Laxative-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
Laxative-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Laxative industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Regional Market Size of Laxative 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Laxative worldwide, with company and product introduction, position in the Laxative market
Market status and development trend of Laxative by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Laxative, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the global Laxative market as:
Global Laxative Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Rest APAC
Latin America
Global Laxative Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Over-the-Counter Saline Laxatives
Prescribed Saline Laxatives
Global Laxative Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Drug store
Pharmacies
Hospital Pharmacies
Online
Global Laxative Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Laxative Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Bayer AG
Cardinal Health
Salix Pharmaceuticals
McKesson Corporation
The Kroger Company
Safeway
Family Dollar Stores
Supervalu Inc
Beutlich Pharmaceuticals
Walgreen Company
Holdings C.B. Fleet Company
Amerisourcebergen Corporation
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Laxative-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Laxative industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Regional Market Size of Laxative 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Laxative worldwide, with company and product introduction, position in the Laxative market
Market status and development trend of Laxative by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Laxative, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the global Laxative market as:
Global Laxative Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Rest APAC
Latin America
Global Laxative Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Over-the-Counter Saline Laxatives
Prescribed Saline Laxatives
Global Laxative Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Drug store
Pharmacies
Hospital Pharmacies
Online
Global Laxative Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Laxative Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Bayer AG
Cardinal Health
Salix Pharmaceuticals
McKesson Corporation
The Kroger Company
Safeway
Family Dollar Stores
Supervalu Inc
Beutlich Pharmaceuticals
Walgreen Company
Holdings C.B. Fleet Company
Amerisourcebergen Corporation
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF LAXATIVE
1.1 Definition of Laxative in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Laxative
1.2.1 Over-the-Counter Saline Laxatives
1.2.2 Prescribed Saline Laxatives
1.3 Downstream Application of Laxative
1.3.1 Drug store
1.3.2 Pharmacies
1.3.3 Hospital Pharmacies
1.3.4 Online
1.4 Development History of Laxative
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Laxative 2013-2023
1.5.1 Global Laxative Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Laxative Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Laxative 2013-2017
2.2 Sales Market of Laxative by Regions
2.2.1 Sales Volume of Laxative by Regions
2.2.2 Sales Value of Laxative by Regions
2.3 Production Market of Laxative by Regions
2.4 Global Market Forecast of Laxative 2018-2023
2.4.1 Global Market Forecast of Laxative 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Forecast of Laxative by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Sales Volume of Laxative by Types
3.2 Sales Value of Laxative by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Laxative by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Global Sales Volume of Laxative by Downstream Industry
4.2 Global Market Forecast of Laxative by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 NORTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
5.1 North America Laxative Market Status by Countries
5.1.1 North America Laxative Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.2 North America Laxative Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.3 United States Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.4 Canada Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.5 Mexico Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
5.2 North America Laxative Market Status by Manufacturers
5.3 North America Laxative Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.1 North America Laxative Sales by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.2 North America Laxative Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
5.4 North America Laxative Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 6 EUROPE MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
6.1 Europe Laxative Market Status by Countries
6.1.1 Europe Laxative Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.2 Europe Laxative Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.3 Germany Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.4 UK Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.5 France Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.6 Italy Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.7 Russia Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.8 Spain Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.9 Benelux Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
6.2 Europe Laxative Market Status by Manufacturers
6.3 Europe Laxative Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.1 Europe Laxative Sales by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.2 Europe Laxative Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
6.4 Europe Laxative Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 7 ASIA PACIFIC MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
7.1 Asia Pacific Laxative Market Status by Countries
7.1.1 Asia Pacific Laxative Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.2 Asia Pacific Laxative Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.3 China Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.4 Japan Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.5 India Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.6 Southeast Asia Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.7 Australia Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
7.2 Asia Pacific Laxative Market Status by Manufacturers
7.3 Asia Pacific Laxative Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.1 Asia Pacific Laxative Sales by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.2 Asia Pacific Laxative Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
7.4 Asia Pacific Laxative Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 8 LATIN AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
8.1 Latin America Laxative Market Status by Countries
8.1.1 Latin America Laxative Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.2 Latin America Laxative Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.3 Brazil Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.4 Argentina Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.5 Colombia Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
8.2 Latin America Laxative Market Status by Manufacturers
8.3 Latin America Laxative Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.1 Latin America Laxative Sales by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.2 Latin America Laxative Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
