Morocco
5.6.13 Tunisia
5.6.14 South Africa
5.6.15 Botswana
5.6.16 Zambia
5.6.17 Kenya
5.6.18 Ethiopia
5.6.19 Angola
5.6.20 Republic of the Congo
5.6.21 Gabon
5.6.22 Nigeria
5.6.23 Uganda
5.6.24 Ghana
5.6.25 Senegal
5.6.26 Rest of the Middle East & Africa
5.7 Latin & Central America
5.7.1 Brazil
5.7.2 Mexico
5.7.3 Argentina
5.7.4 Colombia
5.7.5 Chile
5.7.6 Peru
5.7.7 Ecuador
5.7.8 Bolivia
5.7.9 Dominican Republic
5.7.10 Bardados
5.7.11 Trinidad & Tobago
5.7.12 Suriname
5.7.13 Rest of Latin & Central America
6 CHAPTER 6: STANDARDIZATION, REGULATORY & COLLABORATIVE INITIATIVES
6.1 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)
6.1.1 Release 15: 5G eMBB Capabilities, Introduction of Network Slicing & New Operating Bands
6.1.2 Release 16: 3GPP Support for NPNs, 5G URLLC, TSN, NR-U & Vertical Application Enablers
6.1.3 Release 17: NPN Enhancements, Edge Computing, TSC, Expansion of IIoT Features, RedCap & NTN Connectivity
6.1.4 Release 18: 5G Advanced, Further NPN Refinements, DetNet, Intelligent Automation, Spectrum Flexibility & XR Services
6.1.5 Releases 19, 20, 21 & Beyond: Succession From 5G Advanced to the 6G Evolution
6.2 450 MHz Alliance
6.2.1 Promoting 3GPP Technologies in the 380 470 MHz Frequency Range
6.3 5G-ACIA (5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation)
6.3.1 Maximizing the Applicability of 5G Technology in the Industrial Domain
6.4 5GAIA (5G Applications Industry Array)
6.4.1 Advancing the Development of China's 5G Applications Industry
6.5 5G Campus Network Alliance
6.5.1 Supporting the Market Development of 5G Campus Networks in Germany
6.6 5GDNA (5G Deterministic Networking Alliance)
6.6.1 Industry Collaboration & Promotion of 5GDN (5G Deterministic Networking)
6.7 5GFF (5G Future Forum)
6.7.1 Accelerating the Delivery of 5G MEC (Multi-Access Edge Computing) Solutions
6.8 5G Forum (South Korea)
6.8.1 Expanding Convergence Between 5G Technology & Vertical Industries
6.9 5G Health Association
6.9.1 Interfacing 5G-Based Connectivity & Healthcare Applications
6.10 5G-MAG (5G Media Action Group)
6.10.1 5G-Based NPNs in Media Production
6.11 5GMF (Fifth Generation Mobile Communication Promotion Forum, Japan)
6.11.1 Initiatives Related to Local 5G Networks in Japan
6.12 5GSA (5G Slicing Association)
6.12.1 Addressing Vertical Industry Requirements for 5G Network Slicing
6.13 6G-IA (6G Smart Networks and Services Industry Association)
6.13.1 Private 5G-Related Projects & Activities
6.14 AGURRE (Association of Major Users of Operational Radio Networks, France)
6.14.1 Spectrum Access, Regulatory Framework & Industrial Ecosystem for Private Mobile Networks
6.15 APCO (Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials) International
6.15.1 Public Safety 5G-Related Advocacy Efforts
6.16 ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions)
6.16.1 Deployment & Operational Requirements of 5G-Based NPNs
6.16.2 Shared HNI & IBN Administration for CBRS Spectrum
6.16.3 Other Private 5G-Related Initiatives
6.17 BTG (Dutch Association of Large-Scale ICT & Telecommunications Users)
6.17.1 KMBG (Dutch Critical Mobile Broadband Users) Expert Group
6.18 B-TrunC (Broadband Trunking Communication) Industry Alliance
6.18.1 B-TrunC Standard for 3GPP-Based Critical Communications
6.19 CAMET (China Association of Metros)
6.19.1 Adoption of 3GPP Networks for Urban Rail Transit Systems
6.20 CEPT (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations)
6.20.1 Common Spectrum Policies for Local 5G, PPDR Broadband & FRMCS
6.21 DSA (Dynamic Spectrum Alliance)
6.21.1 Promoting Unlicensed & Dynamic Access to Spectrum
6.22 Electricity Canada (Canadian Electricity Association)
6.22.1 PVNO & Dedicated Spectrum for Smart Grid Communications
6.23 ENTELEC (Energy Telecommunications and Electrical Association)
6.23.1 Policy Advocacy & Other Private 5G-Related Activities
6.24 EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute)
6.24.1 Research & Guidelines in Support of 3GPP-Based Utility Communications
6.25 ERA (European Union Agency for Railways)
6.25.1 Evolution of Railway Radio Communication Project
6.26 ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
6.26.1 Technical Specifications for FRMCS, PPDR Broadband, MCX & TETRA-3GPP Interworking
6.26.2 Other Work Relevant to Private 5G Networks
6.27 EU-Rail (Europe s Rail Joint Undertaking)
6.27.1 FRMCS-Related Research & Innovation Activities
6.28 EUTC (European Utilities Telecom Council)
6.28.1 Addressing 5G-Related Requirements for European Utilities
6.29 EUWENA (European Users of Enterprise Wireless Networks Association)
6.29.1 Catalyzing the Wider Adoption of 3GPP-Based Private Networks
6.30 EWA (Enterprise Wireless Alliance)
6.30.1 Supporting the Private Wireless Industry in the United States
6.31 free5GC
6.31.1 Open-Source 5GC Software
6.32 GSA (Global Mobile Suppliers Association)
6.32.1 Advocacy for Private Mobile Networks
6.33 GSMA (GSM Association)
6.33.1 Guidelines for 5G Private & Dedicated Networks
6.34 GUTMA (Global UTM Association)
6.34.1 ACJA (Aerial Connectivity Joint Activity) Initiative
6.35 ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
6.35.1 International & Regional Harmonization of 5G Spectrum
6.35.2 Defining the Role of IMT-2020 to Support Vertical Applications
6.36 JOTS (Joint Operators Technical Specification) Forum
6.36.1 NHIB (Neutral Host In-Building) Specification
6.37 JRC (Joint Radio Company)
6.37.1 Supporting 5G-Based Smart Grid Initiatives
6.38 KRRI (Korea Railroad Research Institute)
6.38.1 Functional Testing & Certification of 3GPP-Based Railway Communications Systems
6.39 LF (Linux Foundation)
6.39.1 Magma Mobile Core Software Platform
6.39.2 LF Networking's 5G Super Blueprint
6.39.3 LF Edge's Akraino Private 5G ICN (Integrated Cloud-Native) Blueprint
6.39.4 Other Projects Relevant to Private 5G Networks
6.40 MFA (Alliance for Private Networks)
6.40.1 Uni5G Technology Blueprints for Private 5G Networks
6.40.2 Network Identifier Program Supporting Private & Neutral Host Networks
6.41 MSSA (Mobile Satellite Services Association)
6.41.1 Advancing the Global Direct-to-Device NTN Ecosystem
6.42 NGA (Next G Alliance)
6.42.1 Building the Foundation for North American Leadership in 6G
6.43 NGMN (Next-Generation Mobile Networks) Alliance
6.43.1 Work Related to Private 5G & Network Slicing
6.44 NSC (National Spectrum Consortium)
6.44.1 Enhancing Spectrum Superiority & 5G Capabilities for Federal Users
6.45 OCP (Open Compute Project) Foundation
6.45.1 Initiatives Aimed at Open Designs for Telco Hardware
6.46 one6G Association
6.46.1 Driving 6G Innovation & Development Across Vertical Industries
6.47 ONF (Open Networking Foundation)
6.47.1 Aether Private 5G Connected Edge Platform
6.47.2 SD-RAN, SD-Core, OMEC & Other Relevant Projects
6.48 OnGo Alliance
6.48.1 Promoting 5G OnGo Wireless Network Technology
6.48.2 Technical Specifications & Guidelines for 5G NR-Based CBRS Networks
6.48.3 Product Certification Program Supporting Multi-Vendor Interoperability
6.49 OPC Foundation
6.49.1 OPC UA (Unified Architecture) Over 5G for Industry 4.0 Applications
6.50 Open RAN Policy Coalition
6.50.1 Promoting Policies to Drive the Adoption of Open RAN
6.51 Open5GCore
6.51.1 Vendor-Independent 5GC Implementation
6.52 Open5GS & NextEPC
6.52.1 Open-Source 5GC & EPC Software
6.53 OpenInfra (Open Infrastructure) Foundation
6.53.1 StarlingX Software Stack for Ultra-Low Latency Edge Applications
6.53.2 OpenStack Cloud Software & Other Projects
6.54 O-RAN Alliance
6.54.1 O-RAN Architecture Specifications
6.54.2 O-RAN SC (Software Community)
6.54.3 Testing & Integration Support
6.55 OSA (OpenAirInterface Software Alliance)
6.55.1 OAI (OpenAirInterface) 5G RAN, Core & MOSAIC5G Projects
6.56 PIA (PSBN Innovation Alliance)
6.56.1 PSBN (Public Safety Broadband Network) Governance in Canada's Ontario Province
6.57 PMeV (German Professional Mobile Radio Association)
6.57.1 Professional Broadband & 5G Campus Network-Related Activities
6.58 PSBTA (Public Safety Broadband Technology Association)
6.58.1 Public Safety 5G-Related Activities
6.59 PSCE (Public Safety Communication Europe)
6.59.1 Public Safety Broadband-Related Standardization Activities
6.59.2 BroadX Projects: Pan-European Interoperable Mobile Broadband System for Public Safety
6.60 Safe-Net Forum
6.60.1 Technical & Policy Guidance for 3GPP-Based Critical Communications Networks
6.61 SCF (Small Cell Forum)
6.61.1 Reference Blueprints for Private 5G Networks
6.61.2 Neutral Hosting, Edge Computing & Other Relevant Work
6.62 Seamless Air Alliance
6.62.1 Leading Global Standards for Inflight Connectivity
6.63 SimpleRAN
6.63.1 Ensuring Interoperability & Transparency in the vRAN Ecosystem
6.64 srsRAN Project
6.64.1 Open-Source 5G Software Suite
6.65 TCA (Trusted Connectivity Alliance)
6.65.1 5G SIM/eSIM Recommendations for Private Networks
6.66 TCCA (The Critical Communications Association)
6.66.1 CCBG (Critical Communications Broadband Group)
6.66.2 BIG (Broadband Industry Group)
6.66.3 SCADA, Smart Grid & IoT Group
6.66.4 Future Technologies Group
6.67 techUK
6.67.1 SPF (Spectrum Policy Forum)
6.68 TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)
6.68.1 Defining Requirements for LMR-3GPP Interworking & Critical Broadband Capabilities
6.69 TIP (Telecom Infra Project)
6.69.1 5G Private Networks Solution Group
6.69.2 Neutral Host NaaS Solution Group
6.69.3 OpenRAN & Open Core Network Groups
6.69.4 Other Relevant Product & Solution Groups
6.70 TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association, South Korea)
6.70.1 Standardization Efforts for 3GPP-Based Public Safety, Railway & Maritime Communications
6.71 U.S. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
6.71.1 Public Safety Broadband & 5G-Related R&D Initiatives
6.72 U.S. NPSTC (National Public Safety Telecommunications Council)
6.72.1 Leadership for LMR-3GPP Interworking & Public Safety Broadband Communications
6.73 U.S. NTIA (National Telecommunications and Information Administration)
6.73.1 Wireless Innovation & Supply Chain Security
6.74 UBBA (Utility Broadband Alliance)
6.74.1 Championing the Advancement of Private Broadband Networks for Utilities
6.75 UIC (International Union of Railways)
6.75.1 FRMCS Program for the Replacement of GSM-R Networks
6.76 UK5G Innovation Network
6.76.1 Promoting Private 5G Adoption Projects, Testbeds & Trials
6.77 UNIFE (The European Rail Supply Industry Association)
6.77.1 UNITEL Committee: Development & Implementation of FRMCS
6.78 UTC (Utilities Technology Council)
6.78.1 Private 5G-Related Advocacy, Technology Development & Policy Efforts
6.79 UTCAL (Utilities Telecom & Technology Council America Latina)
6.79.1 Promoting Private 5G Networks for Latin American Utilities
6.80 VDMA (German Mechanical and Plant Engineering Association)
6.80.1 Guidelines for 5G in Mechanical & Plant Engineering
6.81 WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance)
6.81.1 5G & Wi-Fi Convergence in Private 5G Networks
6.81.2 OpenRoaming for Private 5G
6.82 WhiteSpace Alliance
6.82.1 Promoting the Use of 3GPP, IEEE & IETF Standards for TVWS Spectrum
6.83 WInnForum (Wireless Innovation Forum)
6.83.1 CBRS Standards for the Implementation of FCC Rulemaking
6.83.2 6 GHz Unlicensed Sharing & Other Committees
6.84 XGP (eXtended Global Platform) Forum
6.84.1 Development & Promotion of the sXGP Unlicensed Service
6.85 Others
6.85.1 Vendor-Led Private 5G Alliances
6.85.2 National Government Agencies & Regulators
6.85.3 Regional & Country-Specific Associations
6.85.4 Global Industry Initiatives & Organizations
7 CHAPTER 7: CASE STUDIES OF PRIVATE 5G NETWORKS
7.1 ABP (Associated British Ports): Shared Access License-Enabled Private 5G Network for Port of Southampton
7.1.1 Operational Model
7.1.2 Spectrum Type
7.1.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.1.4 Deployment Summary
7.2 Adif AV (Alta Velocidad): Private 5G Infrastructure for Wireless Access in Strategic Logistics Terminals
7.2.1 Operational Model
7.2.2 Spectrum Type
7.2.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.2.4 Deployment Summary
7.3 Agnico Eagle Mines: Streamlining Mining Operations With Industrial-Grade Private 5G Networks
7.3.1 Operational Model
7.3.2 Spectrum Type
7.3.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.3.4 Deployment Summary
7.4 Airbus: Multi-Campus Private Cellular Network for Aircraft Manufacturing Facilities Across Europe
7.4.1 Operational Model
7.4.2 Spectrum Type
7.4.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.4.4 Deployment Summary
7.5 ANA (All Nippon Airways): Local 5G-Powered Digital Transformation of Aviation Training
