Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package-United States Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package-United States Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole United States and Regional Market Size of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States, with company and product introduction, position in the Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package market
Market status and development trend of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the United States Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package market as:
United States Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
New England
The Middle Atlantic
The Midwest
The West
The South
Southwest
United States Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Basic Package
Precision Surgical Instrument Package
United States Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Orthopedics
Dental
Ophthalmic
Others
United States Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Case Medical
Olympus Corporation
KARL STORZ
KG
Richard WOLF
Coloplast
Cook Medical
Shanghai Medical Instruments
Boston Scientific
Medtronic
Teleflex Incorporated
Stryker Corporation
CooperSurgical
ConMed Corporation
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package-United States Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole United States and Regional Market Size of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States, with company and product introduction, position in the Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package market
Market status and development trend of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the United States Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package market as:
United States Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
New England
The Middle Atlantic
The Midwest
The West
The South
Southwest
United States Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Basic Package
Precision Surgical Instrument Package
United States Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Orthopedics
Dental
Ophthalmic
Others
United States Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Case Medical
Olympus Corporation
KARL STORZ
KG
Richard WOLF
Coloplast
Cook Medical
Shanghai Medical Instruments
Boston Scientific
Medtronic
Teleflex Incorporated
Stryker Corporation
CooperSurgical
ConMed Corporation
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF ORTHOPEDIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS PACKAGE
1.1 Definition of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
1.2.1 Basic Package
1.2.2 Precision Surgical Instrument Package
1.3 Downstream Application of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
1.3.1 Orthopedics
1.3.2 Dental
1.3.3 Ophthalmic
1.3.4 Others
1.4 Development History of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package 2013-2023
1.5.1 United States Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in New England 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in The Middle Atlantic 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in The Midwest 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in The West 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in The South 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in Southwest 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole United States Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Types
3.2 United States Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in New England
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in The Middle Atlantic
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in The Midwest
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in The West
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in The South
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Southwest
3.3 Market Forecast of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Types
CHAPTER 4 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Downstream Industry in New England
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Downstream Industry in The Middle Atlantic
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Downstream Industry in The Midwest
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Downstream Industry in The West
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Downstream Industry in The South
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Downstream Industry in Southwest
4.3 Market Forecast of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF ORTHOPEDIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS PACKAGE
5.1 United States Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 ORTHOPEDIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS PACKAGE MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN UNITED STATES
6.1 Sales Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 ORTHOPEDIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS PACKAGE MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Case Medical
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.1.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Case Medical
7.2 Olympus Corporation
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.2.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Olympus Corporation
7.3 KARL STORZ
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.3.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of KARL STORZ
7.4 KG
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.4.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of KG
7.5 Richard WOLF
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.5.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Richard WOLF
7.6 Coloplast
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.6.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Coloplast
7.7 Cook Medical
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.7.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Cook Medical
7.8 Shanghai Medical Instruments
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.8.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Shanghai Medical Instruments
7.9 Boston Scientific
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.9.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Boston Scientific
7.10 Medtronic
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.10.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Medtronic
7.11 Teleflex Incorporated
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.11.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Teleflex Incorporated
7.12 Stryker Corporation
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.12.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Stryker Corporation
7.13 CooperSurgical
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.13.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of CooperSurgical
7.14 ConMed Corporation
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.14.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ConMed Corporation
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF ORTHOPEDIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS PACKAGE
8.1 Industry Chain of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF ORTHOPEDIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS PACKAGE
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF ORTHOPEDIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS PACKAGE
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
1.2.1 Basic Package
1.2.2 Precision Surgical Instrument Package
1.3 Downstream Application of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
1.3.1 Orthopedics
1.3.2 Dental
1.3.3 Ophthalmic
1.3.4 Others
1.4 Development History of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package 2013-2023
1.5.1 United States Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in New England 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in The Middle Atlantic 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in The Midwest 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in The West 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in The South 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in Southwest 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole United States Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Types
3.2 United States Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in New England
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in The Middle Atlantic
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in The Midwest
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in The West
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in The South
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Southwest
3.3 Market Forecast of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Types
CHAPTER 4 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Downstream Industry in New England
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Downstream Industry in The Middle Atlantic
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Downstream Industry in The Midwest
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Downstream Industry in The West
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Downstream Industry in The South
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Downstream Industry in Southwest
4.3 Market Forecast of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF ORTHOPEDIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS PACKAGE
5.1 United States Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 ORTHOPEDIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS PACKAGE MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN UNITED STATES
6.1 Sales Volume of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package in United States by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 ORTHOPEDIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS PACKAGE MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Case Medical
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.1.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Case Medical
7.2 Olympus Corporation
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.2.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Olympus Corporation
7.3 KARL STORZ
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.3.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of KARL STORZ
7.4 KG
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.4.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of KG
7.5 Richard WOLF
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.5.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Richard WOLF
7.6 Coloplast
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.6.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Coloplast
7.7 Cook Medical
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.7.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Cook Medical
7.8 Shanghai Medical Instruments
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.8.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Shanghai Medical Instruments
7.9 Boston Scientific
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.9.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Boston Scientific
7.10 Medtronic
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.10.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Medtronic
7.11 Teleflex Incorporated
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.11.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Teleflex Incorporated
7.12 Stryker Corporation
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.12.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Stryker Corporation
7.13 CooperSurgical
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.13.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of CooperSurgical
7.14 ConMed Corporation
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Product
7.14.3 Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ConMed Corporation
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF ORTHOPEDIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS PACKAGE
8.1 Industry Chain of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF ORTHOPEDIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS PACKAGE
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Instruments Package
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF ORTHOPEDIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS PACKAGE
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
