U.S. Solar Energy Market World Data, 2nd Edition
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After its best year ever in 2008, the world solar market struggled to survive a tumultuous 2009. What looked like a yawning drop for the photovoltaic (PV) market in the first half of the year turned into a solid gain in total amount of systems installed on the strength of strong German sales in the fourth quarter. But despite annual worldwide PV installations rising from 5.8 GW in 2008 to 6.6 GW in 2009, the PV market value dropped by 15.8% to $17.0 billion due to crashing PV cell and module prices.
The U.S. fared better than most countries, with the PV market up an estimated 6.0% in 2009 to $3.5 billion and PV installations rising to 469 MW. An extension of the solar tax credit and new recovery act funding helped to keep the U.S. PV market on a continuing upward trend.
The U.S. represented only 1% of a world solar thermal collector market dominated by China in 2009, shipping 1.0 GW of collectors worth $79.6 million. While still currently focused on low temperature pool heating systems that represented 82% of the U.S. market (by megawatts of collectors shipped) in 2009, SBI Energy anticipates much stronger growth in residential hot water systems heading to 2014.
Worldwide, the U.S. still has the greatest potential to increase its position in the solar market. SBI Energy foresees 900 MW of PV installations in 2010, rising to 7,600 MW of PV installations in 2014 building on renewed interest in solar from utilities and the extension of the solar tax credit. While the ST market will show only moderate growth in the U.S., the PV market segment will continue to shine in the U.S. and the concentrated solar power (CSP) market is set to explode. SBI Energy estimates the U.S. solar panel market will reach $34.5 billion in 2014.
U.S. Solar Energy Market World Data, 2nd Edition by SBI Energy analyzes the manufacturing and sales of the U.S. solar photovoltaic and solar thermal markets within the context of other key solar countries such as the Germany, Spain, Japan and China. The analysis will include definitions, current product offerings and market detail on the following segments:
Report Methodology
This report contains both primary and secondary data obtained from government sources, trade associations and publications, business journals, scientific papers, company literature, investment reports, and interviews with industry professionals. Statistics describing the production and sale of solar products in the U.S. are primarily through the U.S. Energy Information Administration. World solar product data comes from sources such as the International Energy Agency and the EurObserv’ER Barometer published by the EurObserv’ER consortium
What You’ll Get in This Report
U.S. Solar Energy Market World Data, 2nd Edition provides a concise, focused look on the photovoltaic and solar thermal market as it exists today, and shows where the market is moving over the next five years. The report highlights key players in the industry and pinpoints ways that current and prospective competitors can capitalize on recent trends and spearhead new ones. No other market research report provides both the comprehensive analysis and extensive data that U.S. Solar Energy Market World Data, 2nd Edition offers. Plus, you’ll benefit from extensive data, presented in easy-to-read and practical charts, tables and graphs.
How You’ll Benefit from this Report
If your company is already doing business related to solar electric power generation or solar thermal heating technologies, or is considering making the leap, you will find this report invaluable as it provides a comprehensive package of information and insight not offered in any other single source. You will gain a thorough understanding of the current market for all aspects of electric vehicles, as well as projected markets and trends through 2014.
This report will help:
After its best year ever in 2008, the world solar market struggled to survive a tumultuous 2009. What looked like a yawning drop for the photovoltaic (PV) market in the first half of the year turned into a solid gain in total amount of systems installed on the strength of strong German sales in the fourth quarter. But despite annual worldwide PV installations rising from 5.8 GW in 2008 to 6.6 GW in 2009, the PV market value dropped by 15.8% to $17.0 billion due to crashing PV cell and module prices.
The U.S. fared better than most countries, with the PV market up an estimated 6.0% in 2009 to $3.5 billion and PV installations rising to 469 MW. An extension of the solar tax credit and new recovery act funding helped to keep the U.S. PV market on a continuing upward trend.
The U.S. represented only 1% of a world solar thermal collector market dominated by China in 2009, shipping 1.0 GW of collectors worth $79.6 million. While still currently focused on low temperature pool heating systems that represented 82% of the U.S. market (by megawatts of collectors shipped) in 2009, SBI Energy anticipates much stronger growth in residential hot water systems heading to 2014.
Worldwide, the U.S. still has the greatest potential to increase its position in the solar market. SBI Energy foresees 900 MW of PV installations in 2010, rising to 7,600 MW of PV installations in 2014 building on renewed interest in solar from utilities and the extension of the solar tax credit. While the ST market will show only moderate growth in the U.S., the PV market segment will continue to shine in the U.S. and the concentrated solar power (CSP) market is set to explode. SBI Energy estimates the U.S. solar panel market will reach $34.5 billion in 2014.