7.5.1 Operational Model
7.5.2 Spectrum Type
7.5.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.5.4 Deployment Summary
7.6 ArcelorMittal: 5G Steel Project for Industrial Digitization & Automation
7.6.1 Operational Model
7.6.2 Spectrum Type
7.6.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.6.4 Deployment Summary
7.7 ASE Group: 28 GHz mmWave 5G Network for Semiconductor Manufacturing
7.7.1 Operational Model
7.7.2 Spectrum Type
7.7.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.7.4 Deployment Summary
7.8 ASN (Alcatel Submarine Networks): Private 5G Networks for Calais & Greenwich Production Sites
7.8.1 Operational Model
7.8.2 Spectrum Type
7.8.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.8.4 Deployment Summary
7.9 BAM Nuttall: Accelerating Innovation at Construction Sites With Private 5G Networks
7.9.1 Operational Model
7.9.2 Spectrum Type
7.9.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.9.4 Deployment Summary
7.10 Barcelona Port Authority: Standalone Private 5G Network for 500 Tenant Companies
7.10.1 Operational Model
7.10.2 Spectrum Type
7.10.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.10.4 Deployment Summary
7.11 BASF: 5G Campus Networks for Real-Time Wireless Connectivity in Chemical Production Sites
7.11.1 Operational Model
7.11.2 Spectrum Type
7.11.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.11.4 Deployment Summary
7.12 BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation): Portable 5G-Based NPN Solution for News Contribution
7.12.1 Operational Model
7.12.2 Spectrum Type
7.12.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.12.4 Deployment Summary
7.13 BHP: Transitioning From Private LTE to Standalone 5G Networks for Advanced Digitization & Automation
7.13.1 Operational Model
7.13.2 Spectrum Type
7.13.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.13.4 Deployment Summary
7.14 BlackRock: On-Premise Private 5G Network Installation for New York Global Headquarters
7.14.1 Operational Model
7.14.2 Spectrum Type
7.14.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.14.4 Deployment Summary
7.15 BMW Group: Private 5G Networks for Autonomous Intralogistics in Production Plants
7.15.1 Operational Model
7.15.2 Spectrum Type
7.15.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.15.4 Deployment Summary
7.16 Boston Children's Hospital: Scalable Hybrid Public-Private 5G Network for Connected Healthcare
7.16.1 Operational Model
7.16.2 Spectrum Type
7.16.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.16.4 Deployment Summary
7.17 BT Media & Broadcast: Private 5G Networks for Live Sports Content Production
7.17.1 Operational Model
7.17.2 Spectrum Type
7.17.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.17.4 Deployment Summary
7.18 Cal Poly (California Polytechnic State University): Converged Public-Private 5G Network
7.18.1 Operational Model
7.18.2 Spectrum Type
7.18.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.18.4 Deployment Summary
7.19 China National Coal Group: Multi-Band 700 MHz & 2.6 GHz Private 5G Network for Dahaize Coal Mine
7.19.1 Operational Model
7.19.2 Spectrum Type
7.19.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.19.4 Deployment Summary
7.20 CJ Logistics: Bolstering Fulfillment Center Productivity Using Private 5G Network
7.20.1 Operational Model
7.20.2 Spectrum Type
7.20.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.20.4 Deployment Summary
7.21 Cleveland Clinic: Private 5G Network for Mentor Hospital
7.21.1 Operational Model
7.21.2 Spectrum Type
7.21.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.21.4 Deployment Summary
7.22 Cologne Bonn Airport: Revolutionizing Internal Operations With Private 5G Campus Network
7.22.1 Operational Model
7.22.2 Spectrum Type
7.22.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.22.4 Deployment Summary
7.23 COMAC (Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China): 5G-Connected Intelligent Aircraft Manufacturing Factories
7.23.1 Operational Model
7.23.2 Spectrum Type
7.23.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.23.4 Deployment Summary
7.24 CSG (China Southern Power Grid): Harnessing Private Cellular Systems & 5G Network Slicing for Smart Grid Operations
7.24.1 Operational Model
7.24.2 Spectrum Type
7.24.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.24.4 Deployment Summary
7.25 DB (Deutsche Bahn): Digitizing & Automating Rail Operations With 5G-Based FRMCS
7.25.1 Operational Model
7.25.2 Spectrum Type
7.25.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.25.4 Deployment Summary
7.26 Delta Electronics: Private 5G Networks for Manufacturing Facilities in Taiwan & Thailand
7.26.1 Operational Model
7.26.2 Spectrum Type
7.26.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.26.4 Deployment Summary
7.27 District of Ban Chang: 26 GHz mmWave Private 5G Network for Smart City Services
7.27.1 Operational Model
7.27.2 Spectrum Type
7.27.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.27.4 Deployment Summary
7.28 Dongyi Group Coal Gasification Company: Hybrid Public-Private Network for Xinyan Coal Mine
7.28.1 Operational Model
7.28.2 Spectrum Type
7.28.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.28.4 Deployment Summary
7.29 EHIME CATV: Gigabit-Grade FWA Service Using 28 GHz Local 5G Network
7.29.1 Operational Model
7.29.2 Spectrum Type
7.29.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.29.4 Deployment Summary
7.30 Estonian Ministry of Defense: Private 5G Network for CR14 (Cyber Range 14)
7.30.1 Operational Model
7.30.2 Spectrum Type
7.30.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.30.4 Deployment Summary
7.31 EUROGATE: 5G Campus Networks for the Digitization of Port Logistics
7.31.1 Operational Model
7.31.2 Spectrum Type
7.31.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.31.4 Deployment Summary
7.32 EWG (East-West Gate) Intermodal Terminal: Private 5G Network for Smart Railway Logistics
7.32.1 Operational Model
7.32.2 Spectrum Type
7.32.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.32.4 Deployment Summary
7.33 Ferrovial: Standalone Private 5G Network for Silvertown Tunnel Project
7.33.1 Operational Model
7.33.2 Spectrum Type
7.33.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.33.4 Deployment Summary
7.34 Fiskarheden: Local 3.7 GHz License-Based Private 5G Network for Transtrand Sawmill
7.34.1 Operational Model
7.34.2 Spectrum Type
7.34.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.34.4 Deployment Summary
7.35 Frankfurt University Hospital: Dedicated 5G Network for Secure Medical Messaging & Remote Diagnostics
7.35.1 Operational Model
7.35.2 Spectrum Type
7.35.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.35.4 Deployment Summary
7.36 Fraport: Private 5G Campus Network for Future-Oriented Operations at Frankfurt Airport
7.36.1 Operational Model
7.36.2 Spectrum Type
7.36.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.36.4 Deployment Summary
7.37 Fujitsu: Japan's First 5G Network Installation Based on 28 GHz Local 5G Spectrum
7.37.1 Operational Model
7.37.2 Spectrum Type
7.37.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.37.4 Deployment Summary
7.38 Gerdau: Private 5G Network for Ouro Branco Steel Production Plant
7.38.1 Operational Model
7.38.2 Spectrum Type
7.38.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.38.4 Deployment Summary
7.39 Gogo Business Aviation: 5G A2G Wireless Network for Inflight Connectivity
7.39.1 Operational Model
7.39.2 Spectrum Type
7.39.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.39.4 Deployment Summary
7.40 Guangzhou Metro: 5G + Smart Metro Project for Urban Rail Transit
7.40.1 Operational Model
7.40.2 Spectrum Type
7.40.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.40.4 Deployment Summary
7.41 Hanshin Electric Railway: Capitalizing on Local 5G for Safer & Efficient Railway Operations
7.41.1 Operational Model
7.41.2 Spectrum Type
7.41.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.41.4 Deployment Summary
7.42 Helios Park Hospital: Enhancing Medical System Efficiency With Standalone 5G Campus Network
7.42.1 Operational Model
7.42.2 Spectrum Type
7.42.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.42.4 Deployment Summary
7.43 Hip Hing Engineering: Dedicated 5G Network for Kai Tak Sports Park
7.43.1 Operational Model
7.43.2 Spectrum Type
7.43.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.43.4 Deployment Summary
7.44 Hiroshima Gas: Local 5G-Powered Safety Operations at Hatsukaichi LNG Terminal
7.44.1 Operational Model
7.44.2 Spectrum Type
7.44.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.44.4 Deployment Summary
7.45 HKIA (Hong Kong International Airport): 28 GHz Public-Private 5G Infrastructure Project
7.45.1 Operational Model
7.45.2 Spectrum Type
7.45.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.45.4 Deployment Summary
7.46 Hoban Construction: 4.7 GHz Private 5G Network for Apartment Complex Worksite
7.46.1 Operational Model
7.46.2 Spectrum Type
7.46.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.46.4 Deployment Summary
7.47 Hsinchu City Fire Department: Satellite-Backhauled Private 5G Network for PPDR Communications
7.47.1 Operational Model
7.47.2 Spectrum Type
7.47.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.47.4 Deployment Summary
7.48 Hutchison Ports: Driving the Digitization & Automation of Ports Through Private 5G Networks
7.48.1 Operational Model
7.48.2 Spectrum Type
7.48.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.48.4 Deployment Summary
7.49 Inventec Corporation: Standalone Private 5G Network for Taoyuan Guishan Plant
7.49.1 Operational Model
7.49.2 Spectrum Type
7.49.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.49.4 Deployment Summary
7.50 IRFU (Irish Rugby Football Union): Enabling Fast In-Play Data Analysis With Private 5G Network
7.50.1 Operational Model
7.50.2 Spectrum Type
7.50.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.50.4 Deployment Summary
7.51 Jacto: Private 5G Network for Paulopolis Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Plant
7.51.1 Operational Model
7.51.2 Spectrum Type
7.51.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.51.4 Deployment Summary
7.52 JBG SMITH Properties: National Landing Private 5G Infrastructure Platform
7.52.1 Operational Model
7.52.2 Spectrum Type
7.52.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.52.4 Deployment Summary
7.53 JD Logistics: Migrating AGV Communications From Wi-Fi to Private 5G Networks
7.53.1 Operational Model
7.53.2 Spectrum Type
7.53.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.53.4 Deployment Summary
7.54 John Deere: Employing Private 5G Networks to Unshackle Industrial Facilities From Cables
7.54.1 Operational Model
7.54.2 Spectrum Type
7.54.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.54.4 Deployment Summary
7.55 Kansai Electric Power: Enhancing Power Station & Wind Farm Maintenance Using Local 5G Networks
7.55.1 Operational Model
7.55.2 Spectrum Type
7.55.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.55.4 Deployment Summary
7.56 Kaohsiung City Police Department: Sliced Private 5G Network for Smart Patrol Cars
7.56.1 Operational Model
7.56.2 Spectrum Type
7.56.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.56.4 Deployment Summary
7.57 Kawasaki Heavy Industries: Connecting Smart Factory Robotics With Local 5G Technology
7.57.1 Operational Model
7.57.2 Spectrum Type
7.57.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.57.4 Deployment Summary
7.58 KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation): Private 5G Networks for Substation Management
7.58.1 Operational Model
7.58.2 Spectrum Type
7.58.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.58.4 Deployment Summary
7.59 Kumagai Gumi: Unleashing the Potential of Unmanned Construction Using Local 5G Networks
7.59.1 Operational Model
7.59.2 Spectrum Type
7.59.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.59.4 Deployment Summary
7.60 Latvian Ministry of Defense: Camp Adazi 5G Testbed for Defense Innovations
7.60.1 Operational Model
7.60.2 Spectrum Type
7.60.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.60.4 Deployment Summary
7.61 Lishui Municipal Emergency Management: 5G-Enabled Natural Disaster Management System
7.61.1 Operational Model
7.61.2 Spectrum Type
7.61.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.61.4 Deployment Summary
7.62 Liverpool 5G Create Project: Standalone Private 5G Network for Digital Health, Education & Social Care
7.62.1 Operational Model
7.62.2 Spectrum Type