8.4 Latin America Laxative Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 9 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
9.1 Middle East and Africa Laxative Market Status by Countries
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Laxative Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Laxative Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.3 Middle East Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
9.1.4 Africa Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
9.2 Middle East and Africa Laxative Market Status by Manufacturers
9.3 Middle East and Africa Laxative Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.1 Middle East and Africa Laxative Sales by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.2 Middle East and Africa Laxative Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
9.4 Middle East and Africa Laxative Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 10 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF LAXATIVE
10.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
10.2 Laxative Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 11 LAXATIVE MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
11.1 Production Volume of Laxative by Major Manufacturers
11.2 Production Value of Laxative by Major Manufacturers
11.3 Basic Information of Laxative by Major Manufacturers
11.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Laxative Major Manufacturer
11.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Laxative Major Manufacturer
11.4 Market Competition News and Trend
11.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
11.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
11.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 12 LAXATIVE MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
12.1 Bayer AG
12.1.1 Company profile
12.1.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.1.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bayer AG
12.2 Cardinal Health
12.2.1 Company profile
12.2.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.2.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Cardinal Health
12.3 Salix Pharmaceuticals
12.3.1 Company profile
12.3.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.3.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Salix Pharmaceuticals
12.4 McKesson Corporation
12.4.1 Company profile
12.4.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.4.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of McKesson Corporation
12.5 The Kroger Company
12.5.1 Company profile
12.5.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.5.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of The Kroger Company
12.6 Safeway
12.6.1 Company profile
12.6.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.6.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Safeway
12.7 Family Dollar Stores
12.7.1 Company profile
12.7.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.7.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Family Dollar Stores
12.8 Supervalu Inc
12.8.1 Company profile
12.8.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.8.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Supervalu Inc
12.9 Beutlich Pharmaceuticals
12.9.1 Company profile
12.9.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.9.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Beutlich Pharmaceuticals
12.10 Walgreen Company
12.10.1 Company profile
12.10.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.10.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Walgreen Company
12.11 Holdings C.B. Fleet Company
12.11.1 Company profile
12.11.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.11.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Holdings C.B. Fleet Company
12.12 Amerisourcebergen Corporation
12.12.1 Company profile
12.12.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.12.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Amerisourcebergen Corporation
CHAPTER 13 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF LAXATIVE
13.1 Industry Chain of Laxative
13.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
13.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 14 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF LAXATIVE
14.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Laxative
14.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Laxative
14.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Laxative
14.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Laxative
CHAPTER 15 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 16 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
16.1 Methodology/Research Approach
16.1.1 Research Programs/Design
16.1.2 Market Size Estimation
16.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
16.2 Data Source
16.2.1 Secondary Sources
16.2.2 Primary Sources
16.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Laxative in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Laxative
1.2.1 Over-the-Counter Saline Laxatives
1.2.2 Prescribed Saline Laxatives
1.3 Downstream Application of Laxative
1.3.1 Drug store
1.3.2 Pharmacies
1.3.3 Hospital Pharmacies
1.3.4 Online
1.4 Development History of Laxative
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Laxative 2013-2023
1.5.1 Global Laxative Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Laxative Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Laxative 2013-2017
2.2 Sales Market of Laxative by Regions
2.2.1 Sales Volume of Laxative by Regions
2.2.2 Sales Value of Laxative by Regions
2.3 Production Market of Laxative by Regions
2.4 Global Market Forecast of Laxative 2018-2023
2.4.1 Global Market Forecast of Laxative 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Forecast of Laxative by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Sales Volume of Laxative by Types
3.2 Sales Value of Laxative by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Laxative by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Global Sales Volume of Laxative by Downstream Industry
4.2 Global Market Forecast of Laxative by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 NORTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
5.1 North America Laxative Market Status by Countries
5.1.1 North America Laxative Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.2 North America Laxative Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.3 United States Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.4 Canada Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.5 Mexico Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
5.2 North America Laxative Market Status by Manufacturers
5.3 North America Laxative Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.1 North America Laxative Sales by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.2 North America Laxative Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
5.4 North America Laxative Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 6 EUROPE MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
6.1 Europe Laxative Market Status by Countries
6.1.1 Europe Laxative Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.2 Europe Laxative Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.3 Germany Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.4 UK Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.5 France Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.6 Italy Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.7 Russia Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.8 Spain Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.9 Benelux Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
6.2 Europe Laxative Market Status by Manufacturers
6.3 Europe Laxative Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.1 Europe Laxative Sales by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.2 Europe Laxative Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
6.4 Europe Laxative Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 7 ASIA PACIFIC MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
7.1 Asia Pacific Laxative Market Status by Countries
7.1.1 Asia Pacific Laxative Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.2 Asia Pacific Laxative Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.3 China Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.4 Japan Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.5 India Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.6 Southeast Asia Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.7 Australia Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
7.2 Asia Pacific Laxative Market Status by Manufacturers
7.3 Asia Pacific Laxative Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.1 Asia Pacific Laxative Sales by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.2 Asia Pacific Laxative Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
7.4 Asia Pacific Laxative Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 8 LATIN AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
8.1 Latin America Laxative Market Status by Countries
8.1.1 Latin America Laxative Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.2 Latin America Laxative Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.3 Brazil Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.4 Argentina Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.5 Colombia Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
8.2 Latin America Laxative Market Status by Manufacturers
8.3 Latin America Laxative Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.1 Latin America Laxative Sales by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.2 Latin America Laxative Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
8.4 Latin America Laxative Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 9 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
9.1 Middle East and Africa Laxative Market Status by Countries
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Laxative Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Laxative Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.3 Middle East Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
9.1.4 Africa Laxative Market Status (2013-2017)
9.2 Middle East and Africa Laxative Market Status by Manufacturers
9.3 Middle East and Africa Laxative Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.1 Middle East and Africa Laxative Sales by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.2 Middle East and Africa Laxative Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
9.4 Middle East and Africa Laxative Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 10 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF LAXATIVE
10.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
10.2 Laxative Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 11 LAXATIVE MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
11.1 Production Volume of Laxative by Major Manufacturers
11.2 Production Value of Laxative by Major Manufacturers
11.3 Basic Information of Laxative by Major Manufacturers
11.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Laxative Major Manufacturer
11.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Laxative Major Manufacturer
11.4 Market Competition News and Trend
11.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
11.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
11.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 12 LAXATIVE MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
12.1 Bayer AG
12.1.1 Company profile
12.1.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.1.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bayer AG
12.2 Cardinal Health
12.2.1 Company profile
12.2.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.2.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Cardinal Health
12.3 Salix Pharmaceuticals
12.3.1 Company profile
12.3.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.3.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Salix Pharmaceuticals
12.4 McKesson Corporation
12.4.1 Company profile
12.4.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.4.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of McKesson Corporation
12.5 The Kroger Company
12.5.1 Company profile
12.5.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.5.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of The Kroger Company
12.6 Safeway
12.6.1 Company profile
12.6.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.6.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Safeway
12.7 Family Dollar Stores
12.7.1 Company profile
12.7.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.7.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Family Dollar Stores
12.8 Supervalu Inc
12.8.1 Company profile
12.8.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.8.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Supervalu Inc
12.9 Beutlich Pharmaceuticals
12.9.1 Company profile
12.9.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.9.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Beutlich Pharmaceuticals
12.10 Walgreen Company
12.10.1 Company profile
12.10.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.10.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Walgreen Company
12.11 Holdings C.B. Fleet Company
12.11.1 Company profile
12.11.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.11.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Holdings C.B. Fleet Company
12.12 Amerisourcebergen Corporation
12.12.1 Company profile
12.12.2 Representative Laxative Product
12.12.3 Laxative Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Amerisourcebergen Corporation
CHAPTER 13 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF LAXATIVE
13.1 Industry Chain of Laxative
13.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
13.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 14 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF LAXATIVE
14.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Laxative
14.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Laxative
14.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Laxative
14.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Laxative
CHAPTER 15 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 16 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
16.1 Methodology/Research Approach
16.1.1 Research Programs/Design
16.1.2 Market Size Estimation
16.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
16.2 Data Source
16.2.1 Secondary Sources
16.2.2 Primary Sources
16.3 Reference