U.S. Solar Energy Market World Data, 2nd Edition by SBI Energy analyzes the manufacturing and sales of the U.S. solar photovoltaic and solar thermal markets within the context of other key solar countries such as the Germany, Spain, Japan and China. The analysis will include definitions, current product offerings and market detail on the following segments:
- Photovoltaic cells and modules
- Vacuum tube and flat-panel solar thermal modules
- Balance of system components including inverters, frames, batteries and charge controllers
Report Methodology
This report contains both primary and secondary data obtained from government sources, trade associations and publications, business journals, scientific papers, company literature, investment reports, and interviews with industry professionals. Statistics describing the production and sale of solar products in the U.S. are primarily through the U.S. Energy Information Administration. World solar product data comes from sources such as the International Energy Agency and the EurObserv’ER Barometer published by the EurObserv’ER consortium
What You’ll Get in This Report
U.S. Solar Energy Market World Data, 2nd Edition provides a concise, focused look on the photovoltaic and solar thermal market as it exists today, and shows where the market is moving over the next five years. The report highlights key players in the industry and pinpoints ways that current and prospective competitors can capitalize on recent trends and spearhead new ones. No other market research report provides both the comprehensive analysis and extensive data that U.S. Solar Energy Market World Data, 2nd Edition offers. Plus, you’ll benefit from extensive data, presented in easy-to-read and practical charts, tables and graphs.
How You’ll Benefit from this Report
If your company is already doing business related to solar electric power generation or solar thermal heating technologies, or is considering making the leap, you will find this report invaluable as it provides a comprehensive package of information and insight not offered in any other single source. You will gain a thorough understanding of the current market for all aspects of electric vehicles, as well as projected markets and trends through 2014.
This report will help:
- Marketing managers identify market opportunities and develop targeted promotion plans for homeowners looking to invest in personal renewable energy options and who want to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
- Research and development professionals stay on top of competitor initiatives and explore demand for utility scale power generation and consumer scale PV and solar thermal applications.
- Advertising agencies working with clients in the banking, retail and power generation industries develop messages and images that compel homeowners, businesses and utilities migrate towards solar when looking at renewable energy options.
- Business development executives understand the dynamics of the market and identify possible partnerships.
- Information and research center librarians provide market researchers, brand and product managers and other colleagues with the vital information they need to do their jobs more effectively.
CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Research Methodology
The Global Solar Panel Market
Figure 1-1: World Solar Panel Market, 2006-2009 (in billion $)
The U.S. Solar Market
PV Cell & Module Shipments in the U.S
Figure 1-2: Annual U.S. PV Shipments, 2004-2009 (in million dollars)
Table 1-1: Annual U.S. Shipments of PV Cells & Modules by Type, 2004-2008 (in KW)
PV Installations in the U.S.
The U.S. Solar Thermal Market
Figure 1-3: U.S. Annual Solar Thermal Panel Shipments, 2004-2009 (in million $)
Rest of World PV Market
The Global CSP Market
Table 1-2: U.S. Annual CSP Shipments, 2004-2008
Solar Systems Sales in the U.S.
U.S. Imports & Exports of Solar Products
Forecast
Figure 1-4: World Solar Panel Market Forecast, 2010-2014 (in billion $)
U.S. Solar Forecast
Figure 1-5: U.S. Solar Market Forecast, 2010-2014 (in billion $)
PV Cells & Modules will Dominate the U.S. Solar Panel Market
Figure 1-6: U.S. PV Cell & Module Shipment Forecast, 2010-2014 (in billion $)
The Top PV Manufacturers
2009 Takes its Toll(ing)
U.S. PV Manufacturers
Top Solar Thermal Manufacturers
Solar Industry Installation & Shipment Trends
Figure 1-7: World Cumulative Installed PV, 2004-2009 (in MW)
Crystalline Silicon PV Still Controls the Market
Figure 1-8: World PV Shipments by Type, 2008 (in percentage)
Trends in Germany
Trends in Japan
Trends in China
U.S. Shipment Demographics
Grid-Tied Commercial Covers Almost Half the U.S. PV Market
California is King for PV Shipments
U.S. Solar Thermal Shipment Demographics
Solar Manufacturing Trends
Figure 1-9: World PV Production by Country, 2008 (in percentage)
U.S. Manufacturing Demographics
Solar Production Costs
Figure 1-10: Average U.S. PV Cell & Module Prices, 2004-2008 (in $/W)
Financing Trends
Solar Financing in the U.S.
