Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug-United States Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug-United States Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole United States and Regional Market Size of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States, with company and product introduction, position in the Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug market
Market status and development trend of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the United States Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug market as:
United States Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
New England
The Middle Atlantic
The Midwest
The West
The South
Southwest
United States Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
CPC-888
CVXL-0074
ADX-102
AGN-229666
Dexamethasone Acetate SR
Others
United States Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Clinic
Research Center
Hospital
Others
United States Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Accolade Pharmaceuticals LLC
Aldeyra Therapeutics Inc
AlleCures Inc
Allergan Plc
Clevexel Pharma SAS
Griffin Discoveries BV
Ocular Therapeutix Inc
Ohr Pharmaceutical Inc
Portola Pharmaceuticals Inc
Re-Pharm Ltd
Realm Therapeutics Plc
Sylentis SAU
Xencor Inc
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug-United States Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole United States and Regional Market Size of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States, with company and product introduction, position in the Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug market
Market status and development trend of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the United States Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug market as:
United States Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
New England
The Middle Atlantic
The Midwest
The West
The South
Southwest
United States Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
CPC-888
CVXL-0074
ADX-102
AGN-229666
Dexamethasone Acetate SR
Others
United States Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Clinic
Research Center
Hospital
Others
United States Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Accolade Pharmaceuticals LLC
Aldeyra Therapeutics Inc
AlleCures Inc
Allergan Plc
Clevexel Pharma SAS
Griffin Discoveries BV
Ocular Therapeutix Inc
Ohr Pharmaceutical Inc
Portola Pharmaceuticals Inc
Re-Pharm Ltd
Realm Therapeutics Plc
Sylentis SAU
Xencor Inc
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS DRUG
1.1 Definition of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
1.2.1 CPC-888
1.2.2 CVXL-0074
1.2.3 ADX-102
1.2.4 AGN-229666
1.2.5 Dexamethasone Acetate SR
1.2.6 Others
1.3 Downstream Application of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
1.3.1 Clinic
1.3.2 Research Center
1.3.3 Hospital
1.3.4 Others
1.4 Development History of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug 2013-2023
1.5.1 United States Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in New England 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in The Middle Atlantic 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in The Midwest 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in The West 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in The South 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in Southwest 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole United States Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Types
3.2 United States Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in New England
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in The Middle Atlantic
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in The Midwest
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in The West
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in The South
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Southwest
3.3 Market Forecast of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Types
CHAPTER 4 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Downstream Industry in New England
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Downstream Industry in The Middle Atlantic
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Downstream Industry in The Midwest
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Downstream Industry in The West
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Downstream Industry in The South
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Downstream Industry in Southwest
4.3 Market Forecast of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS DRUG
5.1 United States Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS DRUG MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN UNITED STATES
6.1 Sales Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS DRUG MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Accolade Pharmaceuticals LLC
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.1.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Accolade Pharmaceuticals LLC
7.2 Aldeyra Therapeutics Inc
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.2.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Aldeyra Therapeutics Inc
7.3 AlleCures Inc
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.3.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of AlleCures Inc
7.4 Allergan Plc
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.4.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Allergan Plc
7.5 Clevexel Pharma SAS
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.5.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Clevexel Pharma SAS
7.6 Griffin Discoveries BV
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.6.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Griffin Discoveries BV
7.7 Ocular Therapeutix Inc
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.7.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Ocular Therapeutix Inc
7.8 Ohr Pharmaceutical Inc
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.8.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Ohr Pharmaceutical Inc
7.9 Portola Pharmaceuticals Inc
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.9.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Portola Pharmaceuticals Inc
7.10 Re-Pharm Ltd
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.10.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Re-Pharm Ltd
7.11 Realm Therapeutics Plc
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.11.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Realm Therapeutics Plc
7.12 Sylentis SAU
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.12.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sylentis SAU
7.13 Xencor Inc
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.13.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Xencor Inc
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS DRUG
8.1 Industry Chain of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS DRUG
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS DRUG
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
1.2.1 CPC-888
1.2.2 CVXL-0074
1.2.3 ADX-102
1.2.4 AGN-229666
1.2.5 Dexamethasone Acetate SR
1.2.6 Others
1.3 Downstream Application of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
1.3.1 Clinic
1.3.2 Research Center
1.3.3 Hospital
1.3.4 Others
1.4 Development History of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug 2013-2023
1.5.1 United States Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in New England 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in The Middle Atlantic 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in The Midwest 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in The West 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in The South 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in Southwest 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole United States Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Types
3.2 United States Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in New England
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in The Middle Atlantic
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in The Midwest
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in The West
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in The South
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Southwest
3.3 Market Forecast of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Types
CHAPTER 4 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Downstream Industry in New England
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Downstream Industry in The Middle Atlantic
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Downstream Industry in The Midwest
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Downstream Industry in The West
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Downstream Industry in The South
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Downstream Industry in Southwest
4.3 Market Forecast of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS DRUG
5.1 United States Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS DRUG MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN UNITED STATES
6.1 Sales Volume of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug in United States by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS DRUG MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Accolade Pharmaceuticals LLC
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.1.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Accolade Pharmaceuticals LLC
7.2 Aldeyra Therapeutics Inc
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.2.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Aldeyra Therapeutics Inc
7.3 AlleCures Inc
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.3.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of AlleCures Inc
7.4 Allergan Plc
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.4.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Allergan Plc
7.5 Clevexel Pharma SAS
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.5.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Clevexel Pharma SAS
7.6 Griffin Discoveries BV
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.6.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Griffin Discoveries BV
7.7 Ocular Therapeutix Inc
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.7.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Ocular Therapeutix Inc
7.8 Ohr Pharmaceutical Inc
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.8.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Ohr Pharmaceutical Inc
7.9 Portola Pharmaceuticals Inc
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.9.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Portola Pharmaceuticals Inc
7.10 Re-Pharm Ltd
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.10.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Re-Pharm Ltd
7.11 Realm Therapeutics Plc
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.11.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Realm Therapeutics Plc
7.12 Sylentis SAU
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.12.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sylentis SAU
7.13 Xencor Inc
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Product
7.13.3 Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Xencor Inc
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS DRUG
8.1 Industry Chain of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS DRUG
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Allergic Conjunctivitis Drug
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS DRUG
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