7.62.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.62.4 Deployment Summary
7.63 Lufthansa Technik: Industrial-Grade 5G Campus Network for Hamburg Engine Shops
7.63.1 Operational Model
7.63.2 Spectrum Type
7.63.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.63.4 Deployment Summary
7.64 Mercedes-Benz Group: World's First 5G Campus Network for Automotive Production
7.64.1 Operational Model
7.64.2 Spectrum Type
7.64.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.64.4 Deployment Summary
7.65 Midea Group: 5G-Connected Factories for Washing Machine Manufacturing
7.65.1 Operational Model
7.65.2 Spectrum Type
7.65.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.65.4 Deployment Summary
7.66 Mitsubishi Electric: Local 5G-Based Industrial Wireless System for Factory Automation
7.66.1 Operational Model
7.66.2 Spectrum Type
7.66.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.66.4 Deployment Summary
7.67 Narita International Airport: Local 5G Network for Self-Driving Shuttle Buses & Critical Communications
7.67.1 Operational Model
7.67.2 Spectrum Type
7.67.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.67.4 Deployment Summary
7.68 Navantia: Digital Transformation of Shipyard Operations Using Dedicated 5G Infrastructure & Edge Computing
7.68.1 Operational Model
7.68.2 Spectrum Type
7.68.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.68.4 Deployment Summary
7.69 NEC Corporation: Improving Production Efficiency With Local 5G-Connected Autonomous Transport System
7.69.1 Operational Model
7.69.2 Spectrum Type
7.69.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.69.4 Deployment Summary
7.70 NLMK Group: Digitizing Steel Production & Mining Operations With Private Wireless Networks
7.70.1 Operational Model
7.70.2 Spectrum Type
7.70.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.70.4 Deployment Summary
7.71 Norwegian Armed Forces: Defense-Specific Network Slices & Tactical Private 5G Systems
7.71.1 Operational Model
7.71.2 Spectrum Type
7.71.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.71.4 Deployment Summary
7.72 PCK Raffinerie: Accelerating Oil Refinery Digitization With 5G Campus Network
7.72.1 Operational Model
7.72.2 Spectrum Type
7.72.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.72.4 Deployment Summary
7.73 Port of Tyne: Advancing Smart Port Transformation With Private 5G Network
7.73.1 Operational Model
7.73.2 Spectrum Type
7.73.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.73.4 Deployment Summary
7.74 POSCO: Leveraging Private 5G to Link Autonomous Locomotives & Railway Control Systems
7.74.1 Operational Model
7.74.2 Spectrum Type
7.74.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.74.4 Deployment Summary
7.75 PSA International: Private 5G Networks for Container Terminal Operations
7.75.1 Operational Model
7.75.2 Spectrum Type
7.75.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.75.4 Deployment Summary
7.76 Ricoh: Embracing Digital Innovation in Production Operations With Local 5G Networks
7.76.1 Operational Model
7.76.2 Spectrum Type
7.76.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.76.4 Deployment Summary
7.77 Robert Bosch: Automating & Digitizing Manufacturing Facilities With Private 5G Networks
7.77.1 Operational Model
7.77.2 Spectrum Type
7.77.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.77.4 Deployment Summary
7.78 ROKN (Republic of Korea Navy): Secure Private 5G Network for Second Fleet Operations
7.78.1 Operational Model
7.78.2 Spectrum Type
7.78.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.78.4 Deployment Summary
7.79 Ryder Cup Golf Competition: Integrated Private 5G/Wi-Fi Network for Fans & Staff
7.79.1 Operational Model
7.79.2 Spectrum Type
7.79.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.79.4 Deployment Summary
7.80 Sao Martinho: Pioneering Smart Agribusiness Innovations With Private 5G Networks
7.80.1 Operational Model
7.80.2 Spectrum Type
7.80.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.80.4 Deployment Summary
7.81 SCA (Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget): Local 5G Connectivity for Timber Terminals & Paper Mills
7.81.1 Operational Model
7.81.2 Spectrum Type
7.81.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.81.4 Deployment Summary
7.82 SGCC (State Grid Corporation of China): Sliced Public-Private 5G & 5.8 GHz Private NR-U Networks
7.82.1 Operational Model
7.82.2 Spectrum Type
7.82.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.82.4 Deployment Summary
7.83 Siemens: Independently Developed Private 5G Infrastructure for Industry 4.0 Applications
7.83.1 Operational Model
7.83.2 Spectrum Type
7.83.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.83.4 Deployment Summary
7.84 Sinopec (China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation): 5G + Smart Petrochemical Project
7.84.1 Operational Model
7.84.2 Spectrum Type
7.84.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.84.4 Deployment Summary
7.85 SMC (Samsung Medical Center): On-Premise Private 5G Network for Medical Education
7.85.1 Operational Model
7.85.2 Spectrum Type
7.85.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.85.4 Deployment Summary
7.86 Snam: Hybrid 5G MPN (Mobile Private Network) for 23 Plants
7.86.1 Operational Model
7.86.2 Spectrum Type
7.86.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.86.4 Deployment Summary
7.87 SNCF (French National Railways): Enabling Rail Innovations With 5G Technology
7.87.1 Operational Model
7.87.2 Spectrum Type
7.87.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.87.4 Deployment Summary
7.88 Swedish Armed Forces: Tactical 5G Bubbles for Secure Military Communications
7.88.1 Operational Model
7.88.2 Spectrum Type
7.88.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.88.4 Deployment Summary
7.89 TBN (Trinity Broadcasting Network): Private 5G Network for Broadcast Studio
7.89.1 Operational Model
7.89.2 Spectrum Type
7.89.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.89.4 Deployment Summary
7.90 Tianjin Port Group: On-Premise 5G Infrastructure for Intelligent & Automated Port Operations
7.90.1 Operational Model
7.90.2 Spectrum Type
7.90.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.90.4 Deployment Summary
7.91 Tokyo Metropolitan University: L5G (Local 5G) Project in Support of 'Future Tokyo' Strategy
7.91.1 Operational Model
7.91.2 Spectrum Type
7.91.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.91.4 Deployment Summary
7.92 U.S. DOD (Department of Defense): Expanding 5G-Enabled Communications & Warfighting Capabilities
7.92.1 Operational Model
7.92.2 Spectrum Type
7.92.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.92.4 Deployment Summary
7.93 UKD (University Hospital of Dusseldorf): Improving Patient Care & Saving Lives With 5G Campus Network
7.93.1 Operational Model
7.93.2 Spectrum Type
7.93.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.93.4 Deployment Summary
7.94 Ushino Nakayama: Transforming Kagoshima Wagyu Beef Production With Local 5G Connectivity
7.94.1 Operational Model
7.94.2 Spectrum Type
7.94.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.94.4 Deployment Summary
7.95 VA Palo Alto Health Care System: Campus-Wide Private 5G Network for Clinical Care Applications
7.95.1 Operational Model
7.95.2 Spectrum Type
7.95.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.95.4 Deployment Summary
7.96 Volkswagen Group: Private 5G for Smart Manufacturing & Intelligent Vehicle Development
7.96.1 Operational Model
7.96.2 Spectrum Type
7.96.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.96.4 Deployment Summary
7.97 VPA (Virginia Port Authority): Private 5G Connectivity for Semi-Automated Container Terminals
7.97.1 Operational Model
7.97.2 Spectrum Type
7.97.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.97.4 Deployment Summary
7.98 West China Second University Hospital (Sichuan University): Enabling Smart Healthcare With Private 5G Network
7.98.1 Operational Model
7.98.2 Spectrum Type
7.98.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.98.4 Deployment Summary
7.99 WISCO (Wuhan Iron & Steel Corporation): Dual-Layer 2.1 GHz & 3.5 GHz Private 5G Network for Steel Plant
7.99.1 Operational Model
7.99.2 Spectrum Type
7.99.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.99.4 Deployment Summary
7.100 X Shore: Empowering Electric Boat Manufacturing With Private 5G Network
7.100.1 Operational Model
7.100.2 Spectrum Type
7.100.3 Integrators & Suppliers
7.100.4 Deployment Summary
8 CHAPTER 8: KEY ECOSYSTEM PLAYERS
8.1 10T Tech
8.2 1NCE
8.3 1oT
8.4 2TEST (Alkor-Communication)
8.5 3D-P (Epiroc)
8.6 450connect
8.7 4K Solutions
8.8 4RF
8.9 6Harmonics/6WiLInk
8.10 6WIND
8.11 7P (Seven Principles)
8.12 A Beep/Diga-Talk+
8.13 A1 Telekom Austria Group
8.14 A10 Networks
8.15 A5G Networks
8.16 AAEON Technology (ASUS ASUSTeK Computer)
8.17 Aarna Networks
8.18 ABB
8.19 ABEL Mobilfunk
8.20 ABiT Corporation
8.21 ABS
8.22 Abside Networks
8.23 Accedian
8.24 AccelerComm
8.25 Accelink Technologies
8.26 Accelleran
8.27 Accenture
8.28 Access Spectrum
8.29 Accton Technology Corporation
8.30 Accuver (InnoWireless)
8.31 ACE Technologies
8.32 AceTel (Ace Solutions)
8.33 Achronix Semiconductor Corporation
8.34 ACOME
8.35 Actelis Networks
8.36 Action Technologies (Shenzhen Action Technologies)
8.37 Actiontec Electronics
8.38 Active911
8.39 Actus Networks
8.40 Adax
8.41 Adcor Magnet Systems
8.42 ADI (Analog Devices, Inc.)
8.43 ADLINK Technology
8.44 ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies)
8.45 ADT
8.46 Adtran
8.47 Advanced Energy Industries
8.48 AdvanceTec Industries
8.49 Advantech
8.50 Advantech Wireless Technologies (Baylin Technologies)
8.51 Aegex Technologies
8.52 Aerial Applications
8.53 Aeris
8.54 Aerostar International
8.55 Aethertek
8.56 Affarii Technologies
8.57 Affirmed Networks (Microsoft Corporation)
8.58 AFL Global
8.59 AFRY
8.60 Agile (Agile Interoperable Solutions)
8.61 AGIS (Advanced Ground Information Systems)
8.62 AGM Mobile
8.63 AH NET (MVM NET)
8.64 AI-LINK
8.65 AINA Wireless
8.66 Airbus/SLC (Secure Land Communications)
8.67 Airfide Networks
8.68 Airgain
8.69 AirHop Communications
8.70 Airlinq
8.71 Airspan Networks
8.72 Airtower Networks
8.73 Airwavz Solutions
8.74 AIS (Advanced Info Service)
8.75 AiVader
8.76 Akamai Technologies
8.77 Akoustis Technologies
8.78 Alaxala Networks Corporation (Fortinet)
8.79 ALBEDO Telecom
8.80 albis-elcon (UET United Electronic Technology)
8.81 Alcadis
8.82 Alea (Leonardo)
8.83 Alef (Alef Edge)
8.84 Alepo
8.85 Alibaba Group
8.86 Aliniant
8.87 Allbesmart
8.88 Allen Vanguard Wireless
8.89 Allerio
8.90 Allied Telesis
8.91 Allot
8.92 Alpha Networks
8.93 Alpha Wireless
8.94 Alsatis Reseaux
8.95 Alstom
8.96 Altaeros
8.97 Altair Semiconductor (Sony Semiconductor Israel)
8.98 ALTAN Redes
8.99 Altice Group
8.100 ALVIS (Argentina)
8.101 AM Telecom
8.102 Amantya Technologies
8.103 Amarisoft
8.104 Amazon/AWS (Amazon Web Services)
8.105 Ambra Solutions-ECOTEL
8.106 AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)
8.107 Amdocs
8.108 America Movil
8.109 American Tower Corporation
8.110 AMI (American Megatrends International)
8.111 AMIT Wireless
8.112 Ampere Computing
8.113 Amphenol Corporation
8.114 Ampleon
8.115 Amtele Communication
8.116 Andesat
8.117 ANDRO Computational Solutions
8.118 Anktion (Fujian) Technology
8.119 Anokiwave
8.120 Anritsu
8.121 ANS Advanced Network Services (Charge Enterprises)
8.122 Antenna Company
8.123 Anterix
8.124 Antevia Networks
8.125 Antna Antenna Technology
8.126 Aorotech
8.127 Apple
8.128 APRESIA Systems
8.129 APSTAR (APT Satellite Company)
8.130 APT (Asia Pacific Telecom)
8.131 aql
8.132 Aquila (Suzhou Aquila Solutions)
8.133 Aqura Technologies (Telstra Purple)
8.134 Arabsat
8.135 Arcadyan Technology Corporation (Compal Electronics)
8.136 Archos
8.137 Arctic Semiconductor (Formerly SiTune Corporation)
8.138 Arete M
8.139 Argela
8.140 ArgoNET
8.141 Aria Networks
8.142 Arista Networks
8.143 Arkessa (Wireless Logic Group)
8.144 Arm
8.145 Armour Communications
8.146 Arqit Quantum
8.147 ArrayComm (Chengdu ArrayComm Wireless Technologies)
8.148 Arrcus
8.149 Artemis Networks
8.150 Artiza Networks
8.151 Aruba (HPE Hewlett Packard Enterprise)
8.152 Arukona
8.153 Asavie
8.154 ASELSAN
8.155 AsiaInfo Technologies
8.156 AsiaSat (Asia Satellite Telecommunications Company)
8.157 Askey Computer Corporation (ASUS ASUSTeK Computer)
8.158 ASOCS
8.159 Aspire Technology (NEC Corporation)
8.160 ASR Microelectronics
8.161 AST SpaceMobile
8.162 ASTELLA (Astella Technologies)
8.163 ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute)