Lukewarm Federal Support for Solar Installations
Private investment in the U.S. Solar Market
World Government Solar PV Incentives
Technology Trends
Solar Research in the U.S
The Solar Distribution Chain
U.S. Solar Sales Through the Distribution Chain
Figure 1-11: Distribution of PV Cells & Modules by Customer Type, 2005-2008 (in percentage)
Manufacturers Become Integrators & Installers
Distribution and Dealer/Installers
Table 1-4: Top Five California Installers, 2009
Top Inverter and Balance-of-System Providers
Inverter Manufacturers
Other BOS Manufacturers
Silicon Manufacturers
Potential Silicon Oversupply
CHAPTER 2: SOLAR PRODUCTS/SYSTEMS
Scope of Study: All Solar Systems and Products
Study Focus Primarily on the Photovoltaic Market
Research Methodology
Note on Abbreviations
Distributed vs. Centralized Generation
Photovoltaic Systems
From PV Cell to Module
Silicon Photovoltaic Technologies
Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Silicon Cells
Mono More Efficient Than Poly
Boules, Blocks, and “Kerf”
The String Ribbon Method
Standard Crystal Silicon Cell Processing
Thin Film PV Cells
Thin Film Attributes and Drawbacks
CdTe Technology the Cheapest PV Technology Available
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si)
CIGS
Thin Films, BIPV, and Durability
Other PV System Components
PV Systems: On-Grid vs. Off-Grid
The Most Important On-Grid Component: Inverters
Batteries & Charge Controllers
Mounts/Racks
SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS
Solar Water Heating Systems
Flat-Plate Collectors
Vacuum tube Collectors
Solar Water Heating: Low vs. Medium Temperature
Solar Heating Systems: Active and Passive
Active Water Heating Systems
Passive Water Heating Systems
Swimming Pool Systems
Solar Air Systems
Solar Cooling Systems
CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER (CSP)
CSP Basics
CSP vs. Conventional PV
CSP So Far Limited to Desert Settings
Dishes, Troughs, and Power Towers
CHAPTER 3: THE MARKET
A Note on the Data
The Global Solar Panel Market
Figure 3-1: World Solar Panel Market, 2006-2009 (in billion $)
The Tumultuous PV Market Almost Misses a Step
Figure 3-2: World Installed PV by Year, 2004-2009 (in MW)
Crystalline Silicon PV Still Controls the Market
Figure 3-3: World PV Shipments by Type, 2008 (in percentage)
U.S. Fighting to Remain a Top PV Market
Figure 3-4: Annual U.S. PV Shipments, 2004-2009 (in million dollars)
PV Shipments in the U.S.
Figure 3-5: U.S. Annual Shipments of PV Cells & Modules, 2004-2009 (in MW)
Table 3-1: Annual U.S. Shipments of PV Cells & Modules by Type, 2004-2008 (in KW)
Table 3-2: Annual U.S. Shipments of PV Cells & Modules by Type, 2004-2008 (in million dollars)
PV Installations in the U.S.
Figure 3-6: U.S. Installed PV per Year, 2004-2009 (in MW)
Rest of World PV Market
Germany Regains the Top PV Market Slot
Figure 3-7: Annual PV Installations in Germany, 2004-2009 (in MW)
Figure 3-8: PV Installations in Germany by Month, 2009 (in MW)
Japan and Italy Beat the U.S. in PV Installations in 2009
Figure 3-9: Annual PV Installations in Japan & Italy, 2004-2009 (in MW)
The Global Solar Thermal Market Holds a Steady Temperature
Figure 3-10: World Solar Thermal Installations by Year, 2006-2008 (in GW)
Figure 3-11: U.S. Annual Solar Thermal Panel Shipments, 2004-2009 (MW)
Figure 3-12: U.S. Annual Solar Thermal Panel Shipments, 2004-2009 (in million $)
The Global CSP Market
Table 3-3: U.S. Annual CSP Shipments, 2004-2008
Solar Systems Sales in the U.S.
Figure 3-13: U.S. Solar Systems Market, 2004-2009 (in million $)
Imports & Exports of Solar Products
Key PV Manufacturing Countries
Figure 3-14: World PV Production by Country, 2008 (in percentage)
U.S. Imports and Exports of PV Cells and Modules
Table 3-4: U.S. Annual PV Imports & Exports, 2004-2009 (in million $)
Table 3-5: U.S. Annual PV Imports & Exports by Type, 2004-2008 (in kW)
Figure 3-15: Top U.S. Import & Export countries, 2008 (in MW)
U.S. Imports and Exports of ST Panels
Table 3-6: U.S. Annual Solar Thermal Imports & Exports, 2004-2008 (in thousands of square feet)
MARKET DRIVERS & FORECAST
Other External Factors That Favor Growth in the Solar Market
The Economy: NRE Prices and Supplies
Ecology: Climate Change
Politics: National Security
Internal Factors Favoring Growth
Benefits of Solar Systems
Negative Growth Factors in the Solar Market
Expensive Price
Systems Affordability
FITs and the bubble effect
Government Involvement
Legal/Regulatory Issues
Utility Obstacles
Recovering from the Recession
Forecast
Figure 3-16: World Solar Panel Market Forecast, 2010-2014 (in billion $)
