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Piezoelectric Ceramic, Polymer and Ceramic/Polymer Composite Devices - Types, Materials, Apllications, New Developments, Industry Structure and Global Markets

February 2008 | 185 pages | ID: PC463AE00F7EN
Innovative Research & Products, Inc

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The piezoelectric device sector is actually not a single sector, but rather comprises a number of sectors with distinctly different characteristics. The sectors of most significance are:
  • high production volume, piezoelectric device sector consisting of generic piezoelectric devices such as actuators, motors, sensors, accelerators, transducers for ultrasonic medical imaging and non-destructive testing acoustic devices, Lengevin actuators for ultrasonic welding and cleaning, ceramic resonators, and miscellaneous types of devices designed for special applications such as transformers, vibration and noise cancellation in structures limited to different grades of piezoelectric crystals, ceramics such as PZT, PVDF and composites;
  • sonars for military and civil use; and.
  • niche applications such as energy harvesting, where piezoelectric devices such as generators offer a unique competitive advantage.

Piezo devices also include ultrasonic motors (USMs), which offer a high potential for miniaturization. These actuators produce no magnetic field since the excitation is quasi-electrostatic. Through their specific advantages compared to conventional electro-magnetic motors, USMs fill a gap in certain actuator applications. A key advantage of USMs over electromagnetic motors is their compactness, i.e. their high stall torque-mass ratio and high torque at low rotational speed, often making speed-reducing gears superfluous. Additionally, with no voltage applied, an inherent holding torque is present due to the frictional driving mechanism. It is also worthwhile to mention that their compactness and the high frequency electrical excitation make quick responses possible.

STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

This study focuses on key piezoelectric devices and provides data about the size and growth of the piezoelectric devices markets, company profiles and industry trends. The goal of this report is to provide a detailed and comprehensive multi-client study of the markets in North America, Europe, Japan, China, Korea and the rest of the world (ROW) for piezoelectric ceramic, polymer and ceramic/polymer composite devices, as well as potential business opportunities in the future.

A primary objective of this report is thorough coverage of underlying economic issues driving the piezoelectric ceramic and polymer devices business, as well as assessments of new, advanced piezoelectric devices that are being developed. Another important objective is to provide realistic market data and forecasts for piezoelectric devices. This study provides the most thorough and up-to-date assessment that can be found anywhere on the subject. The study also provides extensive quantification of the many important facets of market development in piezoelectric devices in the world. This, in turn, contributes to a determination of the kinds of strategic responses companies may adopt in order to compete in these dynamic markets.

Users of piezoelectric devices in developed markets must contend with twin pressures – to innovate and, at the same time, to reduce costs. New applications for piezoelectric devices have been proposed in recent years. This study condenses all of these business-related issues and opportunities.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

The piezoelectric devices market is a diversified but attractive and still-growing multi-billion dollar market characterized by very high production volumes of a diversified range of piezoelectric devices that must be both extremely reliable and low in cost. Growth in the piezoelectric devices market continues to be driven by increasing demands in camera phones for autofocus mechanisms, piezo-transformers, energy harvesting devices, data storage, semiconductors, microelectronics production, precision mechanics, life science and medical technology, optics, photonics, nano-metrology, robots, toys, HVAC control systems, hand held consumer electronic devices, automotives sensors, ultrasonic transducers for medical imaging and non-destructive testing and vibration related applications, structure health monitoring, ultrasonic welding and cleaning, ceramic resonators for mobile phones and devices used for information and communication technologies. Since sonars for military and civil uses and other applications constitute an established market, we have included this segment in this report.

The diversified piezoelectric ceramic device business is complex and fast moving, with manufacturers increasingly adopting a truly global view of the market. Around the world, consumers are demanding a high power density as well as an extremely long cycle life. In this challenging market, manufacturers have attempted to achieve growth through company mergers and acquisitions and by implementing global strategies. Traditional piezoelectric devices have a broad customer base, and new applications such as ceramic resonators in mobile phones, transformers in notebooks, and energy harvesting are new areas that have now entered the mainstream and are showing significant sales volumes.

