Global Wound Care Biologics Market Research Report 2021-2025
A whole picture of the competitive scenario of the Wound Care Biologics market is illustrated by this report. In the context of China-US trade war and COVID-19 epidemic, it will have a big influence on this market. Wound Care Biologics Report by Material, Application, and Geography – Global Forecast to 2025 is a professional and comprehensive research report on the world’s major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China).
In this report, the global Wound Care Biologics market is valued at USD XX million in 2021 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2021 to 2025.
The report firstly introduced the Wound Care Biologics basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
Health Care AB
Integra Life Sciences
MiMedx Group
Osiris Therapeutics
Derma Sciences
Smith & Nephew
Amnio Technology
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
General Type
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Wound Care Biologics for each application, including-
Hospitals
In this report, the global Wound Care Biologics market is valued at USD XX million in 2021 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2021 to 2025.
The report firstly introduced the Wound Care Biologics basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
Health Care AB
Integra Life Sciences
MiMedx Group
Osiris Therapeutics
Derma Sciences
Smith & Nephew
Amnio Technology
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
General Type
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Wound Care Biologics for each application, including-
Hospitals
PART I WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
CHAPTER ONE WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Wound Care Biologics Definition
1.2 Wound Care Biologics Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Wound Care Biologics Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Wound Care Biologics Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Wound Care Biologics Application Analysis
1.3.1 Wound Care Biologics Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Wound Care Biologics Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Wound Care Biologics Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Wound Care Biologics Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Wound Care Biologics Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Wound Care Biologics Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Wound Care Biologics Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Wound Care Biologics Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Wound Care Biologics Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Wound Care Biologics Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Wound Care Biologics Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Wound Care Biologics Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Wound Care Biologics Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Wound Care Biologics Product Development History
3.2 Asia Wound Care Biologics Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Wound Care Biologics Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2016-2021 ASIA WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
4.2 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
4.4 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
4.6 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
6.2 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
6.4 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
6.6 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Wound Care Biologics Product Development History
7.2 North American Wound Care Biologics Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Wound Care Biologics Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2016-2021 NORTH AMERICAN WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
8.2 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
8.4 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
8.6 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
10.2 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
10.4 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
10.6 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Wound Care Biologics Product Development History
11.2 Europe Wound Care Biologics Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Wound Care Biologics Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2016-2021 EUROPE WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
12.2 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
12.4 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
12.6 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
14.2 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
14.4 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
14.6 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Wound Care Biologics Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Wound Care Biologics Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Wound Care Biologics Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Wound Care Biologics Market Analysis
17.2 Wound Care Biologics Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Wound Care Biologics New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2016-2021 GLOBAL WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
18.2 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
18.4 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
18.6 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
19.2 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
19.4 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
19.6 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER ONE WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Wound Care Biologics Definition
1.2 Wound Care Biologics Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Wound Care Biologics Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Wound Care Biologics Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Wound Care Biologics Application Analysis
1.3.1 Wound Care Biologics Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Wound Care Biologics Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Wound Care Biologics Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Wound Care Biologics Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Wound Care Biologics Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Wound Care Biologics Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Wound Care Biologics Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Wound Care Biologics Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Wound Care Biologics Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Wound Care Biologics Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Wound Care Biologics Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Wound Care Biologics Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Wound Care Biologics Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Wound Care Biologics Product Development History
3.2 Asia Wound Care Biologics Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Wound Care Biologics Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2016-2021 ASIA WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
4.2 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
4.4 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
4.6 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
6.2 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
6.4 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
6.6 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Wound Care Biologics Product Development History
7.2 North American Wound Care Biologics Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Wound Care Biologics Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2016-2021 NORTH AMERICAN WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
8.2 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
8.4 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
8.6 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
10.2 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
10.4 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
10.6 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Wound Care Biologics Product Development History
11.2 Europe Wound Care Biologics Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Wound Care Biologics Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2016-2021 EUROPE WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
12.2 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
12.4 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
12.6 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
14.2 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
14.4 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
14.6 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Wound Care Biologics Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Wound Care Biologics Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Wound Care Biologics Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Wound Care Biologics Market Analysis
17.2 Wound Care Biologics Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Wound Care Biologics New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2016-2021 GLOBAL WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
18.2 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
18.4 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
18.6 2016-2021 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Overview
19.2 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Demand Overview
19.4 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Import Export Consumption
19.6 2021-2025 Wound Care Biologics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL WOUND CARE BIOLOGICS INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