U.S. Solar Forecast
Figure 3-17: U.S. Solar Market Forecast, 2010-2014 (in billion $)
Figure 3-18: U.S. ST & CSP Market Forecast, 2010-2014 (in million $)
PV Cells & Modules will Dominate the U.S. Solar Panel Market
Figure 3-19: U.S. PV Cell & Module Shipment Forecast, 2010-2014 (in billion $)
Figure 3-20: U.S. PV Installations Forecast, 2010-2014 (MW)
Solar Thermal Moves Away from Low Temperature
Figure 3-21: U.S. Solar Thermal Collector Shipments Forecast, 2010-2014 (in million $)
The CSP Segment is Going to Ignite
Figure 3-22: U.S. CSP Collector Shipment Forecast, 2010-2014 (in million $)
CHAPTER 4: COMPETITORS
The Top PV Manufacturers
Table 4-1: Top Ten PV Cell & Module Manufacturers, 2009 (in MW)
2009 Takes its Toll(ing)
Mergers & Acquisitions
First Solar
Overview
Performance
Figure 4-1: First Solar Revenue, 2005-2009 (in million dollars)
Figure 4-2: First Solar’s Regional Revenue, 2009 (in percentage)
Products & Production
Figure 4-3: First Solar CdTe Thin-Film Production & Production Capacity, 2005-2012 (in MW)
Significant Developments
Suntech
Overview
Performance
Figure 4-4: Suntech Revenue, 2005-2009 (in million dollars)
Products & Production
Table 4-2: Suntech PV Products, 2010
Figure 4-5: Suntech Production & Production Capacity, 2005-2009 (in MW)
Significant Developments
Q-Cells
Overview
Performance
Figure 4-6: Q-Cells Revenue & Income, 2005-2009 (in millions of euro)
Products & Production
Table 4-3: Q-Cells PV Products, 2010
Significant Developments
Sharp
Overview
Performance
Figure 4-7: Sharp Solar Segment Revenue, 2005-2009 (in billion yen)
Products & Production
Table 4-4: Sharp PV Products, 2010
SunPower
Overview
Performance
Figure 4-8: SunPower Corporation’s Revenue by Business Segment, 2005-2009 (in million $)
Products & Production
Table 4-5: SunPower U.S. PV Products, 2010
Significant Developments
Other U.S. PV Manufacturers
Figure 4-9: U.S. Manufacturers & Importers of PV Cell & Module Shipments, 2005-2008 (in number of companies)
Crystalline Silicon PV Manufacturers
Table 4-6: Selected List of U.S Crystalline Silicon PV Cell & Module Manufacturers, 2010
Thin-Film PV Manufacturers
Table 4-7: Selected List of U.S Thin-Film PV Module Manufacturers, 2010
TOP SOLAR THERMAL MANUFACTURERS
Himin
Sangle Solar Energy
GREENoneTEC
U.S. Solar Thermal Manufacturers
Table 4-8: Selected List of U.S. Solar Thermal Manufacturers, 2010
CHAPTER 5: SOLAR INDUSTRY TRENDS
Solar Still a Niche Market in World Electricity Generation
Figure 5-1: U.S. Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 2008 (in percentage)
On-Grid Systems Coming On-Stream Worldwide, Lagging in the U.S.
Figure 5-2: Cumulative World On-Grid & Off-Grid PV Installations, 1992-2008 (as percentage of total PV installations)
Taking Advantage of Off-Grid PV Systems
INSTALLATION & SHIPMENT TRENDS
U.S. PV Shipment Demographics
Table 5-1: Domestic U.S. PV Shipments by End Use, 2007-2008 (in MW)
Figure 5-3: U.S. Installations by System Size, 2008 (in percentage)
Grid-Tied Commercial Covers Almost Half the U.S. PV Market
Figure 5-4: Domestic U.S. PV Shipments by Market Sector, 2008 (in percentage)
Table 5-2: Domestic U.S. PV Shipments by Market Sector, 2007-2008 (in MW)
California is King for PV Shipments
Figure 5-5: U.S. Domestic PV Shipments by Destination, 2008 (in kW)
Table 5-3: Domestic U.S. PV Shipments by State, 2007-2008 (in MW)
U.S. Solar Thermal Shipment Demographics
Table 5-4: Domestic U.S. ST Shipments by Market Sector, 2007-2008 (in thousand square feet)
Table 5-5: Domestic U.S. ST Shipments by End Use, 2007-2008 (in thousand square feet)
Table 5-6: Domestic U.S. ST Shipments by State, 2007-2008 (in thousand square feet)
World Solar Installation & Shipment Trends
Figure 5-6: World Cumulative Installed PV, 2004-2009 (in MW)
Germany
Figure 5-7: German PV Installations by Market Sector, 2008 (in percentage)
Japan
Figure 5-8: Domestic Japanese PV Shipments by Market Sector, 2009 (in MW)
China
World CSP Trends
Table 5-7: Current & Future CSP Facilities, 2010
SOLAR MANUFACTURING TRENDS
U.S. Manufacturing Demographics
Figure 5-9: U.S. Photovoltaic Cell & Module Manufacturing by State, 2007-2008 (in MW)
Figure 5-10: U.S. Photovoltaic Industry Companies, 2007-2008 (in number of companies)
ST Manufacturing Demographics
Figure 5-11: U.S. Solar Thermal Industry Companies, 2007-2008 (in number of companies)
World Solar Manufacturing Trends
Solar Production Costs
Figure 5-12: Average U.S. PV Cell & Module Prices, 2004-2008 (in $/W)
Figure 5-13: Average U.S. ST Collector Prices, 2004-2008 (in $/sq. ft.)