With this background of new emerging technologies and applications, iRAP felt a need to conduct a detailed study and update technology developments and markets. The report identifies and evaluates piezoelectric ceramic devices and technologies which show potential growth.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY

This study provides the most complete accounting of the current market and future growth in piezoelectric devices in North America, Europe, Japan, China and the rest of the world. It provides the most thorough and up-to-date assessment that can be found anywhere on the subject. The study also provides extensive quantification of the many important facets of market developments in emerging markets, such as China, for piezoelectric devices. This quantification, in turn, contributes to the determination of what kind of strategic response suppliers may adopt in order to compete in these dynamic markets. Audiences for this study include directors of technology, marketing executives, business unit managers and other decision makers in the piezoelectric devices companies, as well as in companies peripheral to this business.

SCOPE AND FORMAT

The market data contained in this report quantify opportunities for piezoelectric ceramic and polymer materials and devices. In addition to product types, this report also covers the merits and future prospects of the piezoelectric ceramic and polymer devices business, including corporate strategies, information technologies, and the means for providing these highly advanced product and service offerings. This report also covers in detail the economic and technological issues regarded by many as critical to the industry’s current state of change. It provides a review of the piezoelectric ceramic devices industry and its structure, and of the many companies involved in providing these products. The competitive positions of the main players in the piezoelectric devices market and the strategic options they face are also discussed, along with such competitive factors as marketing, distribution and operations.

TO WHOM THE STUDY CATERS

The study will benefit the existing manufacturers of piezoelectric actuators, ultrasonic motors, sensors, transducers, transformers, resonators and micro- energy harvesting devices that seek to expand revenues and market opportunities by expanding and diversify in vast applications of devices based on piezo materials like PZT, PVDF and composites of PZT and PVDF, which are positioned to become a preferred solution for many applications. Also, this study will benefit users of piezoelectric-operated actuators and motors that deal with actuators where electromagnetic field generation is an issue and operational performance parameters and space are important considerations, such as in autofocus lens mechanisms of camera phones, nano-metrology, precision linear/rotary drives, drug delivery systems, antenna array deployment, and other fields.

REPORT SUMMARY

New applications are emerging for piezoelectric devices, which include actuators, ultrasonic motors, sensor arrays for structural health monitoring, transformers and micro energy harvesting devices which are an alternative to batteries in microwatt devices. Other new applications include high resolution ultrasonic medical imaging, computer disk drives, and accelerometers in mobile phones and notebooks.

Unlike other piezo devices, commercialization of piezoelectric-operated actuators and motors is likely to proceed in those markets where the specific advantages of high torque, high precision and lack of magnetic interference are particularly useful. When the costs can be lowered to competitive levels, and remaining technical problems such as frictional wear can be solved, piezoelectric motors may also become candidates in areas such as automotive accessories, where very high volume markets are possible.

The global market for traditional piezoelectric devices is quite mature in applications. However, the global market for new piezoelectric devices will see a robust two-digit growth rate in next five years.

Major findings of this report are:
  • The global market for the existing eleven generic types of piezoelectric devices now equals US $10.6 billion and is expected to reach $19.5 billion by 2012.
  • Among the nine markets, information technology/robots (31.7%), is the clear leader, followed by semiconductor manufacturing and precision machines (18.6%), sonar (12.5%), and bio/medical (11.1%). Other sectors that complete the total market are ecology and energy harvesting (7%), accelerators and sensors (5.8%), non-destructive testing (5.7%) and miscellaneous (gas igniters, piezo printing heads, telecommunication devices) (4.5%), acoustic devices and resonators(3.1%)
  • New devices such as piezoelectric generators will see the highest growth rate, estimated to be 51.5% annually. This category is followed by ceramic resonators (27.5%); miscellaneous applications (high voltage devices-gas igniters, piezoelectric elements in laser mirror alignments, acousto-optic modulators, piezoelectric drivers and piezoelectric amplifiers (19.8%); accelerators and sensors (14%); ultrasonic motors (13.4%); and transformers(13.6%). Ultrasonic motors will see 14.6% growth over five years.
  • Traditional devices also will see growth, including acoustic devices (13.6%), actuators for computer disk drives (11.6%); Langevin actuators for welding and cleaning (14.6%); sonars (6.75%), transducers (14%); and gas igniters, piezo printing heads, diesel injectors, and piezo amplifiers (19.8%).
  • In 2007, Japan has the highest market share of 26%, followed by Europe with 24%, china with 18%, North America with 14%, Korea with 8% and the rest of the world with 10%. By 2012, china will occupy second position ahead of Europe, with a 22% share of the global market.