8.164 ASUS (ASUSTeK Computer)
8.165 Asylon
8.166 AT&T
8.167 Ataya
8.168 ATDI
8.169 ATEL (Asiatelco Technologies)
8.170 Atel Antennas
8.171 Atesio
8.172 Athonet (HPE Hewlett Packard Enterprise)
8.173 ATL A Test Lab (Eurofins E&E Electrical and Electronics)
8.174 Atlas Telecom
8.175 AtlasEdge (Liberty Global/DigitalBridge Group)
8.176 ATN International
8.177 Atos
8.178 Atrinet
8.179 Attabotics
8.180 AttoCore
8.181 Auden Techno
8.182 Auray Technology (Auden Techno)
8.183 Avanti Communications
8.184 Avari Wireless
8.185 AVI
8.186 Aviat Networks
8.187 Avidyne Corporation
8.188 AVIWEST (Haivision)
8.189 AVM
8.190 AW2S Advanced Wireless Solutions and Services (SERMA Group)
8.191 AWTG
8.192 AXESS Networks (HISPASAT)
8.193 Axians (VINCI Energies)
8.194 Axiata Group
8.195 Axione
8.196 Axis Communications
8.197 Axon
8.198 Axtel
8.199 Axxcelera Broadband Wireless (Axxcss Wireless Solutions)
8.200 Axxcss Wireless Solutions
8.201 Azcom Technology
8.202 Azetti Networks
8.203 B+B SmartWorx (Advantech)
8.204 BAE Systems
8.205 Baicells
8.206 Ball Aerospace
8.207 Ballast Networks
8.208 BandRich
8.209 BandwidthX
8.210 Barrett Communications (Motorola Solutions)
8.211 BATS Wireless (Broadband Antenna Tracking Systems)
8.212 BAYFU (Bayerische Funknetz)
8.213 Baylin Technologies
8.214 BBB (BB Backbone Corporation)
8.215 BBK Electronics
8.216 BCDVideo
8.217 Beam Semiconductor
8.218 Beamlink
8.219 BearCom
8.220 BEC Technologies (Billion Electric)
8.221 becon
8.222 Beeper Communications
8.223 Beijer Electronics Group
8.224 Belden
8.225 BelFone
8.226 Bell Canada
8.227 Bellantenna
8.228 Benetel
8.229 BesoVideo
8.230 Betacom
8.231 Bharti Airtel
8.232 BHE (Bonn Hungary Electronics)
8.233 BICS (Proximus)
8.234 BinnenBereik (NOVEC)
8.235 Bird Technologies
8.236 BISDN (Berlin Institute for Software Defined Networks)
8.237 Bittium
8.238 BK Technologies
8.239 Black & Veatch
8.240 Black Box
8.241 BlackBerry
8.242 Blackned
8.243 BLiNQ Networks (CCI Communication Components Inc.)
8.244 Blu Wireless
8.245 Blue Arcus Technologies
8.246 Blue Wireless
8.247 Bluebird
8.248 Blueforce Development Corporation
8.249 BLUnet Schweiz (Axpo WZ-Systems)
8.250 Boeing/Aurora Flight Sciences
8.251 Boelink (Shanghai Boelink Communication Technology)
8.252 Boingo Wireless (DigitalBridge Group)
8.253 Boldyn Networks (Formerly BAI Communications)
8.254 Bombardier
8.255 Booz Allen Hamilton
8.256 Boston Dynamics
8.257 Bouygues Telecom
8.258 Boxchip
8.259 Branch Communications
8.260 BravoCom
8.261 Bredengen
8.262 Broadcom
8.263 BroadForward
8.264 Broadmobi Shanghai Broadmobi Communication Technology (Wutong Group)
8.265 Broadpeak
8.266 Broadtech
8.267 BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited)
8.268 BT Group
8.269 BTI Wireless
8.270 BubbleRAN
8.271 Bullitt Mobile
8.272 Bumicom Telecommunicatie
8.273 Bureau Veritas/7Layers
8.274 BVSystems (Berkeley Varitronics Systems)
8.275 BWT (BlueWaveTel)
8.276 BYD
8.277 B-Yond
8.278 C Spire
8.279 C Squared Systems
8.280 C3Spectra
8.281 CableFree (Wireless Excellence)
8.282 CableLabs
8.283 CACI International/LGS Innovations
8.284 Cadence Design Systems
8.285 CalAmp
8.286 CalChip Connect
8.287 Caliber Public Safety
8.288 Calix
8.289 Calnex Solutions
8.290 Caltta Technologies
8.291 Cambium Networks
8.292 Cambridge Consultants (Capgemini Invent)
8.293 CampusGenius
8.294 Canoga Perkins
8.295 Canonical
8.296 Capgemini Engineering
8.297 CapX Nederland
8.298 Carbyne
8.299 Casa Systems (Axyom & NetComm Portfolio)
8.300 CASIC (China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation)
8.301 Casio Computer Company
8.302 Castor Marine
8.303 Catalyst Communications Technologies
8.304 Cavli Wireless
8.305 CBNG (Cambridge Broadband Networks Group)
8.306 CCI (Communication Components Inc.)
8.307 CCN (Cirrus Core Networks)
8.308 CCww (Communications Consultants Worldwide)
8.309 Cegeka
8.310 CeLa Link Corporation
8.311 Celfinet (Cyient)
8.312 CellAntenna Corporation
8.313 Cellcomm Solutions
8.314 Cellient
8.315 Celling 5G
8.316 CellMax Technologies (Rosenberger)
8.317 Cellnex Telecom
8.318 Cellwize (Qualcomm)
8.319 cellXica
8.320 cellXion
8.321 Celona
8.322 CelPlan Technologies
8.323 Centerline Communications
8.324 CENTRA Technology
8.325 CentralSquare Technologies
8.326 Ceragon Networks
8.327 Cerillion
8.328 CertusNet
8.329 CETC (China Electronics Technology Group Corporation)
8.330 CETIN Group
8.331 CEVA
8.332 CGI
8.333 Challenge Networks (Vocus)
8.334 Charter Communications
8.335 Cheerzing (Xiamen Cheerzing IoT Technology)
8.336 Chelton
8.337 Chemring Technology Solutions
8.338 Chengdu NTS
8.339 China All Access
8.340 China Mobile
8.341 China Satcom (China Satellite Communications)
8.342 China Telecom
8.343 China Unicom
8.344 Chunghwa Telecom
8.345 Cibicom
8.346 CICT China Information and Communication Technology Group (China Xinke Group)
8.347 Ciena Corporation
8.348 CIG (Cambridge Industries Group)
8.349 CIO (Connected IO)
8.350 Cirpack
8.351 Cisco Systems
8.352 Citymesh (Cegeka/DIGI Communications)
8.353 CitySwitch
8.354 CKH IOD (CK Hutchison)
8.355 Clavister
8.356 Clever Logic
8.357 CloudMinds
8.358 CMIoT (China Mobile IoT)
8.359 Cobham
8.360 COCUS
8.361 Codan Communications
8.362 Codium Networks
8.363 Cogisys
8.364 Cognizant
8.365 Cohere Technologies
8.366 Coherent (Formerly II-VI)
8.367 Coherent Logix
8.368 Coiler Corporation
8.369 Collinear Networks (EOS Electro Optic Systems)
8.370 Collins Aerospace (RTX Corporation)
8.371 Colt Technology Services
8.372 Com4 (Wireless Logic Group)
8.373 Comander (ANDRA)
8.374 Comarch
8.375 Comba Telecom
8.376 Combain Mobile
8.377 Comcast Corporation
8.378 Comcores
8.379 Comfone
8.380 COMLAB
8.381 CommAgility (E-Space)
8.382 CommandWear Systems
8.383 Commnet Wireless (ATN International)
8.384 Comms365
8.385 CommScope
8.386 Compal Electronics
8.387 Comprod
8.388 Comptek Technologies (Aero Wireless Group)
8.389 Comrod Communication Group
8.390 COMSovereign
8.391 Comtech Telecommunications Corporation
8.392 Comtest Wireless
8.393 Comtrend Corporation
8.394 Comviva (Tech Mahindra)
8.395 CONET Technologies
8.396 CONEXIO Corporation
8.397 CONGIV (ROBUR Industry Service Group)
8.398 Connect Tech
8.399 Connect44 Group
8.400 Connectivity Wireless Solutions (M/C Partners)
8.401 Consort Digital
8.402 Contela
8.403 Coolpad
8.404 CopaSAT
8.405 coreNOC
8.406 Cornerstone (CTIL)
8.407 Cornet Technology
8.408 Corning
8.409 Cortina Access
8.410 Cosemi Technologies
8.411 COSMOTE (OTE Group)
8.412 Council Rock
8.413 Coweaver
8.414 Cox Communications
8.415 Cradlepoint (Ericsson)
8.416 Creanord
8.417 CrisisGo
8.418 CROSSCALL
8.419 Crown Castle International Corporation
8.420 CRSC (China Railway Signal & Communication Corporation)/CASCO Signal
8.421 CS Corporation
8.422 CSG Systems International
8.423 CTG (Celestia Technologies Group)
8.424 CTL
8.425 CTS (Communication Technology Services)
8.426 CTS Corporation
8.427 Cubic Corporation
8.428 Cubic Telecom
8.429 Cumucore
8.430 Custom MMIC
8.431 CybertelBridge 1000
8.432 Cyient 1001
8.433 Cyrus Technology 1002
8.434 D2 Technologies 1003
8.435 DAEL Group 1004
8.436 Daeyoun System Company 1005
8.437 Dahua Technology 1006
8.438 Dali Wireless 1007
8.439 DAMM Cellular Systems 1008
8.440 DATACOM 1009
8.441 DataSoft 1010
8.442 DBcom 1011
8.443 dbSpectra 1012
8.444 DeepSig 1013
8.445 Dejero Labs 1014
8.446 DEKRA 1015
8.447 Dell Technologies 1016
8.448 Delta Electronics 1017
8.449 DENGYO (Nihon Dengyo Kosaku) 1018
8.450 Dense Air (SIP Sidewalk Infrastructure Partners) 1019
8.451 Deutsche Funkturm 1020
8.452 DGS (Digital Global Systems) 1021
8.453 Dialogic 1022
8.454 Diamond Communications 1023
8.455 Digi International 1024
8.456 Digicert 1025
8.457 Digis Squared 1026
8.458 Digita (DigitalBridge Group) 1027
8.459 Digital Ally 1028
8.460 Digital Enhancement 1029
8.461 DigitalBridge Group 1030
8.462 DigitalRoute 1031
8.463 Digitata 1032
8.464 DigitGate (Nanjing DigitGate Communication Technology) 1033
8.465 Dimetor 1034
8.466 DISH Network Corporation 1035
8.467 DKK (Denki Kogyo) 1036
8.468 D-Link Corporation 1037
8.469 DMI 1038
8.470 Doodle Labs 1039
8.471 Doogee 1040
8.472 Doosan Corporation 1041
8.473 DragonWave-X (COMSovereign) 1042
8.474 Drakontas 1043
8.475 DriveNets 1044
8.476 Drone Aviation (COMSovereign) 1045
8.477 DroneSense 1046
8.478 Druid Software 1047
8.479 DSBJ (Suzhou Dongshan Precision Manufacturing) 1048
8.480 DT (Deutsche Telekom) 1049
8.481 DTAC (Total Access Communication) 1050
8.482 du (EITC Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company) 1051
8.483 Duons 1052
8.484 Durabook (Twinhead International Corporation) 1053
8.485 Duubee 1054
8.486 DZS 1055
8.487 Eahison Communication 1056
8.488 EANTC 1057
8.489 Eastcom (Eastern Communications) 1058
8.490 Easycom (Shenzhen Easycom Electronics) 1059
8.491 E-Band Communications (Axxcss Wireless Solutions) 1060
8.492 e-BO Enterprises 1061
8.493 ECE (European Communications Engineering) 1062
8.494 EchoStar Corporation 1063
8.495 Ecom Instruments (Pepperl+Fuchs) 1064
8.496 Ecrio 1065
8.497 Edgecore Networks (Accton Technology Corporation) 1066
8.498 EdgeQ 1067
8.499 Edgybees 1068
8.500 edotco Group (Axiata Group) 1069
8.501 EDX Wireless 1070
8.502 Effnet 1071
8.503 Eigencomm 1072
8.504 eino 1073
8.505 EION Wireless 1074
8.506 Eir (Eircom) 1075
8.507 Ekinops 1076
8.508 Elbit Systems 1077
8.509 Elefante Group 1078
8.510 Element Materials Technology 1079
8.511 E-Lins Technology 1080
8.512 Elisa 1081
8.513 Elisa Polystar 1082
8.514 Elistair 1083
8.515 Elsight 1084
8.516 Elta Systems (IAI Israel Aerospace Industries) 1085
8.517 Eltex 1086
8.518 ELUON Corporation 1087
8.519 ELVA-1 1088
8.520 Emblasoft 1089
8.521 Embraer 1090
8.522 Embratel 1091
8.523 Emerson 1092
8.524 EMnify 1093
8.525 EMS (Electronic Media Services) 1094
8.526 Encore Networks 1095
8.527 Endress+Hauser 1096
8.528 Enea 1097
8.529 ENENSYS Technologies 1098
8.530 Energizer Mobile (Avenir Telecom) 1099
8.531 EnerSys 1100
8.532 Entel (United Kingdom) 1101
8.533 Entropia 1102
8.534 Entropy Solution 1103
8.535 Eoptolink Technology 1104
8.536 Epiroc 1105
8.537 Equiendo 1106
8.538 Eravant (SAGE Millimeter) 1107
8.539 Ericsson 1108
8.540 Errigal 1110
8.541 ErvoCom 1111
8.542 Eseye 1112
8.543 Esharah Etisalat Security Solutions 1113
8.544 E-Space 1114
8.545 Estalky (K-Mobile Technology) 1115
8.546 ETELM 1116
8.547 eTera (Sinotech R&D Group) 1117
8.548 Ethernity Networks 1118
8.549 Etherstack 1119
8.550 Etisalat Group (e&) 1120
8.551 ETRI (Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea) 1121
8.552 Etteplan 1122
8.553 EUCAST 1123
8.554 Eurofins E&E (Electrical and Electronics) 1124
8.555 Eurotech 1125
8.556 Eutelsat Group 1126
8.557 Eventide Communications 1127
8.558 Evolve Cellular 1128
8.559 Exacom 1129
8.560 Exaware 1130
8.561 Excelerate Technology 1131
8.562 EXFO 1132