FINANCING TRENDS
Solar Financing in the U.S.
Table 5-8: State Financial Incentives for Solar PV & Solar Heating, 2010
U.S. States Picking up the PACE
Figure 5-14: PACE and Loan Availability for Solar Projects by State, 2010
Solar Support Growing Within State Policies
Table 5-9: State RPS Policies with Solar/DG Provisions, 2010
Lukewarm Federal Support for Solar Installations
Private investment in the U.S. Solar Market
Rent Your Own Solar electric System
World Government Solar Incentives
Table 5-10: World PV Feed-In Tariff Rates, 2010
TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
Photovoltaic Cell Efficiencies
Table 5-11: Top Photovoltaic Cell Efficiencies by Technology, 2010 (in percentage)
Solar Research in the U.S.
Figure 5-15: U.S. DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program Funding, FY2006-FY2010 (in millions $)
Thin-film has Come of Age
Asian Companies Embrace Hybrid TF Variations
Few Challengers in CdTe
CIGS Is Where the Action Is
Thin-film Promise
Thin-film Problems
Emerging PV Alternatives
Hybrid Cells
Organic Cells
Color-Sensitive Cells
Metallurgical Silicon
Quantum Dots
CHAPTER 6: THE SOLAR SUPPLY & DISTRIBUTION CHAIN
The Distribution Chain of the Solar Market
U.S. Solar Sales Through the Distribution Chain
Figure 6-1: Distribution of PV Cells & Modules by Customer Type, 2005-2008 (in percentage)
Figure 6-2: Distribution of ST Collectors by Customer Type, 2005-2008 (in percentage)
Manufacturers Become Integrators & Installers
Figure 6-3: U.S. PV Manufacturers/Importers Providing Installation Services, 2005-2008 (in number of companies)
The Drive to Value-Add: Distributors
Table 6-1: Selected List of U.S Solar Distributors, 2010
Distribution and Dealer/Installers
Table 6-2: Top Five California Installers, 2009
Distribution and Direct-Sales Retailers
System Designers
Systems Integrators
Table 6-3: Selected List of U.S. Solar Systems Integrators, 2010
TOP INVERTER AND BALANCE-OF-SYSTEM PROVIDERS
Inverter Manufacturers
Table 6-4: Selected List of U.S. Solar Market Competitors: Inverters, 2010
Other BOS Manufacturers
Table 6-5: Selected List of U.S. Solar Market Competitors: Charge Controllers, 2010
Table 6-6: Selected List of U.S. Solar Market Competitors: Batteries, 2010
Table 6-7: Selected List of U.S. Solar Market Competitors: Mounts/Racks, 2010
SILICON MANUFACTURERS
Leading Silicon Producers
Potential Silicon Oversupply
APPENDIX: SELECTED ADDRESSES OF SOLAR MARKETERS
PV Cell/Module Marketers
Solar Thermal Manufacturers
Inverter/BOS Manufacturers
Research Methodology
The Global Solar Panel Market
Figure 1-1: World Solar Panel Market, 2006-2009 (in billion $)
The U.S. Solar Market
PV Cell & Module Shipments in the U.S
Figure 1-2: Annual U.S. PV Shipments, 2004-2009 (in million dollars)
Table 1-1: Annual U.S. Shipments of PV Cells & Modules by Type, 2004-2008 (in KW)
PV Installations in the U.S.
The U.S. Solar Thermal Market
Figure 1-3: U.S. Annual Solar Thermal Panel Shipments, 2004-2009 (in million $)
Rest of World PV Market
The Global CSP Market
Table 1-2: U.S. Annual CSP Shipments, 2004-2008
Solar Systems Sales in the U.S.
