High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients-South America Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients-South America Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole South America and Regional Market Size of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America, with company and product introduction, position in the High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients market
Market status and development trend of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by types and applications
Cost and profit status of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the South America High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients market as:
South America High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
Brazil
Argentina
Venezuela
Colombia
Others
South America High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Synthetic Ingredients
Biological Ingredients
Others
South America High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Oncology
Glaucoma
Anti-diabetic
Cardiovascular
Musculoskeletal
Hormonal
Others
South America High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Novartis
Sanofi Aventis
Pfizer
Lonza
Novasep
Hospira
BASF
Merck
Bayer
Teva Pharmaceuticals
Boehringer Ingelheim
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients-South America Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole South America and Regional Market Size of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America, with company and product introduction, position in the High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients market
Market status and development trend of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by types and applications
Cost and profit status of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the South America High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients market as:
South America High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
Brazil
Argentina
Venezuela
Colombia
Others
South America High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Synthetic Ingredients
Biological Ingredients
Others
South America High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Oncology
Glaucoma
Anti-diabetic
Cardiovascular
Musculoskeletal
Hormonal
Others
South America High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Novartis
Sanofi Aventis
Pfizer
Lonza
Novasep
Hospira
BASF
Merck
Bayer
Teva Pharmaceuticals
Boehringer Ingelheim
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS
1.1 Definition of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
1.2.1 Synthetic Ingredients
1.2.2 Biological Ingredients
1.2.3 Others
1.3 Downstream Application of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
1.3.1 Oncology
1.3.2 Glaucoma
1.3.3 Anti-diabetic
1.3.4 Cardiovascular
1.3.5 Musculoskeletal
1.3.6 Hormonal
1.3.7 Others
1.4 Development History of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
1.5 Market Status and Trend of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients 2013-2023
1.5.1 South America High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 SOUTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Brazil 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Argentina 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Venezuela 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Colombia 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Others 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 SOUTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole South America Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Types
3.2 South America Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in Brazil
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Argentina
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in Venezuela
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Colombia
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Others
3.3 Market Forecast of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Types
CHAPTER 4 SOUTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Downstream Industry in Brazil
4.2.2 Demand Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Downstream Industry in Argentina
4.2.3 Demand Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Downstream Industry in Venezuela
4.2.4 Demand Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Downstream Industry in Colombia
4.2.5 Demand Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Downstream Industry in Others
4.3 Market Forecast of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS
5.1 South America Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN SOUTH AMERICA
6.1 Sales Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Bristol-Myers Squibb
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.1.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bristol-Myers Squibb
7.2 Novartis
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.2.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Novartis
7.3 Sanofi Aventis
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.3.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sanofi Aventis
7.4 Pfizer
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.4.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Pfizer
7.5 Lonza
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.5.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Lonza
7.6 Novasep
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.6.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Novasep
7.7 Hospira
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.7.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Hospira
7.8 BASF
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.8.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BASF
7.9 Merck
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.9.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Merck
7.10 Bayer
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.10.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bayer
7.11 Teva Pharmaceuticals
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.11.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Teva Pharmaceuticals
7.12 Boehringer Ingelheim
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.12.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Boehringer Ingelheim
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS
8.1 Industry Chain of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
1.2.1 Synthetic Ingredients
1.2.2 Biological Ingredients
1.2.3 Others
1.3 Downstream Application of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
1.3.1 Oncology
1.3.2 Glaucoma
1.3.3 Anti-diabetic
1.3.4 Cardiovascular
1.3.5 Musculoskeletal
1.3.6 Hormonal
1.3.7 Others
1.4 Development History of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
1.5 Market Status and Trend of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients 2013-2023
1.5.1 South America High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 SOUTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Brazil 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Argentina 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Venezuela 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Colombia 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Others 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 SOUTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole South America Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Types
3.2 South America Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in Brazil
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Argentina
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in Venezuela
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Colombia
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Others
3.3 Market Forecast of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Types
CHAPTER 4 SOUTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Downstream Industry in Brazil
4.2.2 Demand Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Downstream Industry in Argentina
4.2.3 Demand Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Downstream Industry in Venezuela
4.2.4 Demand Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Downstream Industry in Colombia
4.2.5 Demand Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Downstream Industry in Others
4.3 Market Forecast of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS
5.1 South America Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN SOUTH AMERICA
6.1 Sales Volume of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in South America by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Bristol-Myers Squibb
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.1.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bristol-Myers Squibb
7.2 Novartis
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.2.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Novartis
7.3 Sanofi Aventis
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.3.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sanofi Aventis
7.4 Pfizer
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.4.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Pfizer
7.5 Lonza
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.5.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Lonza
7.6 Novasep
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.6.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Novasep
7.7 Hospira
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.7.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Hospira
7.8 BASF
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.8.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BASF
7.9 Merck
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.9.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Merck
7.10 Bayer
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.10.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bayer
7.11 Teva Pharmaceuticals
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.11.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Teva Pharmaceuticals
7.12 Boehringer Ingelheim
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Product
7.12.3 High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Boehringer Ingelheim
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS
8.1 Industry Chain of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of High Performance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
