Global Modular Kitchen Market Research Report 2020-2024
A modular kitchen is composed of different modules of cabinets which can easily be integrated or disintegrated, thus increasing portability and effective use of available space. In the context of China-US trade war and COVID-19 epidemic, it will have a big influence on this market. Modular Kitchen Report by Material, Application, and Geography – Global Forecast to 2023 is a professional and comprehensive research report on the world’s major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China).
In this report, the global Modular Kitchen market is valued at USD XX million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2024, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2020 to 2024.
The report firstly introduced the Modular Kitchen basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
Sleek International
Godrej and Boyce Mfg
Oren Kitchen Appliances
Zuari Furniture
Spacewood
IFB Industries Ltd
Hindware Home Retail
Design Indian Kitchen
Europlak SV Cucine India
Timbor Home
Kitchen Grace
Cute Kitchen
V3 ENGINEERS
ModSpace
Lispo Kitchens
Kohinoor Furnture House
Akruti
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
Artificial Stone Modular Kitchen
Natural Stone Modular Kitchen
Fire Resistance Board Modular Kitchen
Stainless Steel Modular Kitchen
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Modular Kitchen for each application, including-
Upper Middle Classes
Socio-economic Classes
In this report, the global Modular Kitchen market is valued at USD XX million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2024, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2020 to 2024.
The report firstly introduced the Modular Kitchen basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
Sleek International
Godrej and Boyce Mfg
Oren Kitchen Appliances
Zuari Furniture
Spacewood
IFB Industries Ltd
Hindware Home Retail
Design Indian Kitchen
Europlak SV Cucine India
Timbor Home
Kitchen Grace
Cute Kitchen
V3 ENGINEERS
ModSpace
Lispo Kitchens
Kohinoor Furnture House
Akruti
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
Artificial Stone Modular Kitchen
Natural Stone Modular Kitchen
Fire Resistance Board Modular Kitchen
Stainless Steel Modular Kitchen
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Modular Kitchen for each application, including-
Upper Middle Classes
Socio-economic Classes
PART I MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
CHAPTER ONE MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Modular Kitchen Definition
1.2 Modular Kitchen Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Modular Kitchen Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Modular Kitchen Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Modular Kitchen Application Analysis
1.3.1 Modular Kitchen Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Modular Kitchen Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Modular Kitchen Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Modular Kitchen Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Modular Kitchen Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Modular Kitchen Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Modular Kitchen Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Modular Kitchen Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Modular Kitchen Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Modular Kitchen Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Modular Kitchen Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Modular Kitchen Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO MODULAR KITCHEN UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Modular Kitchen Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA MODULAR KITCHEN MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Modular Kitchen Product Development History
3.2 Asia Modular Kitchen Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Modular Kitchen Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2015-2020 ASIA MODULAR KITCHEN PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
4.2 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
4.4 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
4.6 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA MODULAR KITCHEN KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
6.2 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
6.4 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
6.6 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN MODULAR KITCHEN MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Modular Kitchen Product Development History
7.2 North American Modular Kitchen Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Modular Kitchen Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2015-2020 NORTH AMERICAN MODULAR KITCHEN PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
8.2 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
8.4 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
8.6 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN MODULAR KITCHEN KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
10.2 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
10.4 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
10.6 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE MODULAR KITCHEN MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Modular Kitchen Product Development History
11.2 Europe Modular Kitchen Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Modular Kitchen Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2015-2020 EUROPE MODULAR KITCHEN PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
12.2 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
12.4 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
12.6 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE MODULAR KITCHEN KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
14.2 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
14.4 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
14.6 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V MODULAR KITCHEN MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN MODULAR KITCHEN MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Modular Kitchen Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Modular Kitchen Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Modular Kitchen Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN MODULAR KITCHEN NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Modular Kitchen Market Analysis
17.2 Modular Kitchen Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Modular Kitchen New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2015-2020 GLOBAL MODULAR KITCHEN PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
18.2 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
18.4 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
18.6 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
19.2 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
19.4 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
19.6 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER ONE MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Modular Kitchen Definition
1.2 Modular Kitchen Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Modular Kitchen Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Modular Kitchen Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Modular Kitchen Application Analysis
1.3.1 Modular Kitchen Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Modular Kitchen Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Modular Kitchen Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Modular Kitchen Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Modular Kitchen Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Modular Kitchen Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Modular Kitchen Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Modular Kitchen Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Modular Kitchen Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Modular Kitchen Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Modular Kitchen Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Modular Kitchen Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO MODULAR KITCHEN UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Modular Kitchen Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA MODULAR KITCHEN MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Modular Kitchen Product Development History
3.2 Asia Modular Kitchen Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Modular Kitchen Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2015-2020 ASIA MODULAR KITCHEN PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
4.2 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
4.4 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
4.6 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA MODULAR KITCHEN KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
6.2 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
6.4 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
6.6 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN MODULAR KITCHEN MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Modular Kitchen Product Development History
7.2 North American Modular Kitchen Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Modular Kitchen Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2015-2020 NORTH AMERICAN MODULAR KITCHEN PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
8.2 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
8.4 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
8.6 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN MODULAR KITCHEN KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
10.2 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
10.4 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
10.6 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE MODULAR KITCHEN MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Modular Kitchen Product Development History
11.2 Europe Modular Kitchen Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Modular Kitchen Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2015-2020 EUROPE MODULAR KITCHEN PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
12.2 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
12.4 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
12.6 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE MODULAR KITCHEN KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
14.2 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
14.4 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
14.6 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V MODULAR KITCHEN MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN MODULAR KITCHEN MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Modular Kitchen Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Modular Kitchen Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Modular Kitchen Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN MODULAR KITCHEN NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Modular Kitchen Market Analysis
17.2 Modular Kitchen Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Modular Kitchen New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2015-2020 GLOBAL MODULAR KITCHEN PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
18.2 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
18.4 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
18.6 2015-2020 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Overview
19.2 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Demand Overview
19.4 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Import Export Consumption
19.6 2020-2024 Modular Kitchen Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL MODULAR KITCHEN INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
