Global Spine Implant Devices Market Research Report 2020-2024
In the context of China-US trade war and COVID-19 epidemic, it will have a big influence on this market. Spine Implant Devices Report by Material, Application, and Geography – Global Forecast to 2023 is a professional and comprehensive research report on the world’s major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China).
In this report, the global Spine Implant Devices market is valued at USD XX million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2024, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2020 to 2024.
The report firstly introduced the Spine Implant Devices basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
Stryker
Ulrich Medicals
Zimmer Biomet Corporation
Globus medical
Aesculap Implant Systems
Orthofix International
Titan Spine
Medtronic
DePuy Synthes
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
General Type
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Spine Implant Devices for each application, including-
Hospital
Clinic
In this report, the global Spine Implant Devices market is valued at USD XX million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2024, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2020 to 2024.
The report firstly introduced the Spine Implant Devices basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
Stryker
Ulrich Medicals
Zimmer Biomet Corporation
Globus medical
Aesculap Implant Systems
Orthofix International
Titan Spine
Medtronic
DePuy Synthes
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
General Type
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Spine Implant Devices for each application, including-
Hospital
Clinic
PART I SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
CHAPTER ONE SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Spine Implant Devices Definition
1.2 Spine Implant Devices Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Spine Implant Devices Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Spine Implant Devices Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Spine Implant Devices Application Analysis
1.3.1 Spine Implant Devices Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Spine Implant Devices Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Spine Implant Devices Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Spine Implant Devices Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Spine Implant Devices Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Spine Implant Devices Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Spine Implant Devices Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Spine Implant Devices Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Spine Implant Devices Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Spine Implant Devices Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Spine Implant Devices Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Spine Implant Devices Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Spine Implant Devices Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Spine Implant Devices Product Development History
3.2 Asia Spine Implant Devices Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Spine Implant Devices Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2015-2020 ASIA SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
4.2 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
4.4 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
4.6 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
6.2 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
6.4 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
6.6 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Spine Implant Devices Product Development History
7.2 North American Spine Implant Devices Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Spine Implant Devices Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2015-2020 NORTH AMERICAN SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
8.2 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
8.4 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
8.6 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
10.2 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
10.4 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
10.6 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Spine Implant Devices Product Development History
11.2 Europe Spine Implant Devices Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Spine Implant Devices Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2015-2020 EUROPE SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
12.2 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
12.4 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
12.6 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
14.2 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
14.4 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
14.6 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Spine Implant Devices Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Spine Implant Devices Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Spine Implant Devices Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Spine Implant Devices Market Analysis
17.2 Spine Implant Devices Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Spine Implant Devices New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2015-2020 GLOBAL SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
18.2 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
18.4 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
18.6 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
19.2 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
19.4 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
19.6 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER ONE SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Spine Implant Devices Definition
1.2 Spine Implant Devices Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Spine Implant Devices Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Spine Implant Devices Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Spine Implant Devices Application Analysis
1.3.1 Spine Implant Devices Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Spine Implant Devices Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Spine Implant Devices Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Spine Implant Devices Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Spine Implant Devices Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Spine Implant Devices Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Spine Implant Devices Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Spine Implant Devices Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Spine Implant Devices Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Spine Implant Devices Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Spine Implant Devices Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Spine Implant Devices Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Spine Implant Devices Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Spine Implant Devices Product Development History
3.2 Asia Spine Implant Devices Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Spine Implant Devices Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2015-2020 ASIA SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
4.2 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
4.4 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
4.6 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
6.2 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
6.4 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
6.6 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Spine Implant Devices Product Development History
7.2 North American Spine Implant Devices Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Spine Implant Devices Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2015-2020 NORTH AMERICAN SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
8.2 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
8.4 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
8.6 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
10.2 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
10.4 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
10.6 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Spine Implant Devices Product Development History
11.2 Europe Spine Implant Devices Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Spine Implant Devices Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2015-2020 EUROPE SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
12.2 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
12.4 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
12.6 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
14.2 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
14.4 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
14.6 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Spine Implant Devices Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Spine Implant Devices Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Spine Implant Devices Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Spine Implant Devices Market Analysis
17.2 Spine Implant Devices Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Spine Implant Devices New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2015-2020 GLOBAL SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
18.2 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
18.4 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
18.6 2015-2020 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Overview
19.2 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Demand Overview
19.4 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Import Export Consumption
19.6 2020-2024 Spine Implant Devices Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL SPINE IMPLANT DEVICES INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