U.S. Imports & Exports of Solar Products
Forecast
Figure 1-4: World Solar Panel Market Forecast, 2010-2014 (in billion $)
U.S. Solar Forecast
Figure 1-5: U.S. Solar Market Forecast, 2010-2014 (in billion $)
PV Cells & Modules will Dominate the U.S. Solar Panel Market
Figure 1-6: U.S. PV Cell & Module Shipment Forecast, 2010-2014 (in billion $)
The Top PV Manufacturers
2009 Takes its Toll(ing)
U.S. PV Manufacturers
Top Solar Thermal Manufacturers
Solar Industry Installation & Shipment Trends
Figure 1-7: World Cumulative Installed PV, 2004-2009 (in MW)
Crystalline Silicon PV Still Controls the Market
Figure 1-8: World PV Shipments by Type, 2008 (in percentage)
Trends in Germany
Trends in Japan
Trends in China
U.S. Shipment Demographics
Grid-Tied Commercial Covers Almost Half the U.S. PV Market
California is King for PV Shipments
U.S. Solar Thermal Shipment Demographics
Solar Manufacturing Trends
Figure 1-9: World PV Production by Country, 2008 (in percentage)
U.S. Manufacturing Demographics
Solar Production Costs
Figure 1-10: Average U.S. PV Cell & Module Prices, 2004-2008 (in $/W)
Financing Trends
Solar Financing in the U.S.
Lukewarm Federal Support for Solar Installations
Private investment in the U.S. Solar Market
World Government Solar PV Incentives
Technology Trends
Solar Research in the U.S
The Solar Distribution Chain
U.S. Solar Sales Through the Distribution Chain
Figure 1-11: Distribution of PV Cells & Modules by Customer Type, 2005-2008 (in percentage)
Manufacturers Become Integrators & Installers
Distribution and Dealer/Installers
Table 1-4: Top Five California Installers, 2009
Top Inverter and Balance-of-System Providers
Inverter Manufacturers
Other BOS Manufacturers
Silicon Manufacturers
Potential Silicon Oversupply
CHAPTER 2: SOLAR PRODUCTS/SYSTEMS
Scope of Study: All Solar Systems and Products
Study Focus Primarily on the Photovoltaic Market
Research Methodology
Note on Abbreviations
Distributed vs. Centralized Generation
Photovoltaic Systems
From PV Cell to Module
Silicon Photovoltaic Technologies
Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Silicon Cells
Mono More Efficient Than Poly
Boules, Blocks, and “Kerf”
The String Ribbon Method
Standard Crystal Silicon Cell Processing
Thin Film PV Cells
Thin Film Attributes and Drawbacks
CdTe Technology the Cheapest PV Technology Available
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si)
CIGS
Thin Films, BIPV, and Durability
Other PV System Components
PV Systems: On-Grid vs. Off-Grid
The Most Important On-Grid Component: Inverters
Batteries & Charge Controllers
Mounts/Racks
SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS
Solar Water Heating Systems
Flat-Plate Collectors
Vacuum tube Collectors
Solar Water Heating: Low vs. Medium Temperature
Solar Heating Systems: Active and Passive
Active Water Heating Systems
Passive Water Heating Systems
Swimming Pool Systems
Solar Air Systems
Solar Cooling Systems
CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER (CSP)
CSP Basics
CSP vs. Conventional PV
CSP So Far Limited to Desert Settings
Dishes, Troughs, and Power Towers
CHAPTER 3: THE MARKET
A Note on the Data
The Global Solar Panel Market
Figure 3-1: World Solar Panel Market, 2006-2009 (in billion $)
The Tumultuous PV Market Almost Misses a Step
Figure 3-2: World Installed PV by Year, 2004-2009 (in MW)
Crystalline Silicon PV Still Controls the Market
Figure 3-3: World PV Shipments by Type, 2008 (in percentage)
U.S. Fighting to Remain a Top PV Market
Figure 3-4: Annual U.S. PV Shipments, 2004-2009 (in million dollars)
PV Shipments in the U.S.
Figure 3-5: U.S. Annual Shipments of PV Cells & Modules, 2004-2009 (in MW)
Table 3-1: Annual U.S. Shipments of PV Cells & Modules by Type, 2004-2008 (in KW)
Table 3-2: Annual U.S. Shipments of PV Cells & Modules by Type, 2004-2008 (in million dollars)
PV Installations in the U.S.
Figure 3-6: U.S. Installed PV per Year, 2004-2009 (in MW)
Rest of World PV Market
Germany Regains the Top PV Market Slot
Figure 3-7: Annual PV Installations in Germany, 2004-2009 (in MW)
Figure 3-8: PV Installations in Germany by Month, 2009 (in MW)
Japan and Italy Beat the U.S. in PV Installations in 2009
Figure 3-9: Annual PV Installations in Japan & Italy, 2004-2009 (in MW)
The Global Solar Thermal Market Holds a Steady Temperature
Figure 3-10: World Solar Thermal Installations by Year, 2006-2008 (in GW)
Figure 3-11: U.S. Annual Solar Thermal Panel Shipments, 2004-2009 (MW)
Figure 3-12: U.S. Annual Solar Thermal Panel Shipments, 2004-2009 (in million $)
The Global CSP Market
Table 3-3: U.S. Annual CSP Shipments, 2004-2008
Solar Systems Sales in the U.S.
