Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole Europe and Regional Market Size of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in Europe, with company and product introduction, position in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs market
Market status and development trend of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the Europe Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs market as:
Europe Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Spain
Benelux
Russia
Europe Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Preface
Eluxadoline
Alosetron
Rifaximin
Loperamide
Diphenoxylate + Atropine
Dicyclomine and Hyoscyamine
Europe Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Hospitals
Clinics
Others
Europe Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Astellas Pharmaceuticals
Actavis
Pfizer
GlaxoSmithKline
Salix Pharmaceuticals Ltd
AstraZenenca
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole Europe and Regional Market Size of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in Europe, with company and product introduction, position in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs market
Market status and development trend of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the Europe Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs market as:
Europe Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Spain
Benelux
Russia
Europe Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Preface
Eluxadoline
Alosetron
Rifaximin
Loperamide
Diphenoxylate + Atropine
Dicyclomine and Hyoscyamine
Europe Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Hospitals
Clinics
Others
Europe Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Astellas Pharmaceuticals
Actavis
Pfizer
GlaxoSmithKline
Salix Pharmaceuticals Ltd
AstraZenenca
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH DIARRHEA (IBS-D) DRUGS
1.1 Definition of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
1.2.1 Preface
1.2.2 Eluxadoline
1.2.3 Alosetron
1.2.4 Rifaximin
1.2.5 Loperamide
1.2.6 Diphenoxylate + Atropine
1.2.7 Dicyclomine and Hyoscyamine
1.3 Downstream Application of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
1.3.1 Hospitals
1.3.2 Clinics
1.3.3 Others
1.4 Development History of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs 2013-2023
1.5.1 EMEA Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 EMEA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in Europe 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in Middle East 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in Africa 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 EMEA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole EMEA Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Types
3.2 EMEA Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in Europe
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Middle East
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in Africa
3.3 Market Forecast of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Types
CHAPTER 4 EMEA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs by Downstream Industry in Europe
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs by Downstream Industry in Middle East
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs by Downstream Industry in Africa
4.3 Market Forecast of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH DIARRHEA (IBS-D) DRUGS
5.1 EMEA Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH DIARRHEA (IBS-D) DRUGS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN EMEA
6.1 Sales Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH DIARRHEA (IBS-D) DRUGS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Astellas Pharmaceuticals
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Product
7.1.3 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Astellas Pharmaceuticals
7.2 Actavis
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Product
7.2.3 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Actavis
7.3 Pfizer
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Product
7.3.3 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Pfizer
7.4 GlaxoSmithKline
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Product
7.4.3 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GlaxoSmithKline
7.5 Salix Pharmaceuticals Ltd
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Product
7.5.3 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Salix Pharmaceuticals Ltd
7.6 AstraZenenca
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Product
7.6.3 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of AstraZenenca
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH DIARRHEA (IBS-D) DRUGS
8.1 Industry Chain of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH DIARRHEA (IBS-D) DRUGS
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH DIARRHEA (IBS-D) DRUGS
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
1.2.1 Preface
1.2.2 Eluxadoline
1.2.3 Alosetron
1.2.4 Rifaximin
1.2.5 Loperamide
1.2.6 Diphenoxylate + Atropine
1.2.7 Dicyclomine and Hyoscyamine
1.3 Downstream Application of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
1.3.1 Hospitals
1.3.2 Clinics
1.3.3 Others
1.4 Development History of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs 2013-2023
1.5.1 EMEA Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 EMEA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in Europe 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in Middle East 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in Africa 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 EMEA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole EMEA Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Types
3.2 EMEA Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in Europe
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Middle East
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in Africa
3.3 Market Forecast of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Types
CHAPTER 4 EMEA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs by Downstream Industry in Europe
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs by Downstream Industry in Middle East
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs by Downstream Industry in Africa
4.3 Market Forecast of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH DIARRHEA (IBS-D) DRUGS
5.1 EMEA Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH DIARRHEA (IBS-D) DRUGS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN EMEA
6.1 Sales Volume of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs in EMEA by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH DIARRHEA (IBS-D) DRUGS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Astellas Pharmaceuticals
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Product
7.1.3 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Astellas Pharmaceuticals
7.2 Actavis
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Product
7.2.3 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Actavis
7.3 Pfizer
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Product
7.3.3 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Pfizer
7.4 GlaxoSmithKline
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Product
7.4.3 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GlaxoSmithKline
7.5 Salix Pharmaceuticals Ltd
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Product
7.5.3 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Salix Pharmaceuticals Ltd
7.6 AstraZenenca
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Product
7.6.3 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of AstraZenenca
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH DIARRHEA (IBS-D) DRUGS
8.1 Industry Chain of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH DIARRHEA (IBS-D) DRUGS
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D) Drugs
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH DIARRHEA (IBS-D) DRUGS
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
