The Global Market for Wearable, Printed, Flexible, Foldable and Stretchable Electronics to 2027
The rapid boom in smart wearable and integrated electronic devices has stimulated demand for advanced intelligent systems with high performance, micro size, mechanical flexibility, and high-temperature stability for application as flexible and stretchable displays, personal health monitoring, human motion capturing, smart textiles, electronic skins and more.
Wearable technology, wearables, or wearable devices is incorporation electronics into clothing or accessories that can be worn on a user’s body. The purpose of wearable technologies is to provide entertainment, healthcare, and education in people’s daily lives. Wearable electronics encompasses the incorporation of technological components in clothing accessories or objects we carry. The development of next-generation, wearable flexible electronics relies on novel materials that are:
The electronics industry is moving at a fast pace from standard, inflexible form factors to stretchable and conformable devices. Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics products are increasing weekly from wearables for healthcare to smart packaging, sensors, automotive tail lights and displays, flexible displays, photovoltaics and more.
Based on a new generation of advanced materials, printed, flexible and stretchable sensors and electronics will enable new possibilities in a diverse range of industries from healthcare to automotive to buildings. These technologies will drive innovation in smart medical technology, automotive, smart manufacturing, Internet of Things (IoT) and consumer electronics.
In the flexible displays market, electronics giants such as Samsung and LG Electronics are rolling our flexible, foldable and rollable smartphone and tablet products. LGs rollable LG Signature’s OLED TV R will be available in 2020 and foldable smartphones have already come to market.
Wearable and mobile health monitoring technologies have recently received enormous interest worldwide due to the rapidly aging global populations and the drastically increasing demand for in-home healthcare. Commercially available and near commercial wearable devices facilitate the transmission of biomedical informatics and personal health recording. Body worn sensors, which can provide real-time continuous measurement of pertinent physiological parameters noninvasively and comfortably for extended periods of time, are of crucial importance for emerging applications of mobile medicine. Wearable sensors that can wirelessly provide pertinent health information while remaining unobtrusive, comfortable, low cost, and easy to operate and interpret, play an essential role.
Battery and electronics producers require thin, flexible energy storage and conversion devices to power their wearable technology. The growth in flexible electronics has resulted in increased demand for flexible, stretchable, bendable, rollable and foldable batteries and supercapacitors as power sources for application in flexible and wearable devices.
Many major companies have integrated conductive and electronic ink and materials in applications ranging from photovoltaics to smart packaging. There are over 100 companies with products in this space for RFID, smart clothing, sensors, antennas and transistors. As well as advancing product security and consumer interaction, the use of smart inks and coatings in active and intelligent packaging can help reduce food waste and improve medical compliance-which would have significant environmental benefits.
Report contents include:
Wearable technology, wearables, or wearable devices is incorporation electronics into clothing or accessories that can be worn on a user’s body. The purpose of wearable technologies is to provide entertainment, healthcare, and education in people’s daily lives. Wearable electronics encompasses the incorporation of technological components in clothing accessories or objects we carry. The development of next-generation, wearable flexible electronics relies on novel materials that are:
- Mechanically flexible.
- Low-cost.
- Electrically conductive.
- Optically transparent.
- Medical and healthcare monitoring and diagnostics.
- Sportswear and fitness monitoring (bands).
- Consumer electronics such as smart watches, smart glasses and headsets.
- Military GPS trackers, equipment (helmets) and wearable robots.
- Smart apparel and footwear in fashion and sport.
- Workplace safety and manufacturing.
The electronics industry is moving at a fast pace from standard, inflexible form factors to stretchable and conformable devices. Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics products are increasing weekly from wearables for healthcare to smart packaging, sensors, automotive tail lights and displays, flexible displays, photovoltaics and more.
Based on a new generation of advanced materials, printed, flexible and stretchable sensors and electronics will enable new possibilities in a diverse range of industries from healthcare to automotive to buildings. These technologies will drive innovation in smart medical technology, automotive, smart manufacturing, Internet of Things (IoT) and consumer electronics.
In the flexible displays market, electronics giants such as Samsung and LG Electronics are rolling our flexible, foldable and rollable smartphone and tablet products. LGs rollable LG Signature’s OLED TV R will be available in 2020 and foldable smartphones have already come to market.
Wearable and mobile health monitoring technologies have recently received enormous interest worldwide due to the rapidly aging global populations and the drastically increasing demand for in-home healthcare. Commercially available and near commercial wearable devices facilitate the transmission of biomedical informatics and personal health recording. Body worn sensors, which can provide real-time continuous measurement of pertinent physiological parameters noninvasively and comfortably for extended periods of time, are of crucial importance for emerging applications of mobile medicine. Wearable sensors that can wirelessly provide pertinent health information while remaining unobtrusive, comfortable, low cost, and easy to operate and interpret, play an essential role.