Figure 3-13: U.S. Solar Systems Market, 2004-2009 (in million $)
Imports & Exports of Solar Products
Key PV Manufacturing Countries
Figure 3-14: World PV Production by Country, 2008 (in percentage)
U.S. Imports and Exports of PV Cells and Modules
Table 3-4: U.S. Annual PV Imports & Exports, 2004-2009 (in million $)
Table 3-5: U.S. Annual PV Imports & Exports by Type, 2004-2008 (in kW)
Figure 3-15: Top U.S. Import & Export countries, 2008 (in MW)
U.S. Imports and Exports of ST Panels
Table 3-6: U.S. Annual Solar Thermal Imports & Exports, 2004-2008 (in thousands of square feet)
MARKET DRIVERS & FORECAST
Other External Factors That Favor Growth in the Solar Market
The Economy: NRE Prices and Supplies
Ecology: Climate Change
Politics: National Security
Internal Factors Favoring Growth
Benefits of Solar Systems
Negative Growth Factors in the Solar Market
Expensive Price
Systems Affordability
FITs and the bubble effect
Government Involvement
Legal/Regulatory Issues
Utility Obstacles
Recovering from the Recession
Forecast
Figure 3-16: World Solar Panel Market Forecast, 2010-2014 (in billion $)
U.S. Solar Forecast
Figure 3-17: U.S. Solar Market Forecast, 2010-2014 (in billion $)
Figure 3-18: U.S. ST & CSP Market Forecast, 2010-2014 (in million $)
PV Cells & Modules will Dominate the U.S. Solar Panel Market
Figure 3-19: U.S. PV Cell & Module Shipment Forecast, 2010-2014 (in billion $)
Figure 3-20: U.S. PV Installations Forecast, 2010-2014 (MW)
Solar Thermal Moves Away from Low Temperature
Figure 3-21: U.S. Solar Thermal Collector Shipments Forecast, 2010-2014 (in million $)
The CSP Segment is Going to Ignite
Figure 3-22: U.S. CSP Collector Shipment Forecast, 2010-2014 (in million $)
CHAPTER 4: COMPETITORS
The Top PV Manufacturers
Table 4-1: Top Ten PV Cell & Module Manufacturers, 2009 (in MW)
2009 Takes its Toll(ing)
Mergers & Acquisitions
First Solar
Overview
Performance
Figure 4-1: First Solar Revenue, 2005-2009 (in million dollars)
Figure 4-2: First Solar’s Regional Revenue, 2009 (in percentage)
Products & Production
Figure 4-3: First Solar CdTe Thin-Film Production & Production Capacity, 2005-2012 (in MW)
Significant Developments
Suntech
Overview
Performance
Figure 4-4: Suntech Revenue, 2005-2009 (in million dollars)
Products & Production
Table 4-2: Suntech PV Products, 2010
Figure 4-5: Suntech Production & Production Capacity, 2005-2009 (in MW)
Significant Developments
Q-Cells
Overview
Performance
Figure 4-6: Q-Cells Revenue & Income, 2005-2009 (in millions of euro)
Products & Production
Table 4-3: Q-Cells PV Products, 2010
Significant Developments
Sharp
Overview
Performance
Figure 4-7: Sharp Solar Segment Revenue, 2005-2009 (in billion yen)
Products & Production
Table 4-4: Sharp PV Products, 2010
SunPower
Overview
Performance
Figure 4-8: SunPower Corporation’s Revenue by Business Segment, 2005-2009 (in million $)
Products & Production
Table 4-5: SunPower U.S. PV Products, 2010
Significant Developments
Other U.S. PV Manufacturers
Figure 4-9: U.S. Manufacturers & Importers of PV Cell & Module Shipments, 2005-2008 (in number of companies)
Crystalline Silicon PV Manufacturers
Table 4-6: Selected List of U.S Crystalline Silicon PV Cell & Module Manufacturers, 2010
Thin-Film PV Manufacturers
Table 4-7: Selected List of U.S Thin-Film PV Module Manufacturers, 2010
TOP SOLAR THERMAL MANUFACTURERS
Himin
Sangle Solar Energy
GREENoneTEC
U.S. Solar Thermal Manufacturers
Table 4-8: Selected List of U.S. Solar Thermal Manufacturers, 2010
CHAPTER 5: SOLAR INDUSTRY TRENDS
Solar Still a Niche Market in World Electricity Generation
Figure 5-1: U.S. Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 2008 (in percentage)
On-Grid Systems Coming On-Stream Worldwide, Lagging in the U.S.