8.563 Exium 1133
8.564 Expandium 1134
8.565 Expeto 1135
8.566 Extenet (DigitalBridge Group) 1136
8.567 Extreme Networks 1137
8.568 EY (Ernst & Young) 1138
8.569 Eyecom Telecommunications Group 1139
8.570 EZcon Network 1140
8.571 F2G (Far-Together) Solutions 1141
8.572 F5 1142
8.573 Fairspectrum 1143
8.574 Fairwaves 1144
8.575 Faraday Technology Corporation 1145
8.576 Fastback Networks (COMSovereign) 1146
8.577 FCNT (Fujitsu Connected Technologies)-JEMS (Japan EM Solutions) 1147
8.578 Federal Engineering 1148
8.579 Federated Wireless 1149
8.580 Fenix Group (Nokia) 1150
8.581 Festo 1151
8.582 FET (Far EasTone Telecommunications) 1152
8.583 FIBERSTAMP 1153
8.584 Fibocom 1154
8.585 Fibrolan 1155
8.586 Filtronic 1156
8.587 Fingu (Wuhan Fingu Electronic Technology) 1157
8.588 Fiplex Communications (Honeywell International) 1158
8.589 Firecell 1159
8.590 Fivecomm 1160
8.591 Flash Networks 1161
8.592 Flash Private Mobile Networks 1162
8.593 Flectory 1163
8.594 Fleet Complete 1164
8.595 Flex 1165
8.596 Flex Logix Technologies 1166
8.597 Flightcell International 1167
8.598 FLIR Systems 1168
8.599 floLIVE 1169
8.600 Flymotion 1170
8.601 FMBE (FMB Engineering) 1171
8.602 Forsk 1172
8.603 Fortinet 1173
8.604 Fortress Solutions 1174
8.605 Four-Faith Communication Technology 1175
8.606 Foxconn (Hon Hai Technology Group) 1176
8.607 Franklin Wireless 1177
8.608 Fraunhofer FOKUS (Institute for Open Communication Systems) 1178
8.609 Fraunhofer HHI (Heinrich Hertz Institute) 1179
8.610 Fraunhofer IIS (Institute for Integrated Circuits) 1180
8.611 Fraunhofer IPT (Institute for Production Technology) 1181
8.612 FreedomFi 1182
8.613 Freeeway 1183
8.614 Frequentis 1184
8.615 Freshwave Group (DigitalBridge Group) 1185
8.616 Frog Cellsat 1186
8.617 FRTek 1187
8.618 FSG (Field Solutions Group) 1188
8.619 FTS Formula Telecom Solutions (Magic Software Group) 1189
8.620 Fujikura 1190
8.621 Fujitsu 1191
8.622 Funk-Electronic Piciorgros 1192
8.623 Funkwerk 1193
8.624 Furukawa Electric 1194
8.625 Furuno Electric 1195
8.626 Future Technologies Venture 1196
8.627 G REIGNS (HTC Corporation) 1197
8.628 G+D (Giesecke+Devrient) 1198
8.629 G3 Global 1199
8.630 Galtronics (Baylin Technologies) 1200
8.631 Gamma Nu 1201
8.632 Gapwaves 1202
8.633 Garderos 1203
8.634 Gazprom Space Systems 1204
8.635 GCT Semiconductor 1205
8.636 GD (General Devices) 1206
8.637 GE (General Electric) 1207
8.638 Gemtek Technology 1208
8.639 General Dynamics 1209
8.640 Genesis Group 1210
8.641 GENEViSiO (QNAP Systems) 1211
8.642 Genew Technologies 1212
8.643 Genmix Technology 1213
8.644 Geotab 1214
8.645 GeoTraq 1215
8.646 Getac Technology Corporation 1216
8.647 Gewei (Wuhan Gewei Electronic Technology) 1217
8.648 GF (GlobalFoundries) 1218
8.649 GIGABYTE Technology 1219
8.650 Gigalane 1220
8.651 GIGALIGHT 1221
8.652 Gigamon 1222
8.653 GigaTera Communications (KMW) 1223
8.654 GigSky 1224
8.655 Gilat Satellite Networks 1225
8.656 GL Communications 1226
8.657 Global Telecom 1227
8.658 Globalgig 1228
8.659 Globalstar 1229
8.660 Globe Telecom 1231
8.661 Gogo Business Aviation 1232
8.662 Goodman Telecom Services 1233
8.663 Goodmill Systems 1234
8.664 Google (Alphabet) 1235
8.665 Goosetown Communications 1236
8.666 Gore (W. L. Gore & Associates) 1237
8.667 GosuncnWelink Technology (Gosuncn Group) 1238
8.668 Granite Telecommunications 1239
8.669 Grape One (Sumitomo Corporation) 1240
8.670 Green Communications 1241
8.671 Green Packet 1242
8.672 Greenet (Netherlands) 1243
8.673 GreenPalm (Hangzhou GreenPalm Technology) 1244
8.674 GrenTech 1245
8.675 GridGears 1246
8.676 Groundhog Technologies 1247
8.677 GroupTalk 1248
8.678 GS Lab (Great Software Laboratory) 1249
8.679 GSI (GS Instech)/GST (GS Teletech) 1250
8.680 Guavus (Thales) 1251
8.681 Guerrilla RF 1252
8.682 GXC (Formerly GenXComm) 1253
8.683 HAAS Alert 1254
8.684 Haier 1255
8.685 Haivision 1256
8.686 Halys 1257
8.687 Hancom MDS 1258
8.688 Handheld Group 1259
8.689 Handsfree Group 1260
8.690 Hansen Technologies 1261
8.691 Hanswell 1262
8.692 Hanwha Techwin 1263
8.693 HAPSMobile 1264
8.694 Harbor Max 1265
8.695 HARMAN DTS (Digital Transformation Solutions) 1266
8.696 HARTING 1267
8.697 Harvilon (Shenzhen Harvilon Technology) 1268
8.698 Hawk Networks (Althea) 1269
8.699 Haystax Technology (Fishtech Group/Cyderes) 1270
8.700 HBFEC (Hebei Far East Communication System Engineering) 1271
8.701 HCL Technologies 1272
8.702 Helios (Fujian Helios Technologies) 1273
8.703 Hengxin (Jiangsu Hengxin Technology) 1274
8.704 Henkel 1275
8.705 Herystorm (Guangzhou Herystorm Technology) 1276
8.706 Hexagon 1277
8.707 Hexagon Communication (Suzhou Hexagon Communication Technologies) 1278
8.708 HFCL 1279
8.709 HFR Networks 1280
8.710 HG Genuine (HGTECH Huagong Technology) 1281
8.711 Highstreet Technologies 1282
8.712 Hikvision (Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology) 1283
8.713 Hilinks Technology 1284
8.714 HipLink Software 1285
8.715 Hisense 1286
8.716 HiSilicon Technologies (Huawei) 1287
8.717 HISPASAT 1288
8.718 Hitachi 1289
8.719 HKT (PCCW) 1290
8.720 HKTech (Howking Tech) 1291
8.721 HLS (HARD-LINE Solutions) 1292
8.722 HMD Global 1293
8.723 HMF Smart Solutions 1294
8.724 HMS Networks 1295
8.725 Hoimyung ICT 1296
8.726 Hologram 1297
8.727 Honeywell International 1298
8.728 Hongdian Corporation 1299
8.729 HONOR 1300
8.730 Horizon Powered 1301
8.731 Hoverfly Technologies 1302
8.732 HP 1303
8.733 HPE (Hewlett Packard Enterprise) 1304
8.734 HQT (Shenzhen HQT Science and Technology) 1305
8.735 HSC (Hughes Systique Corporation) 1306
8.736 HTC Corporation 1307
8.737 Huahuan (Beijing Huahuan Electronics) 1308
8.738 Huaptec 1309
8.739 Huawei 1310
8.740 HUBER+SUHNER 1312
8.741 HUCOM Wireless 1313
8.742 Hughes Network Systems (EchoStar Corporation) 1314
8.743 HXI (Renaissance Electronics & Communications) 1315
8.744 Hypha (Wireless Innovation) 1316
8.745 Hytec Inter 1317
8.746 Hytera Communications 1318
8.747 i.safe MOBILE 1320
8.748 i2i Systems 1321
8.749 iBASIS (Tofane Global) 1322
8.750 IBM 1323
8.751 IBO Technology Company 1324
8.752 iBwave Solutions 1325
8.753 iCana (Foxconn Hon Hai Technology Group) 1326
8.754 Ice Norway (Lyse) 1327
8.755 Icom 1328
8.756 Iconec 1329
8.757 iConNext 1330
8.758 iDAQS 1331
8.759 IDEMIA 1332
8.760 IDY Corporation 1333
8.761 IFLY Electronics 1334
8.762 ifm 1335
8.763 IIJ (Internet Initiative Japan) 1336
8.764 IM Technology 1337
8.765 Imec 1338
8.766 IMPTT 1339
8.767 InCoax Networks 1340
8.768 Indra 1341
8.769 iNET (Infrastructure Networks) 1342
8.770 INEX Microtechnology 1343
8.771 Infineon Technologies 1344
8.772 Infinera 1345
8.773 InfiNet Wireless 1346
8.774 InfiniG 1347
8.775 Infinite Electronics 1348
8.776 Infomark Corporation 1349
8.777 Infosys 1350
8.778 Infovista 1351
8.779 InHand Networks 1352
8.780 Inmanta 1353
8.781 Inmarsat (Viasat) 1354
8.782 Innertron 1355
8.783 InnoGence Technology (TROY Information) 1356
8.784 InnoLight Technology 1357
8.785 Innonet 1358
8.786 Innovile 1359
8.787 InnoWireless 1360
8.788 Inrico Technologies 1361
8.789 Inseego Corporation 1362
8.790 Inspur 1363
8.791 Insta Group 1364
8.792 Instant Connect 1365
8.793 INSYS icom (INSYS Microelectronics) 1366
8.794 Intec E&C 1367
8.795 Intel Corporation 1368
8.796 Intelbras 1369
8.797 Intelliport Solutions 1370
8.798 Intelsat 1371
8.799 Intenna Systems 1372
8.800 InterDigital 1373
8.801 INTERLEV 1374
8.802 Interop Technologies 1375
8.803 InterTalk Critical Information Systems 1376
8.804 Intracom Telecom 1377
8.805 Intrado Corporation 1378
8.806 Intrepid Networks 1379
8.807 Inventec Corporation 1380
8.808 INWIT (Infrastrutture Wireless Italiane) 1381
8.809 IoT4Net 1382
8.810 IoTAS (IoT & Approval Solutions) 1383
8.811 IP Infusion (ACCESS CO.) 1384
8.812 IPAGEON 1385
8.813 IPITEK (Integrated Photonics Technology) 1386
8.814 IPLOOK Technologies 1387
8.815 iPosi 1388
8.816 Iradio Electronics 1389
8.817 Iridium Communications 1390
8.818 Irteya (Russia) 1391
8.819 ISCO International 1392
8.820 IS-Wireless 1393
8.821 Italtel 1394
8.822 ITCEN 1395
8.823 ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan) 1396
8.824 Itron 1397
8.825 IWT (Innovative Wireless Technologies) 1398
8.826 Jabil 1399
8.827 JACS Solutions 1400
8.828 JATONTEC (Jaton Technology) 1401
8.829 JCI (Japan Communications Inc.) 1402
8.830 JET Connectivity 1403
8.831 Jezetek (Sichuan Jiuzhou Electric Group) 1404
8.832 Jiaxun Feihong (Beijing Jiaxun Feihong Electrical) 1405
8.833 Jinan USR IoT Technology (Mokuai/Wenheng) 1406
8.834 JIT (JI Technology) 1407
8.835 JMA Wireless 1408
8.836 Johnson Controls 1409
8.837 JOUAV 1410
8.838 JPC Connectivity 1411
8.839 JPS Interoperability Solutions 1412
8.840 JQL Technologies 1413
8.841 JRC (Japan Radio Company) 1414
8.842 JSC Ingenium 1416
8.843 JT IoT 1417
8.844 Juniper Networks (HPE Hewlett Packard Enterprise) 1418
8.845 Junkosha 1419
8.846 Juvare 1420
8.847 JVCKENWOOD Corporation 1421
8.848 Kacific Broadband Satellites 1422
8.849 Kaelus 1423
8.850 Kaifa (Shenzen Kaifa Technology) 1424
8.851 Kajeet 1425
8.852 Kalmar (Cargotec) 1426
8.853 Kaloom 1427
8.854 Kalray 1428
8.855 Katela Networks 1429
8.856 KATIM 1430
8.857 KBR 1431
8.858 KBT (Kenbotong Technology) 1432
8.859 KDDI Corporation 1433
8.860 Key Bridge Wireless 1434
8.861 Keysight Technologies 1435
8.862 Khomp 1436
8.863 Kiana Analytics 1437
8.864 Kigen 1438
8.865 Kindroid Shanghai Jinzhuo Technology (Kyland Technology) 1439
8.866 Kirisun Communications 1440
8.867 Kisan Telecom 1441
8.868 KLA Laboratories 1442
8.869 Klas Telecom 1443
8.870 Klein Electronics 1444
8.871 Kleos 1445
8.872 KMW 1446
8.873 Knightscope 1447
8.874 Kolibri Systems 1448
8.875 Komatsu 1449
8.876 Konecranes 1450
8.877 Kontron 1451
8.878 KORE Wireless 1452
8.879 KPN 1453
8.880 KT Corporation 1454
8.881 Kudelski Group 1455
8.882 KUKA 1456
8.883 Kumu Networks 1457
8.884 K-Won/Hunter Technology 1458
8.885 Kyland Technology 1459
8.886 Kymeta Corporation 1460
8.887 Kyndryl 1461
8.888 Kyocera Corporation 1462
8.889 Kyrio (CableLabs) 1463
8.890 KZ TECH (KZ Broadband Technologies) 1464
8.891 L3Harris Technologies 1465
8.892 Laird Connectivity 1466
8.893 Landis+Gyr 1467
8.894 Landmark Dividend (DigitalBridge Group) 1468
8.895 Lanner Electronics 1469
8.896 Lantronix 1470
8.897 Lattice Semiconductor 1471
8.898 LCR Embedded Systems 1472
8.899 Leenos Corporation 1473
8.900 Leidos 1474
8.901 Lekha Wireless Solutions 1475
8.902 Lemko Corporation 1476
8.903 Lenovo 1477
8.904 Leonardo 1478
8.905 Lextrum (COMSovereign) 1479
8.906 LG Corporation 1480
8.907 LG Uplus 1481
8.908 Liberty Global 1482
8.909 Lierda Science & Technology Group 1483
8.910 Lifecycle Software 1484
8.911 Ligado Networks 1485
8.912 Lightron 1486
8.913 Lime Microsystems 1487
8.914 Lindsay Broadband 1488
8.915 Linkem 1489
8.916 Linksys 1490
8.917 Linx Technologies 1491
8.918 LIONS Technology 1492
