Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers-China Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers-China Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole China and Regional Market Size of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China, with company and product introduction, position in the Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers market
Market status and development trend of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the China Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers market as:
China Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North China
Northeast China
East China
Central & South China
Southwest China
Northwest China
China Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Air Ionizer
Air Purifier
Hybrid
China Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Passenger Vehicles
Commercial Vehicles
China Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Honeywell (US)
Eureka Forbes (India)
Purafil, Inc (US)
Kent RO Systems (India)
Panasonic (Japan)
Mann+Hummel Filter Technology (Germany)
Diamond Air Purifiers (China)
Koninklijke Philips (Netherlands)
Sharp Electronics (Japan)
Livpure Private Limited (India)
ADA Electrotech (Xiamen) Co., Ltd (China)
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers-China Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole China and Regional Market Size of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China, with company and product introduction, position in the Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers market
Market status and development trend of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the China Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers market as:
China Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North China
Northeast China
East China
Central & South China
Southwest China
Northwest China
China Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Air Ionizer
Air Purifier
Hybrid
China Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Passenger Vehicles
Commercial Vehicles
China Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Honeywell (US)
Eureka Forbes (India)
Purafil, Inc (US)
Kent RO Systems (India)
Panasonic (Japan)
Mann+Hummel Filter Technology (Germany)
Diamond Air Purifiers (China)
Koninklijke Philips (Netherlands)
Sharp Electronics (Japan)
Livpure Private Limited (India)
ADA Electrotech (Xiamen) Co., Ltd (China)
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF AUTOMOTIVE IN-VEHICLE AIR PURIFIERS
1.1 Definition of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
1.2.1 Air Ionizer
1.2.2 Air Purifier
1.2.3 Hybrid
1.3 Downstream Application of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
1.3.1 Passenger Vehicles
1.3.2 Commercial Vehicles
1.4 Development History of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers 2013-2023
1.5.1 China Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in North China 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in Northeast China 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in East China 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in Central & South China 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in Southwest China 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in Northwest China 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole China Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Types
3.2 China Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in North China
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Northeast China
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in East China
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Central & South China
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Southwest China
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Northwest China
3.3 Market Forecast of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Types
CHAPTER 4 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Downstream Industry in North China
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Downstream Industry in Northeast China
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Downstream Industry in East China
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Downstream Industry in Central & South China
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Downstream Industry in Southwest China
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Downstream Industry in Northwest China
4.3 Market Forecast of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE IN-VEHICLE AIR PURIFIERS
5.1 China Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 AUTOMOTIVE IN-VEHICLE AIR PURIFIERS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN CHINA
6.1 Sales Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 AUTOMOTIVE IN-VEHICLE AIR PURIFIERS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Honeywell (US)
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.1.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Honeywell (US)
7.2 Eureka Forbes (India)
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.2.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Eureka Forbes (India)
7.3 Purafil, Inc (US)
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.3.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Purafil, Inc (US)
7.4 Kent RO Systems (India)
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.4.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Kent RO Systems (India)
7.5 Panasonic (Japan)
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.5.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Panasonic (Japan)
7.6 Mann+Hummel Filter Technology (Germany)
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.6.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Mann+Hummel Filter Technology (Germany)
7.7 Diamond Air Purifiers (China)
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.7.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Diamond Air Purifiers (China)
7.8 Koninklijke Philips (Netherlands)
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.8.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Koninklijke Philips (Netherlands)
7.9 Sharp Electronics (Japan)
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.9.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sharp Electronics (Japan)
7.10 Livpure Private Limited (India)
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.10.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Livpure Private Limited (India)
7.11 ADA Electrotech (Xiamen) Co., Ltd (China)
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.11.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ADA Electrotech (Xiamen) Co., Ltd (China)
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE IN-VEHICLE AIR PURIFIERS
8.1 Industry Chain of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE IN-VEHICLE AIR PURIFIERS
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE IN-VEHICLE AIR PURIFIERS
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
1.2.1 Air Ionizer
1.2.2 Air Purifier
1.2.3 Hybrid
1.3 Downstream Application of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
1.3.1 Passenger Vehicles
1.3.2 Commercial Vehicles
1.4 Development History of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers 2013-2023
1.5.1 China Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in North China 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in Northeast China 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in East China 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in Central & South China 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in Southwest China 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in Northwest China 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole China Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Types
3.2 China Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in North China
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Northeast China
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in East China
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Central & South China
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Southwest China
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Northwest China
3.3 Market Forecast of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Types
CHAPTER 4 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Downstream Industry in North China
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Downstream Industry in Northeast China
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Downstream Industry in East China
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Downstream Industry in Central & South China
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Downstream Industry in Southwest China
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Downstream Industry in Northwest China
4.3 Market Forecast of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE IN-VEHICLE AIR PURIFIERS
5.1 China Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 AUTOMOTIVE IN-VEHICLE AIR PURIFIERS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN CHINA
6.1 Sales Volume of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers in China by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 AUTOMOTIVE IN-VEHICLE AIR PURIFIERS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Honeywell (US)
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.1.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Honeywell (US)
7.2 Eureka Forbes (India)
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.2.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Eureka Forbes (India)
7.3 Purafil, Inc (US)
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.3.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Purafil, Inc (US)
7.4 Kent RO Systems (India)
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.4.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Kent RO Systems (India)
7.5 Panasonic (Japan)
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.5.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Panasonic (Japan)
7.6 Mann+Hummel Filter Technology (Germany)
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.6.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Mann+Hummel Filter Technology (Germany)
7.7 Diamond Air Purifiers (China)
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.7.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Diamond Air Purifiers (China)
7.8 Koninklijke Philips (Netherlands)
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.8.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Koninklijke Philips (Netherlands)
7.9 Sharp Electronics (Japan)
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.9.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sharp Electronics (Japan)
7.10 Livpure Private Limited (India)
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.10.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Livpure Private Limited (India)
7.11 ADA Electrotech (Xiamen) Co., Ltd (China)
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Product
7.11.3 Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ADA Electrotech (Xiamen) Co., Ltd (China)
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE IN-VEHICLE AIR PURIFIERS
8.1 Industry Chain of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE IN-VEHICLE AIR PURIFIERS
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Automotive In-Vehicle Air Purifiers
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE IN-VEHICLE AIR PURIFIERS
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