Figure 5-2: Cumulative World On-Grid & Off-Grid PV Installations, 1992-2008 (as percentage of total PV installations)
Taking Advantage of Off-Grid PV Systems
INSTALLATION & SHIPMENT TRENDS
U.S. PV Shipment Demographics
Table 5-1: Domestic U.S. PV Shipments by End Use, 2007-2008 (in MW)
Figure 5-3: U.S. Installations by System Size, 2008 (in percentage)
Grid-Tied Commercial Covers Almost Half the U.S. PV Market
Figure 5-4: Domestic U.S. PV Shipments by Market Sector, 2008 (in percentage)
Table 5-2: Domestic U.S. PV Shipments by Market Sector, 2007-2008 (in MW)
California is King for PV Shipments
Figure 5-5: U.S. Domestic PV Shipments by Destination, 2008 (in kW)
Table 5-3: Domestic U.S. PV Shipments by State, 2007-2008 (in MW)
U.S. Solar Thermal Shipment Demographics
Table 5-4: Domestic U.S. ST Shipments by Market Sector, 2007-2008 (in thousand square feet)
Table 5-5: Domestic U.S. ST Shipments by End Use, 2007-2008 (in thousand square feet)
Table 5-6: Domestic U.S. ST Shipments by State, 2007-2008 (in thousand square feet)
World Solar Installation & Shipment Trends
Figure 5-6: World Cumulative Installed PV, 2004-2009 (in MW)
Germany
Figure 5-7: German PV Installations by Market Sector, 2008 (in percentage)
Japan
Figure 5-8: Domestic Japanese PV Shipments by Market Sector, 2009 (in MW)
China
World CSP Trends
Table 5-7: Current & Future CSP Facilities, 2010
SOLAR MANUFACTURING TRENDS
U.S. Manufacturing Demographics
Figure 5-9: U.S. Photovoltaic Cell & Module Manufacturing by State, 2007-2008 (in MW)
Figure 5-10: U.S. Photovoltaic Industry Companies, 2007-2008 (in number of companies)
ST Manufacturing Demographics
Figure 5-11: U.S. Solar Thermal Industry Companies, 2007-2008 (in number of companies)
World Solar Manufacturing Trends
Solar Production Costs
Figure 5-12: Average U.S. PV Cell & Module Prices, 2004-2008 (in $/W)
Figure 5-13: Average U.S. ST Collector Prices, 2004-2008 (in $/sq. ft.)
FINANCING TRENDS
Solar Financing in the U.S.
Table 5-8: State Financial Incentives for Solar PV & Solar Heating, 2010
U.S. States Picking up the PACE
Figure 5-14: PACE and Loan Availability for Solar Projects by State, 2010
Solar Support Growing Within State Policies
Table 5-9: State RPS Policies with Solar/DG Provisions, 2010
Lukewarm Federal Support for Solar Installations
Private investment in the U.S. Solar Market
Rent Your Own Solar electric System
World Government Solar Incentives
Table 5-10: World PV Feed-In Tariff Rates, 2010
TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
Photovoltaic Cell Efficiencies
Table 5-11: Top Photovoltaic Cell Efficiencies by Technology, 2010 (in percentage)
Solar Research in the U.S.
Figure 5-15: U.S. DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program Funding, FY2006-FY2010 (in millions $)
Thin-film has Come of Age
Asian Companies Embrace Hybrid TF Variations
Few Challengers in CdTe
CIGS Is Where the Action Is
Thin-film Promise
Thin-film Problems
Emerging PV Alternatives
Hybrid Cells
Organic Cells
Color-Sensitive Cells
Metallurgical Silicon
Quantum Dots
CHAPTER 6: THE SOLAR SUPPLY & DISTRIBUTION CHAIN
The Distribution Chain of the Solar Market
U.S. Solar Sales Through the Distribution Chain
Figure 6-1: Distribution of PV Cells & Modules by Customer Type, 2005-2008 (in percentage)
Figure 6-2: Distribution of ST Collectors by Customer Type, 2005-2008 (in percentage)
Manufacturers Become Integrators & Installers
Figure 6-3: U.S. PV Manufacturers/Importers Providing Installation Services, 2005-2008 (in number of companies)
The Drive to Value-Add: Distributors
Table 6-1: Selected List of U.S Solar Distributors, 2010
Distribution and Dealer/Installers
Table 6-2: Top Five California Installers, 2009
Distribution and Direct-Sales Retailers
System Designers
Systems Integrators
Table 6-3: Selected List of U.S. Solar Systems Integrators, 2010
TOP INVERTER AND BALANCE-OF-SYSTEM PROVIDERS
Inverter Manufacturers
Table 6-4: Selected List of U.S. Solar Market Competitors: Inverters, 2010
Other BOS Manufacturers
Table 6-5: Selected List of U.S. Solar Market Competitors: Charge Controllers, 2010
Table 6-6: Selected List of U.S. Solar Market Competitors: Batteries, 2010
Table 6-7: Selected List of U.S. Solar Market Competitors: Mounts/Racks, 2010
SILICON MANUFACTURERS
Leading Silicon Producers
Potential Silicon Oversupply
APPENDIX: SELECTED ADDRESSES OF SOLAR MARKETERS
PV Cell/Module Marketers
Solar Thermal Manufacturers
Inverter/BOS Manufacturers