8.919 LIS (Laboratory of Infocommunication Networks) 1493
8.920 Lisheng Fujian Communications 1494
8.921 LITE-ON Technology Corporation 1495
8.922 LitePoint (Teradyne) 1496
8.923 LiveU 1497
8.924 Lociva 1498
8.925 Lockheed Martin Corporation 1499
8.926 Logicalis (Datatec) 1500
8.927 LogicTree IT Solutions 1501
8.928 Longsung Technology (Sunsea AIoT Technology) 1502
8.929 Lookout 1503
8.930 LS Mtron 1504
8.931 LS telcom 1505
8.932 LTTS (L&T Technology Services) 1506
8.933 Luceor 1507
8.934 Lumen Technologies 1508
8.935 Lumentum 1509
8.936 Lumineye 1510
8.937 LuxCarta 1511
8.938 Luxoft (DXC Technology) 1512
8.939 Lyfo 1513
8.940 Lynk Global 1514
8.941 M1 1515
8.942 m3connect 1516
8.943 M4PS (Mobility 4 Public Safety) 1517
8.944 MACOM 1518
8.945 Magnaquest Technologies 1519
8.946 Maipu Communication Technology 1520
8.947 Maja Systems 1521
8.948 MantisNet 1522
8.949 MarchNet 1523
8.950 Marlink 1524
8.951 Marquistech 1525
8.952 Martin UAV 1526
8.953 Marubeni Corporation 1527
8.954 Marubun Corporation 1528
8.955 Marvell Technology 1529
8.956 MASMOVIL 1530
8.957 Mathworks 1531
8.958 Matrix Electronica/Webdyn (Flexitron Group) 1532
8.959 MATRIXX Software 1533
8.960 MatSing 1534
8.961 Maven Wireless 1535
8.962 Mavenir 1536
8.963 Maxar Technologies 1538
8.964 MaxComm 1539
8.965 Maxis 1540
8.966 MaxLinear 1541
8.967 MC Technologies 1542
8.968 MCLabs 1543
8.969 MCP (Mission Critical Partners) 1544
8.970 MCS Benelux 1545
8.971 MD (MICRODRIVE) 1546
8.972 Mdex (Wireless Logic Group) 1547
8.973 MEASAT Satellite Systems 1548
8.974 MECSware 1549
8.975 Media Broadcast (freenet Group) 1550
8.976 MediaTek 1551
8.977 Meeami Technologies 1552
8.978 MegaChips Corporation 1553
8.979 MegaFon 1554
8.980 Meglab (Epiroc) 1555
8.981 MeiG Smart Technology 1556
8.982 Meizu 1557
8.983 Mentura Group 1558
8.984 MER Group 1559
8.985 Meta 1560
8.986 Metanoia Communications 1561
8.987 Metaswitch Networks (Microsoft Corporation) 1562
8.988 Metawave Corporation 1563
8.989 Metismake 1564
8.990 MetTel 1565
8.991 MHD (Muhan Digital) 1566
8.992 MIC Nordic 1567
8.993 MICAS-RF (MICAS Shenzhen Telecommunication) 1568
8.994 MiCOM Labs 1569
8.995 Micran 1570
8.996 Microamp Solutions 1571
8.997 Microchip Technology 1572
8.998 Microlab (RF Industries) 1573
8.999 MicroNova 1574
8.1000 Microsoft Corporation 1575
8.1001 Microwave Networks 1576
8.1002 MikroTik 1577
8.1003 Mikwave (Guangdong Mikwave Communication Tech) 1578
8.1004 Milesight 1579
8.1005 Milestone Systems 1580
8.1006 Miliwave 1581
8.1007 MiMOMax (Ubiik) 1582
8.1008 MIPS 1583
8.1009 MiTAC Computing Technology Corporation 1584
8.1010 MitraStar Technology (Unizyx Holding Corporation) 1585
8.1011 MITRE Corporation 1586
8.1012 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 1587
8.1013 MKI (Mitsui Knowledge Industry) 1588
8.1014 MOBI (Mobi Antenna Technologies) 1589
8.1015 Mobil Group (Russia) 1590
8.1016 Mobile Inform Group 1591
8.1017 Mobile Mark 1592
8.1018 Mobile Tornado 1593
8.1019 Mobile Viewpoint 1594
8.1020 MobileComm Professionals (UST) 1595
8.1021 MobileDemand 1596
8.1022 MobileIron 1597
8.1023 MobileTek (Shanghai Mobiletek Communication) 1598
8.1024 Mobileum 1599
8.1025 Mobilicom 1600
8.1026 Mobiveil 1601
8.1027 Modular Mining Systems (Komatsu) 1602
8.1028 Molex 1603
8.1029 Monogoto 1604
8.1030 Morningcore Technology (CICT China Information and Communication Technology Group) 1605
8.1031 Morningstar Corporation 1606
8.1032 Moseley Associates (Axxcss Wireless Solutions) 1607
8.1033 MosoLabs (Sercomm Corporation) 1608
8.1034 Motive Infrastructure Solutions 1609
8.1035 Motorola Mobility (Lenovo) 1610
8.1036 Motorola Solutions 1611
8.1037 Mott MacDonald 1612
8.1038 Movandi 1613
8.1039 Moxa 1614
8.1040 MP Antenna 1615
8.1041 MRK Media 1616
8.1042 MRT Technology (Suzhou) 1617
8.1043 MSB (M S Benbow & Associates) 1618
8.1044 MST Global Mine Site Technologies (Komatsu) 1619
8.1045 MTI (Microelectronics Technology Inc.) 1620
8.1046 MTI Wireless Edge 1621
8.1047 MTN Group 1622
8.1048 MTS (Mobile TeleSystems) 1623
8.1049 MUGLER 1624
8.1050 MultiTech (Multi-Tech Systems) 1625
8.1051 Murata Manufacturing 1626
8.1052 Mushroom Networks 1627
8.1053 Mutualink 1628
8.1054 MVI Group 1629
8.1055 MW (Matrix Wave) 1630
8.1056 MYCOM OSI 1631
8.1057 Mynaric 1632
8.1058 MYT Electronics 1633
8.1059 N.A.T. 1634
8.1060 Nable Communications 1635
8.1061 NanoSemi (MaxLinear) 1636
8.1062 Napatech 1637
8.1063 Nash Technologies 1638
8.1064 Nearby Computing 1639
8.1065 NEC Corporation 1640
8.1066 Nemergent Solutions 1642
8.1067 Nemko 1643
8.1068 Neolink Communications Technology 1644
8.1069 NeoPlane 1645
8.1070 Neoway Technology 1646
8.1071 Neptune Communications 1647
8.1072 Neragon Networks 1648
8.1073 Net AI 1649
8.1074 Netas 1650
8.1075 NETBEE (NET-Automation) 1651
8.1076 NetCity (GEOS Telecom/GEOS Holding) 1652
8.1077 Netcracker Technology (NEC Corporation) 1653
8.1078 NetFoundry 1654
8.1079 Netgear 1655
8.1080 NetModule (Belden) 1656
8.1081 Netmore Group 1657
8.1082 NETSCOUT Systems 1658
8.1083 Netsia (Argela) 1659
8.1084 Netvision Telecom 1660
8.1085 Neutral Wireless 1661
8.1086 Neutroon Technologies 1662
8.1087 New H3C Technologies (Tsinghua Unigroup) 1663
8.1088 New Postcom Equipment 1664
8.1089 NewEdge Signal Solutions 1665
8.1090 NEXCOM International 1666
8.1091 Nexign 1667
8.1092 Nexpring 1668
8.1093 NextEPC Korea (COONTEC) 1669
8.1094 Nextivity 1670
8.1095 NextNav 1671
8.1096 NextWave 1672
8.1097 Nextworks 1673
8.1098 ng4T 1674
8.1099 NGK Group (NGK Insulators) 1675
8.1100 ng-voice 1676
8.1101 NI (National Instruments) 1677
8.1102 NICE 1678
8.1103 NimbeLink 1679
8.1104 Niral Networks 1680
8.1105 Nitto Denko Corporation 1681
8.1106 NKG (New Kinpo Group) 1682
8.1107 Node-H 1683
8.1108 Nokia 1684
8.1109 Nomad Digital (Alstom) 1686
8.1110 Nordic Semiconductor 1687
8.1111 Northrop Grumman Corporation 1688
8.1112 NOTION Information Technology 1689
8.1113 Nova Labs (Helium) 1690
8.1114 NOVEC 1691
8.1115 NOVELSAT 1692
8.1116 NRB (Network Research Belgium) 1693
8.1117 NS Solutions Corporation 1694
8.1118 Nsight 1695
8.1119 NT (National Telecom) 1696
8.1120 NTC Corporation (Japan) 1697
8.1121 NTMore (Network Technology More) 1698
8.1122 NTT DoCoMo 1699
8.1123 NTT Group 1700
8.1124 Nubia Technology (ZTE) 1701
8.1125 NuRAN Wireless 1702
8.1126 Nurlink Technology 1703
8.1127 NVIDIA Corporation 1704
8.1128 NXP Semiconductors 1705
8.1129 Oasis Smart SIM 1706
8.1130 Obvios 1707
8.1131 Ocado Technology 1708
8.1132 Oceus Networks 1709
8.1133 Octasic 1710
8.1134 O-Cubes 1711
8.1135 ODN (Orbital Data Network) 1712
8.1136 OE Solutions 1713
8.1137 OFS Fitel (Furukawa Electric) 1714
8.1138 OKI Electric Industry 1715
8.1139 Omnispace 1716
8.1140 Omnitele 1717
8.1141 Omnitron Systems 1718
8.1142 Omnitronics 1719
8.1143 One2many (Everbridge) 1720
8.1144 OneLayer 1721
8.1145 OnePlus (BBK Electronics) 1722
8.1146 OneSimCard 1723
8.1147 OneWeb (Eutelsat Group) 1724
8.1148 Onomondo 1725
8.1149 Ontix 1726
8.1150 Onwave 1727
8.1151 Ooredoo 1728
8.1152 Opanga Networks 1729
8.1153 Open Valley 1730
8.1154 Opencode Systems 1731
8.1155 Openet (Amdocs) 1732
8.1156 OPPO (BBK Electronics) 1733
8.1157 O'Prueba Technology 1734
8.1158 OPTAGE 1735
8.1159 OptConnect 1736
8.1160 Optical Zonu Corporation 1737
8.1161 Opticoms 1738
8.1162 Option 1739
8.1163 Optiva 1740
8.1164 OQ Technology 1741
8.1165 Oracle Communications 1742
8.1166 Orange 1743
8.1167 ORBCOMM 1744
8.1168 Ori Industries 1745
8.1169 Orion Labs 1746
8.1170 Oscilloquartz (Adtran) 1747
8.1171 OV (Manx Telecom) 1748
8.1172 OVHcloud 1749
8.1173 P.I. Works 1750
8.1174 PacStar (Pacific Star Communications) 1751
8.1175 Padtec 1752
8.1176 Palo Alto Networks 1753
8.1177 Panasonic Connect 1754
8.1178 Panda Electronics 1755
8.1179 PanOptis 1756
8.1180 Panorama Antennas 1757
8.1181 Parallel Wireless 1758
8.1182 Parsec Technologies 1759
8.1183 Particle 1760
8.1184 PAStech 1761
8.1185 Patrocinium Systems 1762
8.1186 Patton 1763
8.1187 Pavlov Media 1764
8.1188 PBE Axell (Formerly Axell Wireless) 1765
8.1189 PCS Technologies 1766
8.1190 PCTEL (Amphenol Corporation) 1767
8.1191 PCTEST Lab (PCTEST Engineering Laboratory) 1768
8.1192 Peatalk Corporation 1769
8.1193 Pegatron Corporation 1770
8.1194 Pei Tel Communications 1771
8.1195 Pelion 1772
8.1196 Penguin Solutions (SGH SMART Global Holdings) 1773
8.1197 Pente Networks 1774
8.1198 Pentonet 1775
8.1199 Peplink (Plover Bay Technologies) 1776
8.1200 Pepperl+Fuchs 1777
8.1201 Pepro 1778
8.1202 Peraso 1779
8.1203 Peraton Labs 1780
8.1204 Percepto 1781
8.1205 Perle Systems 1782
8.1206 PGE Systemy (PGE Polish Energy Group) 1783
8.1207 Pharrowtech 1784
8.1208 Phirst Technologies/xCraft Enterprises 1785
8.1209 Phluido 1786
8.1210 Phoenix Contact 1787
8.1211 Phytium Technology (Tianjin Phytium Information Technology) 1788
8.1212 PHYTunes 1789
8.1213 Picocom 1790
8.1214 Pierson Wireless 1791
8.1215 Pivot Technology Services 1792
8.1216 Pivotal Commware 1793
8.1217 Pivotel Group 1794
8.1218 Pivotone 1795
8.1219 Pixavi (BARTEC) 1796
8.1220 Platform9 1797
8.1221 Pletronics 1798
8.1222 Plextek 1799
8.1223 Plintron 1800
8.1224 Plus (Polkomtel) 1801
8.1225 POCSTARS 1802
8.1226 Pod Group (G+D Giesecke+Devrient) 1803
8.1227 Polaris Networks (Motorola Solutions) 1804
8.1228 Polaris Wireless 1805
8.1229 Pollen Mobile 1806
8.1230 Positron Access Solutions 1807
8.1231 Potevio (CETC China Electronics Technology Group Corporation) 1808
8.1232 PPC (Power Plus Communications) 1809
8.1233 PPC Broadband (Belden) 1810
8.1234 Precision OT (Optical Transceivers) 1811
8.1235 PRESCOM 1812
8.1236 PrioCom 1813
8.1237 Proef 1814
8.1238 Proptivity 1815
8.1239 Proscend Communications 1816
8.1240 PROSE Technologies 1817
8.1241 PROTEI 1818
8.1242 Proxim Wireless Corporation (SRA Holdings) 1819
8.1243 Proximus 1820
8.1244 Pryme Radio Products 1821
8.1245 pSemi Corporation (Murata Manufacturing) 1822
8.1246 PT INTI (PT Industri Telekomunikasi Indonesia) 1823
8.1247 PT LEN Industri 1824
8.1248 PTC 1825
8.1249 Publicis Sapient 1826
8.1250 Puloli 1827
8.1251 Pulsara 1828
8.1252 Pulse Electronics (YAGEO Corporation) 1829
8.1253 PureSoftware 1830
8.1254 Pycom 1831
8.1255 PySENSE 1832
8.1256 QCT (Quanta Cloud Technology) 1833
8.1257 QinetiQ 1834
8.1258 Qorvo 1835
8.1259 QuadGen Wireless Solutions 1836
8.1260 Qualcomm 1837
8.1261 Quanta Computer 1838
8.1262 Quantum Wireless 1839
8.1263 Qucell Networks (InnoWireless) 1840
8.1264 Quectel Wireless Solutions 1841
8.1265 Quintel (Cirtek Holdings Philippines Corporation) 1842
8.1266 Qulsar (VIAVI Solutions) 1843
8.1267 Qwake Technologies 1844
8.1268 Qwilt 1845
8.1269 R Systems (Computaris International) 1846
8.1270 R3 Solutions 1847
8.1271 RACOM (Czech Republic) 1848
8.1272 RACOM Corporation 1849
8.1273 RAD 1850
8.1274 RADCOM 1851
8.1275 Radiall 1852
8.1276 Radio Gigabit 1853
