Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices-China Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices-China Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole China and Regional Market Size of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China, with company and product introduction, position in the Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices market
Market status and development trend of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the China Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices market as:
China Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North China
Northeast China
East China
Central & South China
Southwest China
Northwest China
China Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Noninvasive
Minimally
Invasive
China Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Department of Cardiac Function
Department of cardiology
Department of Heart Surgery
Department of Anesthesia
ICU/CCU
Department of Emergency
China Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Edwards Lifesciences
Philips
ICU Medical
Panasonic
Cheetah Medical
GE
Nihon Kohden
Draeger
Schwarzer Cardiotek
Getinge (Pulsion)
Cnsystems
Mindray
LIDCO
Uscom
Deltex Medical
Osypka Medical
Baolihao
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices-China Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole China and Regional Market Size of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China, with company and product introduction, position in the Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices market
Market status and development trend of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the China Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices market as:
China Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North China
Northeast China
East China
Central & South China
Southwest China
Northwest China
China Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Noninvasive
Minimally
Invasive
China Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Department of Cardiac Function
Department of cardiology
Department of Heart Surgery
Department of Anesthesia
ICU/CCU
Department of Emergency
China Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Edwards Lifesciences
Philips
ICU Medical
Panasonic
Cheetah Medical
GE
Nihon Kohden
Draeger
Schwarzer Cardiotek
Getinge (Pulsion)
Cnsystems
Mindray
LIDCO
Uscom
Deltex Medical
Osypka Medical
Baolihao
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING DEVICES
1.1 Definition of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
1.2.1 Noninvasive
1.2.2 Minimally
1.2.3 Invasive
1.3 Downstream Application of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
1.3.1 Department of Cardiac Function
1.3.2 Department of cardiology
1.3.3 Department of Heart Surgery
1.3.4 Department of Anesthesia
1.3.5 ICU/CCU
1.3.6 Department of Emergency
1.4 Development History of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices 2013-2023
1.5.1 China Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in North China 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in Northeast China 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in East China 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in Central & South China 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in Southwest China 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in Northwest China 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole China Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Types
3.2 China Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in North China
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Northeast China
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in East China
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Central & South China
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Southwest China
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Northwest China
3.3 Market Forecast of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Types
CHAPTER 4 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Downstream Industry in North China
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Downstream Industry in Northeast China
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Downstream Industry in East China
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Downstream Industry in Central & South China
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Downstream Industry in Southwest China
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Downstream Industry in Northwest China
4.3 Market Forecast of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING DEVICES
5.1 China Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING DEVICES MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN CHINA
6.1 Sales Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING DEVICES MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Edwards Lifesciences
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.1.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Edwards Lifesciences
7.2 Philips
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.2.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Philips
7.3 ICU Medical
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.3.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ICU Medical
7.4 Panasonic
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.4.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Panasonic
7.5 Cheetah Medical
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.5.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Cheetah Medical
7.6 GE
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.6.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GE
7.7 Nihon Kohden
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.7.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nihon Kohden
7.8 Draeger
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.8.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Draeger
7.9 Schwarzer Cardiotek
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.9.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Schwarzer Cardiotek
7.10 Getinge (Pulsion)
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.10.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Getinge (Pulsion)
7.11 Cnsystems
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.11.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Cnsystems
7.12 Mindray
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.12.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Mindray
7.13 LIDCO
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.13.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of LIDCO
7.14 Uscom
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.14.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Uscom
7.15 Deltex Medical
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.15.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Deltex Medical
7.16 Osypka Medical
7.17 Baolihao
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING DEVICES
8.1 Industry Chain of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING DEVICES
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING DEVICES
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
1.2.1 Noninvasive
1.2.2 Minimally
1.2.3 Invasive
1.3 Downstream Application of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
1.3.1 Department of Cardiac Function
1.3.2 Department of cardiology
1.3.3 Department of Heart Surgery
1.3.4 Department of Anesthesia
1.3.5 ICU/CCU
1.3.6 Department of Emergency
1.4 Development History of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices 2013-2023
1.5.1 China Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in North China 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in Northeast China 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in East China 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in Central & South China 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in Southwest China 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in Northwest China 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole China Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Types
3.2 China Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in North China
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Northeast China
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in East China
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Central & South China
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Southwest China
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Northwest China
3.3 Market Forecast of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Types
CHAPTER 4 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Downstream Industry in North China
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Downstream Industry in Northeast China
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Downstream Industry in East China
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Downstream Industry in Central & South China
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Downstream Industry in Southwest China
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Downstream Industry in Northwest China
4.3 Market Forecast of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING DEVICES
5.1 China Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING DEVICES MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN CHINA
6.1 Sales Volume of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in China by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING DEVICES MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Edwards Lifesciences
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.1.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Edwards Lifesciences
7.2 Philips
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.2.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Philips
7.3 ICU Medical
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.3.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ICU Medical
7.4 Panasonic
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.4.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Panasonic
7.5 Cheetah Medical
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.5.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Cheetah Medical
7.6 GE
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.6.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GE
7.7 Nihon Kohden
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.7.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nihon Kohden
7.8 Draeger
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.8.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Draeger
7.9 Schwarzer Cardiotek
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.9.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Schwarzer Cardiotek
7.10 Getinge (Pulsion)
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.10.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Getinge (Pulsion)
7.11 Cnsystems
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.11.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Cnsystems
7.12 Mindray
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.12.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Mindray
7.13 LIDCO
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.13.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of LIDCO
7.14 Uscom
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.14.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Uscom
7.15 Deltex Medical
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Product
7.15.3 Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Deltex Medical
7.16 Osypka Medical
7.17 Baolihao
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING DEVICES
8.1 Industry Chain of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING DEVICES
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING DEVICES
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference