Weekly Disposable Contact Lens-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
Weekly Disposable Contact Lens-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Weekly Disposable Contact Lens industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole Europe and Regional Market Size of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe, with company and product introduction, position in the Weekly Disposable Contact Lens market
Market status and development trend of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the Europe Weekly Disposable Contact Lens market as:
Europe Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Spain
Benelux
Russia
Europe Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Hybrid Contact Lenses
Soft Contact Lenses
Europe Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Corrective Lenses
Therapeutic Lenses
Cosmetic Lenses and Lifestyle-Oriented Lenses
Other
Europe Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Johnson &Johnson Vision Care
Novartis
CooperVision
Bausch + Lomb
St.Shine Optical
Menicon
Hydron
Weicon
Bescon
NEO Vision
G&G Contact Lens
GEO
CLB Vision
PEGA Vision
Camax
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Weekly Disposable Contact Lens-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Weekly Disposable Contact Lens industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole Europe and Regional Market Size of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe, with company and product introduction, position in the Weekly Disposable Contact Lens market
Market status and development trend of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the Europe Weekly Disposable Contact Lens market as:
Europe Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Spain
Benelux
Russia
Europe Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Hybrid Contact Lenses
Soft Contact Lenses
Europe Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Corrective Lenses
Therapeutic Lenses
Cosmetic Lenses and Lifestyle-Oriented Lenses
Other
Europe Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Johnson &Johnson Vision Care
Novartis
CooperVision
Bausch + Lomb
St.Shine Optical
Menicon
Hydron
Weicon
Bescon
NEO Vision
G&G Contact Lens
GEO
CLB Vision
PEGA Vision
Camax
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF WEEKLY DISPOSABLE CONTACT LENS
1.1 Definition of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
1.2.1 Hybrid Contact Lenses
1.2.2 Soft Contact Lenses
1.3 Downstream Application of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
1.3.1 Corrective Lenses
1.3.2 Therapeutic Lenses
1.3.3 Cosmetic Lenses and Lifestyle-Oriented Lenses
1.3.4 Other
1.4 Development History of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens 2013-2023
1.5.1 Europe Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Germany 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in United Kingdom 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in France 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Italy 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Spain 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Benelux 2013-2017
2.3.7 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Russia 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole Europe Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Types
3.2 Europe Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in Germany
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in United Kingdom
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in France
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Italy
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Spain
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Benelux
3.2.7 Market Status by Types in Russia
3.3 Market Forecast of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Types
CHAPTER 4 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in Germany
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in United Kingdom
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in France
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in Italy
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in Spain
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in Benelux
4.2.7 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in Russia
4.3 Market Forecast of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF WEEKLY DISPOSABLE CONTACT LENS
5.1 Europe Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 WEEKLY DISPOSABLE CONTACT LENS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN EUROPE
6.1 Sales Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 WEEKLY DISPOSABLE CONTACT LENS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Johnson &Johnson Vision Care
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.1.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Johnson &Johnson Vision Care
7.2 Novartis
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.2.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Novartis
7.3 CooperVision
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.3.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of CooperVision
7.4 Bausch + Lomb
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.4.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bausch + Lomb
7.5 St.Shine Optical
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.5.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of St.Shine Optical
7.6 Menicon
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.6.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Menicon
7.7 Hydron
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.7.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Hydron
7.8 Weicon
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.8.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Weicon
7.9 Bescon
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.9.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bescon
7.10 NEO Vision
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.10.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of NEO Vision
7.11 G&G Contact Lens
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.11.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of G&G Contact Lens
7.12 GEO
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.12.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GEO
7.13 CLB Vision
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.13.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of CLB Vision
7.14 PEGA Vision
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.14.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of PEGA Vision
7.15 Camax
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.15.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Camax
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF WEEKLY DISPOSABLE CONTACT LENS
8.1 Industry Chain of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF WEEKLY DISPOSABLE CONTACT LENS
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF WEEKLY DISPOSABLE CONTACT LENS
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
1.2.1 Hybrid Contact Lenses
1.2.2 Soft Contact Lenses
1.3 Downstream Application of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
1.3.1 Corrective Lenses
1.3.2 Therapeutic Lenses
1.3.3 Cosmetic Lenses and Lifestyle-Oriented Lenses
1.3.4 Other
1.4 Development History of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens 2013-2023
1.5.1 Europe Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Germany 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in United Kingdom 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in France 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Italy 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Spain 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Benelux 2013-2017
2.3.7 Market Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Russia 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole Europe Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Types
3.2 Europe Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in Germany
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in United Kingdom
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in France
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Italy
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Spain
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Benelux
3.2.7 Market Status by Types in Russia
3.3 Market Forecast of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Types
CHAPTER 4 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in Germany
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in United Kingdom
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in France
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in Italy
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in Spain
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in Benelux
4.2.7 Demand Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Downstream Industry in Russia
4.3 Market Forecast of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF WEEKLY DISPOSABLE CONTACT LENS
5.1 Europe Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 WEEKLY DISPOSABLE CONTACT LENS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN EUROPE
6.1 Sales Volume of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens in Europe by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 WEEKLY DISPOSABLE CONTACT LENS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Johnson &Johnson Vision Care
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.1.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Johnson &Johnson Vision Care
7.2 Novartis
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.2.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Novartis
7.3 CooperVision
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.3.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of CooperVision
7.4 Bausch + Lomb
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.4.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bausch + Lomb
7.5 St.Shine Optical
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.5.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of St.Shine Optical
7.6 Menicon
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.6.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Menicon
7.7 Hydron
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.7.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Hydron
7.8 Weicon
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.8.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Weicon
7.9 Bescon
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.9.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bescon
7.10 NEO Vision
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.10.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of NEO Vision
7.11 G&G Contact Lens
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.11.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of G&G Contact Lens
7.12 GEO
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.12.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GEO
7.13 CLB Vision
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.13.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of CLB Vision
7.14 PEGA Vision
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.14.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of PEGA Vision
7.15 Camax
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Product
7.15.3 Weekly Disposable Contact Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Camax
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF WEEKLY DISPOSABLE CONTACT LENS
8.1 Industry Chain of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF WEEKLY DISPOSABLE CONTACT LENS
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Weekly Disposable Contact Lens
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF WEEKLY DISPOSABLE CONTACT LENS
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