8.1277 Radio IP Software 1854
8.1278 RadioMobile 1855
8.1279 Radisys (Reliance Industries) 1856
8.1280 RADTONICS 1857
8.1281 Radware 1858
8.1282 RADWIN 1859
8.1283 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems 1860
8.1284 Raisecom 1861
8.1285 Rajant Corporation 1862
8.1286 Rakon 1863
8.1287 Rakuten Symphony 1864
8.1288 RAKwireless 1865
8.1289 Range Networks (AMN Africa Mobile Networks) 1866
8.1290 Ranger Systems 1867
8.1291 Ranplan Wireless 1868
8.1292 Rapid.Space (Nexedi) 1869
8.1293 RapidDeploy 1870
8.1294 RapidSOS 1871
8.1295 Rapidtek Technologies 1872
8.1296 Rave Mobile Safety 1873
8.1297 Raycap 1874
8.1298 RCS Telecommunications 1875
8.1299 RCT (Remote Control Technologies) 1876
8.1300 Ready Wireless 1877
8.1301 Realme (BBK Electronics) 1878
8.1302 Red Hat (IBM) 1879
8.1303 Red Lion Controls (Spectris) 1880
8.1304 RED Technologies 1881
8.1305 RedZinc 1882
8.1306 Reliance Jio Infocomm (Jio Platforms) 1883
8.1307 REMEC Broadband Wireless Networks (Bridgewave Communications/SAGE SatCom) 1884
8.1308 Renesas Electronics Corporation 1885
8.1309 REPLY 1886
8.1310 Rescue 42 1887
8.1311 Responder Corp 1888
8.1312 RF Connect 1889
8.1313 RF DSP 1890
8.1314 RF Industries 1891
8.1315 RF MORECOM 1892
8.1316 RF Window 1893
8.1317 RF-Comm 1894
8.1318 RFHIC Corporation 1895
8.1319 RFI Technology Solutions (Tait Communications) 1896
8.1320 RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) 1897
8.1321 RFTech 1898
8.1322 Ribbon Communications 1899
8.1323 Ricon Mobile 1900
8.1324 RigNet (Viasat Energy Services) 1901
8.1325 RIMEDO Labs 1902
8.1326 Rivada Networks 1903
8.1327 Rivada Space Networks 1904
8.1328 RKTPL (RK Telesystem Private Limited) 1905
8.1329 Robert Bosch 1906
8.1330 Robin.io (Rakuten Symphony) 1907
8.1331 Robustel 1908
8.1332 Rogers Communications 1909
8.1333 Rogers Corporation 1910
8.1334 Rohde & Schwarz 1911
8.1335 Rohill 1912
8.1336 Rolling Wireless (Fibocom) 1913
8.1337 Rolloos (FMJ Group) 1914
8.1338 Rosenberger 1915
8.1339 Royole Corporation 1916
8.1340 RSCC (Russian Satellite Communications Company) 1917
8.1341 RSConnect 1918
8.1342 RTX A/S 1919
8.1343 RTX Corporation (Formerly Raytheon Technologies) 1920
8.1344 RTx Technology 1921
8.1345 RugGear 1922
8.1346 RuggON Corporation 1923
8.1347 Ruijie Networks 1924
8.1348 RunEL 1925
8.1349 Rushmere Technology 1926
8.1350 S&T Iskratel (Kontron) 1927
8.1351 Saab 1928
8.1352 Saankhya Labs (Tejas Networks) 1929
8.1353 SABIC 1930
8.1354 SAC Wireless (Nokia) 1931
8.1355 SAE IT-Systems (LACROIX Group) 1932
8.1356 SAF Tehnika 1933
8.1357 Safe-Com Wireless 1934
8.1358 SafeMobile 1935
8.1359 Safran 1936
8.1360 Sagemcom 1937
8.1361 SageRAN (Guangzhou SageRAN Technology) 1938
8.1362 Saguna Networks (COMSovereign) 1939
8.1363 SAI Technology 1940
8.1364 SAIC (Science Applications International Corporation) 1941
8.1365 Samji Electronics 1942
8.1366 Samsung 1943
8.1367 SAMWON FA 1945
8.1368 Samyoung Celetra 1946
8.1369 Sandvik 1947
8.1370 Sandvine 1948
8.1371 Sanechips Technology (ZTE) 1949
8.1372 Sanjole 1950
8.1373 San-tron 1951
8.1374 Sanxing (Ningbo Sanxing Smart Electric) 1952
8.1375 Sasken Technologies 1953
8.1376 SaskTel 1954
8.1377 Sateliot 1955
8.1378 SatixFy 1956
8.1379 Saviah Technologies 1957
8.1380 Savox Communications 1958
8.1381 SBA Communications 1959
8.1382 Sceye 1960
8.1383 Schneider Electric 1961
8.1384 SEA Systems Engineering & Assessment (Cohort) 1962
8.1385 Seamless Waves 1963
8.1386 Sectra Communications 1964
8.1387 Secured Communications 1965
8.1388 SecureG 1966
8.1389 Select Spectrum 1967
8.1390 SEMPRE (Secure EMP-Resilient Edge) 1968
8.1391 Semtech Corporation 1969
8.1392 Senko Advanced Components 1970
8.1393 Sensorview 1971
8.1394 Senstar Corporation 1972
8.1395 Sensus (Xylem) 1973
8.1396 Sentient Energy (Koch Engineered Solutions) 1974
8.1397 Sentinel Camera Systems 1975
8.1398 Seong Ji Industrial 1976
8.1399 SEONTECH 1977
8.1400 Seowon Intech 1978
8.1401 Sepura 1979
8.1402 Sequans Communications 1980
8.1403 Sercomm Corporation 1981
8.1404 SES 1982
8.1405 SETUP Protokolltester 1983
8.1406 SGS 1984
8.1407 Shannon Wireless (Zhejiang Shannon Communication Technology) 1985
8.1408 Shared Access 1986
8.1409 Sharp Corporation (Foxconn Hon Hai Technology Group) 1987
8.1410 Shenglu (Guangdong Shenglu Telecommunication) 1988
8.1411 Shenzhen CXD Science & Technology 1989
8.1412 Shenzhen Recoda Technologies 1990
8.1413 SIAE Microelettronica 1991
8.1414 SICK 1992
8.1415 Siemens 1993
8.1416 Sierra Wireless (Semtech Corporation) 1994
8.1417 Sigma Wireless 1995
8.1418 Signal Information & Communication Corporation 1996
8.1419 Signalchip 1997
8.1420 Signalwing 1998
8.1421 Silicom Connectivity Solutions 1999
8.1422 Silicom SAS (France) 2000
8.1423 SIMCom Wireless Solutions (Sunsea AIoT Technology) 2001
8.1424 Simnovus 2002
8.1425 Simoco Wireless Solutions 2003
8.1426 Sinclair Technologies (Norsat International/Hytera Communications) 2004
8.1427 Singtel 2005
8.1428 Sinnwell (audius) 2006
8.1429 SIRADEL 2007
8.1430 SITA 2008
8.1431 siticom (Logicalis) 2009
8.1432 SiTime Corporation 2010
8.1433 SITRONICS (Sistema) 2011
8.1434 Sivers Semiconductors 2012
8.1435 Siyata Mobile 2013
8.1436 SK Telecom 2014
8.1437 SK Telesys 2015
8.1438 Skoltech (Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology) 2016
8.1439 SKY Perfect JSAT 2017
8.1440 SkyFive 2018
8.1441 Skylark Wireless 2019
8.1442 Skylo Technologies 2020
8.1443 Skytic Telecom 2021
8.1444 Skyvera (TelcoDR) 2022
8.1445 Skyworks Solutions 2023
8.1446 SLA Corporation 2024
8.1447 SM Optics (SIAE Microelettronica) 2025
8.1448 Smart Communications (PLDT) 2026
8.1449 Smart Mobile Labs 2027
8.1450 Smartfren 2028
8.1451 SmarTone 2029
8.1452 SmartSky Networks 2030
8.1453 SMAWave (Shanghai SMAWave Technology) 2031
8.1454 Socionext 2032
8.1455 SoftBank Group 2033
8.1456 Softil 2034
8.1457 Soitec 2035
8.1458 Solectek Corporation/Cielo Networks 2036
8.1459 SOLiD 2037
8.1460 Solidtronic 2038
8.1461 Soliton Systems 2039
8.1462 Sonim Technologies 2040
8.1463 Sony Group Corporation 2041
8.1464 Sooktha 2042
8.1465 Soracom 2043
8.1466 Source Photonics 2044
8.1467 Southern Linc 2045
8.1468 Space Data Corporation 2046
8.1469 SpaceBridge 2047
8.1470 Spacecom 2048
8.1471 SpaceX 2049
8.1472 Spark New Zealand 2050
8.1473 Spectra Group 2051
8.1474 SpectraRep 2052
8.1475 Spectre (Rostec) 2053
8.1476 Spectronite 2054
8.1477 Spectronn 2055
8.1478 Spectrum Effect 2056
8.1479 Speedcast 2057
8.1480 Spideradio (Suzhou Spideradio Telecommunication Technology) 2058
8.1481 SPIE Group 2059
8.1482 Spirent Communications 2060
8.1483 SPIRIT DSP 2061
8.1484 SPL (Stratospheric Platforms Limited) 2062
8.1485 Sporton International 2063
8.1486 SQUAN 2064
8.1487 Squire Technologies 2065
8.1488 SRS (Software Radio Systems) 2066
8.1489 SRTechnology 2067
8.1490 SSC (Shared Spectrum Company) 2068
8.1491 SSS Public Safety 2069
8.1492 ST (STMicroelectronics) 2070
8.1493 ST Engineering iDirect 2071
8.1494 Star Microwave 2072
8.1495 Star Solutions 2073
8.1496 StarHub 2074
8.1497 StarPoint (Beijing StarPoint Technology) 2075
8.1498 STC (Saudi Telecom Company) 2076
8.1499 Steep 2077
8.1500 STEP CG 2078
8.1501 STL (Sterlite Technologies Ltd.) 2079
8.1502 Stop Noise 2080
8.1503 sTraffic 2081
8.1504 Strata Worldwide 2082
8.1505 Streambox 2083
8.1506 Streamwide 2084
8.1507 Subex 2085
8.1508 Sumitomo Electric Industries 2086
8.1509 Summa Networks 2087
8.1510 Summit Tech 2088
8.1511 Sunsea AIoT Technology 2089
8.1512 Sunwave Communications 2090
8.1513 Supermicro (Super Micro Computer) 2091
8.1514 SureSite Consulting Group 2092
8.1515 SUSE 2093
8.1516 Swisscom 2094
8.1517 Swissphone 2095
8.1518 Sylincom (Beijing Sylincom Technology) 2096
8.1519 Synctechno 2097
8.1520 Syniverse 2098
8.1521 SYRTEM 2099
8.1522 Systech Corporation 2100
8.1523 System Innovation Group 2101
8.1524 Systemics-PAB 2102
8.1525 T&W (Shenzhen Gongjin Electronics) 2103
8.1526 T2M 2104
8.1527 TacSat Networks 2105
8.1528 Tait Communications 2106
8.1529 Taiwan Mobile 2107
8.1530 TAIYO YUDEN 2108
8.1531 Talia Communications (Commercis) 2109
8.1532 Talk-IP International 2110
8.1533 Talkpod Technology 2111
8.1534 Tambora Systems 2112
8.1535 Tampa Microwave (Thales) 2113
8.1536 Tampnet 2114
8.1537 Tango Networks 2115
8.1538 Tango Tango 2116
8.1539 Taoglas 2117
8.1540 Tarana Wireless 2118
8.1541 TASSTA 2119
8.1542 Tata Elxsi 2120
8.1543 Tatfook (Shenzhen Tatfook Technology) 2121
8.1544 TCL Communication 2122
8.1545 TCOM 2123
8.1546 TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) 2124
8.1547 TD Tech 2125
8.1548 TDC NET 2126
8.1549 TDCOMM 2127
8.1550 TE Connectivity 2128
8.1551 Teal Communications 2129
8.1552 Tech Mahindra 2130
8.1553 Techbros 2131
8.1554 Tecom 2132
8.1555 Tecore Networks 2133
8.1556 Tejas Networks 2134
8.1557 TEKTELIC Communications 2135
8.1558 Telco Systems (BATM Advanced Communications) 2136
8.1559 Telcoware 2137
8.1560 Teldat 2138
8.1561 Tele2 2139
8.1562 Tele2 Russia (Rostelecom) 2140
8.1563 Telecom26 2141
8.1564 Teleena (Tata Communications MOVE) 2142
8.1565 Telefield 2143
8.1566 Telefonica Group 2144
8.1567 Telekom Slovenije 2145
8.1568 Telenor Group 2146
8.1569 Telent 2147
8.1570 Telesat 2148
8.1571 Telespazio (Leonardo/Thales) 2149
8.1572 Teleste 2150
8.1573 teleSys Software 2151
8.1574 Telet Research 2152
8.1575 Televate 2153
8.1576 Telewave 2154
8.1577 TeleWorld Solutions (Samsung) 2155
8.1578 Telia Company 2156
8.1579 Telit Cinterion 2157
8.1580 Telkomsel 2158
8.1581 Tellabs 2159
8.1582 Tellion 2160
8.1583 Telna 2161
8.1584 TELNET Redes Inteligentes 2162
8.1585 TELOX (Telo Systems) 2163
8.1586 Telrad Networks 2164
8.1587 Telsasoft 2165
8.1588 Telstra 2166
8.1589 Teltonika 2167
8.1590 Teltronic (Hytera Communications) 2168
8.1591 Telus 2169
8.1592 TEOCO 2170
8.1593 Teracom 2171
8.1594 Teradek 2172
8.1595 TeraGo 2173
8.1596 Tera-Pass 2174
8.1597 Tessares 2175
8.1598 TESSCO Technologies/Ventev 2176
8.1599 Thaicom 2177
8.1600 Thales 2178
8.1601 ThinkRF 2179
8.1602 Three Group Solutions (CK Hutchison) 2180
8.1603 Thundercomm 2181
8.1604 TI (Texas Instruments) 2182
8.1605 Tianyi (Sichuan Tianyi Comheart Telecom) 2183
8.1606 Tibco Telecoms 2184
8.1607 TietoEVRY 2185
8.1608 Tillman Global Holdings 2186
8.1609 Tilson 2187
8.1610 TIL-TEK Antennae 2188
8.1611 TIM (Telecom Italia Mobile) 2189
8.1612 Titan ICT 2190
8.1613 Titan.ium Platform 2191
8.1614 TJ Innovation 2192
8.1615 TLC Solutions 2193
8.1616 TM (Telekom Malaysia) 2194
8.1617 T-Mobile US 2195
8.1618 TMYTEK (TMY Technology) 2196
8.1619 TNS (Transaction Network Services) 2197
8.1620 TO21COMMS 2198
8.1621 Tofane Global 2199
8.1622 TOKIE (Irvees Technology) 2200
8.1623 TOMIA 2201
8.1624 Tongyu Communication 2202
8.1625 Toshiba Corporation 2203
8.1626 Totogi 2204
8.1627 TowerJazz 2205
8.1628 TPG Telecom 2206
8.1629 TPL Systemes 2207
8.1630 TP-Link Technologies 2208