INTRODUCTION

Study Goal and Objectives
Reasons for Doing the Study
Contributions of the Study
Scope and Format
Methodology
Information Sources
Target Audience for the Study
Author’s Credentials

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Summary Table Global Market Size/percentage Share for Piezoelectric Operated Devices by Product Type, 2007 and 2012
Summary Figure Percentages of Market Share for Piezoelectric Devices by Type for 2007 and 2012

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

Industry Structure and Market Dynamics
Industry Structure and Market Dynamics (continued)
Industry Structure and Market Dynamics (continued)
Industry Structure and Market Dynamics (continued)

TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

The Piezoelectric Effect
Ferroelectric Domains and Polarization to Piezoelectric
Direct and Inverse Piezo Effects
Orthogonal System for Piezoelectric Materials
  Figure 1 Orthogonal System to Describe Piezoelectric Materials
Five Modes of Piezoelectric Effects
  Table 1 Five Modes of Piezo Electric Effects
Definitions of Common Terminologies Used in Piezoelectric Material and Devices
Piezoelectric Charge Constant
Piezoelectric Voltage Constant
Permittivity
Electromechanical Coupling Factor
Dielectric Dissipation Factor (dielectric Loss Factor)
Curie Temperature
Mechanical Quality Factor
  Table 2 Definitions Used to Express Characteristics of Piezoelectric Devices
  Table 2 Definitions Used to Express Characteristics of Piezoelectric Devices (continued)
Required Functional Characteristics of Devices
Piezo Characteristics of PZT Materials and Applications
  Table 3 Comparison of Hard and Soft PZT Properties
Lead Titanate
Lead Magnesium Niobate – Lead Titanate (pmn-pt)
Five Classes of Active — Ceramics – PZT
PZT Manufacturing Process
PZT Applications
PZT Applications (continued)
Alternative Piezoelectric Materials
PVDF
PVDF (continued)
PVDF (continued)
Piezoelectric Composites
  Figure 2 Three Phases of PVDF Material
  Table 4 Individual Properties of PZT and PVDF
  Table 5 Properties of Piezoelectric Composite at Differentt Poling Field
Piezoelectric Composites (continued)
Types of Ceramic–polymer Composites
Manufacturing Process
Properties
  Table 6 Piezoelectric Properties of Some Transduction Materials
Properties (continued)