8.1631 Transatel (NTT Group) 2209
8.1632 TransPacket 2210
8.1633 Trialink (Russia) 2211
8.1634 TriaSys Technologies Corporation 2212
8.1635 TRIOPT 2213
8.1636 Triorail 2214
8.1637 Tropico (CPQD Center for Research and Development in Telecommunications, Brazil) 2215
8.1638 TrueMove H (True Corporation) 2216
8.1639 TRUMPF 2217
8.1640 Truphone 2218
8.1641 TRX Systems 2219
8.1642 TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) 2220
8.1643 Tsofun 2221
8.1644 TST Systems (Thorcom Systems/Sonic Communications/Tioga Electronic Assembly) 2222
8.1645 T-Systems International 2223
8.1646 TTG International 2224
8.1647 TTM Technologies 2225
8.1648 Tupl 2226
8.1649 Turk Telekom 2227
8.1650 Turkcell 2228
8.1651 TUSUR (Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics) 2229
8.1652 TUV SUD 2230
8.1653 Two Six Labs 2231
8.1654 Tyler Technologies 2232
8.1655 U.S. Cellular 2233
8.1656 UANGEL 2234
8.1657 UBCS 2235
8.1658 Ubicquia 2236
8.1659 Ubiik 2237
8.1660 UBiqube 2238
8.1661 Ubiquoss 2239
8.1662 Ubiwhere 2240
8.1663 U-Blox 2241
8.1664 Ucloudy (Shanghai Ucloudy Information Technology) 2242
8.1665 UCtel 2243
8.1666 UfiSpace 2244
8.1667 UL 2245
8.1668 ULAK Communication 2246
8.1669 Ultraband Technologies 2247
8.1670 UMC (United Microelectronics Corporation) 2248
8.1671 UMS (United Monolithic Semiconductors) 2249
8.1672 UNIMO Technology 2250
8.1673 UNISOC (Tsinghua Unigroup) 2251
8.1674 UniStrong 2252
8.1675 UNITAC Technology 2253
8.1676 UniTTEC 2254
8.1677 UROS 2255
8.1678 URSYS 2256
8.1679 US Digital Designs 2256
8.1680 USI (Universal Scientific Industrial) 2258
8.1681 Utility (Utility Associates) 2259
8.1682 Utility Connect (Alliander/Stedin) 2260
8.1683 UTStarcom 2261
8.1684 V&M (Venus & Mercury) Telecom 2262
8.1685 V5 Systems 2263
8.1686 Valid (Brazil) 2264
8.1687 Valid8 2265
8.1688 Vantage Towers 2266
8.1689 Vantiva (Formerly Technicolor) 2267
8.1690 Vanu 2268
8.1691 Vapor IO 2269
8.1692 Vavitel (Shenzhen Vavitel Technology) 2270
8.1693 VDI (Virginia Diodes, Inc.) 2271
8.1694 Vector Data 2272
8.1695 Veea 2273
8.1696 VEON 2274
8.1697 Verana Networks 2275
8.1698 Verizon Communications 2276
8.1699 Verkotan 2277
8.1700 Versa Networks 2278
8.1701 Vertel 2279
8.1702 Vertical Bridge (DigitalBridge Group) 2280
8.1703 Vertiv 2281
8.1704 Verveba Telecom 2282
8.1705 VHT (Viettel High Tech) 2283
8.1706 Viasat 2284
8.1707 VIAVI Solutions 2285
8.1708 VIDA Technologies 2286
8.1709 Vigilate 2287
8.1710 VinSmart (Vingroup) 2288
8.1711 Viper RF 2289
8.1712 Viprinet 2290
8.1713 ViPRO Corporation 2291
8.1714 Virtual Access (Westermo Network Technologies) 2292
8.1715 Virtusa Corporation 2293
8.1716 Vislink Technologies 2294
8.1717 Visual Labs 2295
8.1718 Vital (New Zealand) 2296
8.1719 VITES 2297
8.1720 Vivo (BBK Electronics) 2298
8.1721 VMware (Broadcom) 2299
8.1722 VNL Vihaan Networks Limited (Shyam Group) 2300
8.1723 Vodacom Group 2301
8.1724 Vodafone Group 2302
8.1725 VoerEir 2303
8.1726 VoiceAge Corporation 2304
8.1727 Voipfuture 2305
8.1728 Volvo CE (Construction Equipment) 2306
8.1729 Voxer 2307
8.1730 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland 2308
8.1731 Vubiq Networks 2309
8.1732 VVDN Technologies 2310
8.1733 WAGO 2311
8.1734 WAV4M 2312
8.1735 WAVE (AGC) 2313
8.1736 Wave1 2314
8.1737 Wave-In Communication 2315
8.1738 Wavelabs 2316
8.1739 Wavesight 2317
8.1740 Wavetel Technology 2318
8.1741 Waycare 2319
8.1742 WCCTV (Wireless CCTV) 2320
8.1743 WDNA (Wireless DNA) 2321
8.1744 Weaccess Group 2322
8.1745 WebRadar 2323
8.1746 Weidmuller 2324
8.1747 Welotec 2325
8.1748 Westell Technologies 2326
8.1749 Wevercomm 2327
8.1750 Wewins (Shenzhen Wewins Wireless) 2328
8.1751 wgtwo Working Group Two (Cisco Systems) 2329
8.1752 WH Bence Group 2330
8.1753 Whale Cloud Technology (Alibaba Group) 2331
8.1754 Whizz Systems 2332
8.1755 Widelity 2333
8.1756 WiFrost 2334
8.1757 WIG (Wireless Infrastructure Group) 2335
8.1758 Wildox (Shenzhen Happy Technology) 2336
8.1759 Wilson Electronics 2337
8.1760 Wilus 2338
8.1761 WIN Connectivity (Wireless Information Networks) 2339
8.1762 Wind River Systems 2340
8.1763 Wind Tre 2341
8.1764 Wingtech Technology 2342
8.1765 WINITECH 2343
8.1766 Winmate Communications 2344
8.1767 Winncom Technologies 2345
8.1768 Wipro 2346
8.1769 Wireless Logic Group 2347
8.1770 Wireless Technologies Finland 2348
8.1771 Wireless Telecom Group 2349
8.1772 WiSig Networks 2350
8.1773 Wistron Corporation 2351
8.1774 Wiwynn (Wistron Corporation) 2352
8.1775 WM Systems 2353
8.1776 WMS (Wireless Maritime Services) 2354
8.1777 WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation) 2355
8.1778 Wolfspeed 2356
8.1779 WooriNet 2357
8.1780 Workz 2358
8.1781 World View 2359
8.1782 WorldCell Solutions 2360
8.1783 Wouxun (Quanzhou Wouxun Electronics) 2361
8.1784 WTL (World Telecom Labs) 2362
8.1785 WTW Electronic 2363
8.1786 WWT (World Wide Technology) 2364
8.1787 Wytec International 2365
8.1788 Xantaro 2366
8.1789 XAVi Technologies Corporation (Chicony Electronics) 2367
8.1790 Xelera Technologies 2368
8.1791 Xemex 2369
8.1792 Xena Networks 2370
8.1793 Xiamen Puxing Electronics Science & Technology 2371
8.1794 Xiamen Sanan Integrated Circuit 2372
8.1795 Xiaomi 2373
8.1796 Xilinx (AMD Advanced Micro Devices) 2374
8.1797 Xingtera 2375
8.1798 Xinwei Group 2376
8.1799 XINYI Information Technology 2377
8.1800 XipLink 2378
8.1801 XIUS 2379
8.1802 YADRO (ICS Holding) 2380
8.1803 YAGEO Corporation 2381
8.1804 Yahsat (Al Yah Satellite Communications)/Thuraya 2382
8.1805 YaleBTS 2383
8.1806 Yanton (Quanzhou Yanton Electronics) 2384
8.1807 YOFC (Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable) 2385
8.1808 Yokogawa Electric Corporation 2386
8.1809 Yuge Technology (Shanghai Yuge Information Technology) 2387
8.1810 Yunzhi Ruantong (Beijing Yunzhi Ruantong Information Technology) 2388
8.1811 Zain Group 2389
8.1812 ZaiNar 2390
8.1813 Zaram Technology 2391
8.1814 Z-Com 2392
8.1815 Zealync 2393
8.1816 Zebra Technologies 2394
8.1817 Zeetta Networks 2395
8.1818 Zello 2396
8.1819 Zengyi Technology 2397
8.1820 Zepcam 2398
8.1821 ZeroEyes 2399
8.1822 Zetron (Codan) 2400
8.1823 Zhengkai Electronics (Jiangsu Zhengkai Electronics Technology) 2401
8.1824 ZILLNK 2402
8.1825 Zinwave (Wilson Electronics) 2403
8.1826 Zioncom 2404
8.1827 Zmtel (Shanghai Zhongmi Communication Technology) 2405
8.1828 ZT Systems 2406
8.1829 ZTE 2407
8.1830 Zyxel (Unizyx Holding Corporation) 2409
9 CHAPTER 9: MARKET SIZING & FORECASTS 2410
9.1 Global Outlook for Private 5G Networks 2410
9.2 Infrastructure Submarkets 2411
9.2.1 5G NR RAN 2411
9.2.1.1 Base Station RUs 2412
9.2.1.2 DUs/CUs 2413
9.2.2 5GC 2414
9.2.2.1 UPF 2415
9.2.2.2 Control Plane 2415
9.2.3 5G Transport 2416
9.2.3.1 Fiber & Wireline 2416
9.2.3.2 Microwave 2417
9.2.3.3 Satellite Communications 2417
9.3 Cell Sizes 2418
9.3.1 Indoor Small Cells 2419
9.3.2 Outdoor Small Cells 2420
9.3.3 Macrocells 2421
9.4 Frequency Ranges 2422
9.4.1 Sub-6 GHz 2423
9.4.2 mmWave 2424
9.5 End User Markets & Verticals 2425
9.5.1 Vertical Industries 2425
9.5.1.1 Agriculture 2427
9.5.1.2 Aviation 2428
9.5.1.3 Broadcasting 2429
9.5.1.4 Construction 2430
9.5.1.5 Education 2431
9.5.1.6 Forestry 2432
9.5.1.7 Healthcare 2433
9.5.1.8 Manufacturing 2434
9.5.1.9 Military 2435
9.5.1.10 Mining 2436
9.5.1.11 Oil & Gas 2437
9.5.1.12 Ports & Maritime Transport 2438
9.5.1.13 Public Safety 2439
9.5.1.14 Railways 2440
9.5.1.15 Utilities 2441
9.5.1.16 Warehousing & Others 2442
9.5.2 Offices, Buildings & Public Venues 2443
9.6 Regional Segmentation 2444
9.6.1 North America 2444
9.6.1.1 Infrastructure Submarkets 2444
9.6.1.2 End User Markets & Verticals 2445
9.6.2 Asia Pacific 2446
9.6.2.1 Infrastructure Submarkets 2446
9.6.2.2 End User Markets & Verticals 2447
9.6.3 Europe 2448
9.6.3.1 Infrastructure Submarkets 2448
9.6.3.2 End User Markets & Verticals 2449
9.6.4 Middle East & Africa 2450
9.6.4.1 Infrastructure Submarkets 2450
9.6.4.2 End User Markets & Verticals 2451
9.6.5 Latin & Central America 2452
9.6.5.1 Infrastructure Submarkets 2452
9.6.5.2 End User Markets & Verticals 2453
10 CHAPTER 10: CONCLUSION & STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS 2455
10.1 Why is the Market Poised to Grow? 2455
10.2 Future Roadmap: 2024 2030 2457
10.2.1 2024 2026: Continued Spending on Standalone Private 5G Networks 2457
10.2.2 2027 2029: Widespread Adoption of Industrial-Grade 5G Advanced NPNs 2458
10.2.3 2030 & Beyond: Towards Private 6G Connectivity for Future Applications 2458
10.3 Reviewing the Real-World Benefits of Private 5G Networks 2459
10.3.1 Efficiency Gains 2459
10.3.2 Cost Savings 2462
10.3.3 Worker Safety 2465
10.4 Vendor & Solution Provider Landscape 2466
10.4.1 Acquisitions, Consolidation & Partnerships 2466
10.4.2 Industry 4.0 Connectivity Solutions From Alternative Private 5G Infrastructure Suppliers 2467
10.4.3 Enabling the Testing of Domestically Produced 5G Network Equipment 2467
10.4.4 National Mobile Operators Continue to Retain a Significant Presence 2467
10.4.5 Emergence of New Classes of Private Network Service Providers 2468
10.4.6 Opportunities for Global System Integrators & Hyperscalers 2468
10.4.7 Startups Targeting Private 5G Security, Management & Orchestration Needs 2469
10.5 IIoT Remains the Central Driver for Private 5G Investments 2469
10.6 Reducing Reliance on Hard-Wired Cabling in Industrial & Enterprise Settings 2469
10.7 Driving the Convergence of IT & OT Domains With Industrial-Grade 5G Connectivity 2470
10.8 The Growing Role of 5G Network Slicing & Hybrid Public-Private Networks 2470
10.9 China Serving as a Proving Ground for Large-Scale Private 5G Projects 2471
10.10 Commercial Availability of Vertical Industry-Specific 3GPP Features 2471
10.11 5G Advanced Trials for Time-Sensitive Industrial Control Applications 2472
10.12 Spectrum Liberalization: Shared & Local Area Licensing Frameworks 2472
10.13 Mid-Band 5G NR RAN Installations Dominate the Market 2473
10.14 Prospects of Private 5G Networks in mmWave Spectrum 2473
10.15 Preliminary Deployments of 5G NR-U Technology 2474
10.16 Relationship Between Private 5G & Wi-Fi 6/6E/7 Systems 2474
10.17 Overlap With Neutral Host Networks for In-Building Coverage 2475
10.18 Synergies Between Private 5G Networks & Edge Computing 2475
10.19 Open RAN & vRAN (Virtualized RAN) Adoption in Private 5G Infrastructure 2476
10.20 SON & AI-Based Automation: Easing the Role of Enterprise IT Departments 2476
10.21 Satellite Backhaul & Direct-to-Device NTN Access for Coverage Extension 2477
10.22 Interconnectivity & Roaming in Private 5G Networks 2477
10.23 Strategic Recommendations 2478
10.23.1 5G Equipment & Chipset Suppliers 2478
10.23.2 System Integrators & Private Network Specialists 2478
10.23.3 National Mobile Network Operators 2479
10.23.4 End User Organizations & Vertical Industries 2480