APPLICATION SEGMENTS

Actuators
Actuators (continued)
Bimorph Actuators
Construction
Characteristics
Usage
Unimorph Actuators
Building Block Actuators
Frequency-leveraged Actuators
Multilayer Actuators
Construction
Other Actuator Applications
X-Y Stage for Microscope Applications and Digital Slide Imaging Systems
X-Y Stage for Microscope Applications and Digital Slide Imaging Systems
Ceramic Servo Motors
Ceramic Servo Motors (continued)
Ceramic Servo Motors (continued)
Ceramic Servo Motors (continued)
High Volume Applications
Precision Mechanics
Data Storage
Robots and Toys
Hvac Building Control Systems
Interior Lighting
Biomedical Applications
Ultrasonic Motors
Squiggle Motors for Camera Phones
Squiggle Motors for Camera Phones (continued)
Technology of Piezoelectric Operated Motors
  Table 7 Piezoelectric Motor (traveling Wave) Typical Commercial Sizes
Technology of Piezoelectric Operated Motors (continued)
  Table 8 key Piezoelectric Motor Characteristics
Langevin Actuators
  Figure 3 Schematic Diagram of Langevin Type Actuators
Ultrasonic Cleaning
Piezo Transformers
  Figure 4 Piezo Transformer
Ceramic Resonators
Surface Acoustic Wave (saw) Resonators Using Ceramics
  Table 9 Preferred Materials for Surface Acoustic Wave Devices
  Figure 5 Construction of Ceramic Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators
Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators (fbar)
  Figure 6 Construction of Ceramic Surface Thin Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator
Bulk Acoustic Wave (baw) Resonator
  Figure 7 Construction of Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator
  Table 10 Comparison of Ceramic Resonators
Transducers
Noise Reduction/vibration Damping Applications
  Table 11 Characterstics of Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Testing Probes
Examples of Vibration Reduction.
  Figure 8 Active v/s Passive Vibration Damping
Examples of Vibration Reduction (continued)
Vibration Measurement (accelerometers)
Transducer Applications
Ultrasonic Medical Imaging
Nondestructive Testing
Nondestructive Testing (continued)
Piezo Generators
  Figure 9 Schematic Representation of the Piezoelectric Energy Arvesting Process
  Figure 10 Comparison of the Energy Density for the Three Types of Mechanical to Electrical Energy Converters
Piezo Generators (continued)
Sonars for Military and Civil use
  Figure 11 Classification of Sound by Frequency Level
Active Sonar
Active Sonar (continued)
Passive Sonar
  Table 12 Piezoelectric Ceramic Volume Fraction Selected in Pzt/pvdf Composite Devices for Sonars
  Table 13 Required Characterstics of Piezoelectric Sonars/hydrophones Elements for Navy
  Table 13 Required Characterstics of Piezoelectric Sonars/hydrophones Elements for Navy (continued)
Piezoelectric Sensors
  Table 14 Usage of Piezoelectric Accelerators and Sensors for Special Applications
  Table 14 Usage of Piezoelectric Accelerators and Sensors for Special Applications (continued)
Ultrasonic Flow Meters
Ultrasonic Sensors
Humidity Sensors
Pressure Sensors
Position Sensors
Knock Sensors
Ultrasonic Level Sensors
  Table 15 Comparision of Characterstics of Piezo Senors by Different Technologies
  Table 16 Characterstics of Piezoelectric Sensors
Accelerometers
Acoustic Devices
Car Alarms
Beepers
Sirens
Speakers
Microphones
Receivers
Headsets
  Table 17 Required Characterstics of Acoustic Devices
Miscellaneous Applications
High Voltage Devices/gas Ignitors
Piezo Print Heads
Diesel Injectors
Laser Mirror Alignment
Acousto-optic Modulators
Piezoelectric Drivers and Amplifiers
Ultrasonic Vibrators
Piezo Cable for Traffic Control
Ultrasonic Dental Scalers

MARKETS

  Table 18 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Piezoelectric Operated Devices by Product Type, 2007 and 2012
  Figure 12 Market Share for Piezoelectric Devices by Type , 2007 and 2012
Actuators
  Table 19 Global Market Distribution of Piezoelectric Actuators by Application, 2007 and 2012
Actuators (continued)
Ultrasonic Motors
Ultrasonic Motors (continued
Ultrasonic Motors (continued
    Table 20 Market Share According to Applications for Piezoelectric Driven Ultrasonic Motors/ceramic Servomotors, 2007 and 2012
Langevin Actuators
    Table 21 Global Market Distribution of Langevin Actuators by Application, 2007 and 2012
Piezo Transformers for Laptop Applications
Resonators for Mobile Phones
Transducers for Nondestructive Testing and Ultrasonic Medical Imaging
    Table 22 Global Market Distribution of Piezoelectric Transducers by Application, 2007 and 2012
Piezo Generators for Energy Harvesting
Sonars for Military and Civil use
Piezo Sensors and Accelerators
    Table 23 Global Market Distribution of Piezoelectric Sensors by Application, 2007 and 2012
Acoustic Devices
    Table 24 Global Market for Piezoelectric Acoustic Devices Thru 2012
Additional Piezoelectric Devices
    Table 25 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Piezoelectric Operated Devices – Miscellaneous Category, 2007 and 2012
Market Segments by Application
    Table 26 Global Market Size and Percentage Share for Piezoelectric Operated Devices by Application, 2007 and 2012
    Table 27 Application Wise Usage of Eleven Categories of Piezoelectric Devices
    Table 27 Application Wise Usage of Eleven Categories of Piezoelectric Devices (continued)
Broad Application Segments in the Market
    Table 28 Global Market for Piezoelectric-operated Devices by Applications - Military and Civilian - Through 2012
Market Segmentation by Piezo Electric Materials
    Table 29 Global Market for Piezoelectric Operated Devices Segmented by Material Used, 2007-2012
  Figure 13 Market Share According to Type of Piezoelectric Material Used in Devices, 2007 and 2012
Market Segmentation by Region
  Table 30 Summary of Market of Piezoelectric Devices by Region Through 2012
  Figure 14 Regional Percentages of Market Share for Piezoelectric Devices, 2007 and 2012
Market Segmentation by Region (continued)
Market Structure
Market Structure (continued)
  Table 31 Piezoelectric Material top Suppliers Product Line Reference
Market Structure (continued)
Market Structure (continued)
Market Share of Companies
  Table 32 top Companies Sharing the Global Market for Piezoelectric Ceramic, Ceramic/polymer Composite and Polymer Elements Based Devices Through 2007
Competition
Mergers, Acquisitions and Divestitures
  Table 33 Acquisition Deals Among Manufacturers of Piezoelectric Devices From 2000 to 2007
Business Models and Players
  Table 34 Piezoelectric Device Suppliers Product Line Reference
  Table 34 Piezoelectric Device Suppliers Product Line Reference (continued)
  Table 34 Piezoelectric Device Suppliers Product Line Reference (continued)
  Table 34 Piezoelectric Device Suppliers Product Line Reference (continued)

NEW DEVELOPMENTS

New Materials
New Processes
New Applications
New Devices
Future R&D Trends
Future R&D Trends (continued)
Future R&D Trends (continued)

PATENTS AND PATENT ANALYSIS

Patent Analysis
  Table 35 Number of U.S. Patents Granted to Companies Manufacturing Piezoelectric Devices From 2003 Through Sept. 2007
  Figure 15 Companies by Number of Patents Granted for Piezoelectric Devices From 2003 to Sept. 2007
International Overview of U.S. Patent Activity in Piezoelectric Operated Devices
  Table 36 U.S. Patents Granted to Assigned Country/region for Piezoelectric Devices From Jan. 2003 to 2007
International Overview of U.S. Patent Activity in Piezoelectric Operated Devices (continued)
International Overview of U.S. Patent Activity in Piezoelectric Operated Devices (continued)

COMPANY PROFILES

1 LTD
AIRMAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
ALPHA CERAMICS, INC.
ANNON PIEZO TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
ARS TECH
APC INTERNATIONAL, LTD.
BRANSON ULTRASONICS CORPORATION
CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES SA
CERAMTEC AG
CERATEC INC.
CHALLENGE ELECTRONICS
CHANNEL INDUSTRIES
CHANNEL PRODUCTS
CTS ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS, INC.
DYNAMIC STRUCTURES & MATERIALS, LLC
EDO COR. ELECTRO-CERAMIC PRODUCTS DIV.
EOPLEX TECHNOLOGIES, INC
EPCOS AG
FACE ELECTRONICS, LLC
FACE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
FERROPERM PIEZOCERAMICS A/S
FUJITSU LABORATORIES, LTD.
GCI ELECTRO-CERAMICS COMPANY
HOKURIKU ELECTRIC INDUSTRY CO., LTD.
HUASHENG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD
INSENSOR A/S
JIANGSU JIANGJIA ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.
KYUNGWON FERRITE IND. CO., LTD
L-3 COMMUNICATIONS OCEAN SYSTEMS
MAD CITY LABS, INC.
MATERIALS SYSTEMS INC.
MEASUREMENT SPECIALTIES INC
MICROJET TECHNOLOGY, CO., LTD.
MICROMECHATRONICS INC
MORGAN ELECTROCERAMICS LTD.
MURATA
NEC TOKIN CORPORATION
NPOINT, INC
NANOMOTION LTD.
NEW SCALE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NGK/NTK JAPAN
NINGBO EAST ELECTRONICS LTD.
NOLIAC A/S
OCEANA SENSORS
PHYSIK INSTRUMENTE
PI CERAMIC GMBH
PIEZO SOLUTIONS
PIEZO SYSTEMS, INC.
PIEZOSYSTEM JENA GMBH
PIEZO TECHNOLOGIES
SENSOR TECHNOLOGY LTD.
SHANGHAI JINLING CO., LTD.
SHENZHEN YUJIE ELECTRONICS CO.,LTD.
SICHAN INSTITUTE OF PIEZOELECTRIC AND ACOUSTO-OPTIC TECHNOLOGY (SIPAT)
SONICS & MATERIALS, INC.
SMART MATERIAL CORPORATION
SUMITOMO METAL (SMI) ELECTRONIC DEVICES, INC.
SUNNY ELECTRONICS CORPORATION
TAMURA
ULTRA ELECTRONICS
WEIFANG JUDE ELECTRONICS CO. LTD.


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