Battery and electronics producers require thin, flexible energy storage and conversion devices to power their wearable technology. The growth in flexible electronics has resulted in increased demand for flexible, stretchable, bendable, rollable and foldable batteries and supercapacitors as power sources for application in flexible and wearable devices.
Many major companies have integrated conductive and electronic ink and materials in applications ranging from photovoltaics to smart packaging. There are over 100 companies with products in this space for RFID, smart clothing, sensors, antennas and transistors. As well as advancing product security and consumer interaction, the use of smart inks and coatings in active and intelligent packaging can help reduce food waste and improve medical compliance-which would have significant environmental benefits.
Report contents include:
- Current applications, state of the art, market and products (including producers, functionalities, prices) in wearable electronics, medical and healthcare monitoring, electronics and smart textiles, energy for wearables, flexible, foldable and stretchable displays and conductive inks.
- Advanced materials used in werarables, displays, printed, flexible, foldable and stretchable electronics and sensors.
- Stage of commercialization for applications, from basic research to market entry. Markets covered include conductive inks, wearables and IoT, medical & healthcare sensors, electronic clothing & smart apparel, energy harvesting & storage, electronics components and flexible displays.
- Market figures for printable, flexible and stretchable electronics, by markets, materials and applications to 2027. Market impact of COVID-19 assessed.
- Profiles of over 500 producers and product developers.
- 76 companies profiled in wearables including BeBop Sensors, dorsaVi Ltd., Epicore Biosystems, Equivital Inc., FeelIT, Hitachi, Ltd., Holst Centre, Magic Leap, miomove s.r.o and more. All smart watch and fitness tracker products profiled including functionalties and prices.
- 130 companies profiled in medical and healthcare wearables including 1drop Inc., Abbott, AerBetic, Inc., Alertgy, Aura Devices, Biobeat, BioIntelliSense, Cardiomo, CareWear, cosinuss, Dexcom, Embr Labs, Eccrine Systems, Gentag, i-Sens, WBD101 and more.
- 60 companies profiled in electronic textiles (E-textiles) including Ambiotex, BloomerTech, Chronolife, clim8, Emglare, Formosa Taffeta, Healthwatch Technologies, Hexoskin, Inuheat, Litex, Myant, SankiConsys Co., Ltd. and more.
- 44 companies profiled in energy storage and harvesting including Bionic Power, BrightVolt, Canatu Oy, ChivoTech, Enfucell Oy, Jenax, LG Chem and more.
- 67 companies profiled in printed, flexible and stretchable displays including C3Nano, Cambrios, iBeam, CurveSYS GmbH, Etulipa, Futaba, Kyulux, Samsung and more.
- 122 companies profiled in conductive ink including Ash Chemical, Cemedine, DuPont, EMS/Nagase, Henkel, Jujo Chemical, Panasonic, Taiyo, Toyobo, VFP Ink Technologies, and more.
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 The evolution of electronics
1.1.1 The wearables revolution
1.1.2 Wearable market leaders
1.1.3 Flexible, stretchable, thin, and large-area form factors
1.2 What are flexible and stretchable electronics?
1.2.1 From rigid to flexible and stretchable
1.2.2 Organic and printed electronics
1.2.3 New conductive materials
1.2.4 Stretchable conductors
1.2.5 Foldable smartphones and tablets
1.3 Growth in flexible and stretchable electronics market
1.3.1 Recent growth in Printed, flexible and stretchable products
1.3.2 Future growth
1.3.3 Nanotechnology as a market driver
1.3.4 Growth in remote health monitoring and diagnostics
1.3.5 Wearables used in monitoring COVID-19
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3 WEARABLE ELECTRONICS
3.1 MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS
3.2 APPLICATIONS
3.2.1 Smartwatches
3.2.1.1 Main smart watch producers and products
3.2.2 Sports and fitness trackers
3.2.2.1 Products
3.2.3 Sleep trackers and wearable monitors
3.2.3.1 Products
3.2.4 Smart glasses and head-mounted displays (VR, AR, MR, vision loss and eye trackers)
3.2.4.1 Products
3.2.5 Military
3.2.6 Industrial and workplace monitoring
3.2.7 Flexible and stretchable electronics in wearables
3.2.8 Stretchable artificial skin
3.3 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE
3.4 MARKET CHALLENGES
3.5 COMPANY PROFILES
4 MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE SENSORS AND WEARABLES
4.1 MARKET DRIVERS
4.2 CURRENT STATE OF THE ART
4.2.1 Products
4.2.2 Monitoring solutions to track COVID-19 symptoms
4.3 APPLICATIONS
4.3.1 Electronic skin patches
4.3.2 Nanomaterials-based devices
4.3.3 Wearable health alert and monitoring devices
4.3.4 Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
4.3.4.1 Minimally-invasive CGM sensors
4.3.4.2 Non-invasive CGM sensors
4.3.4.3 Companies and products
4.3.5 Cardiovascular
4.3.5.1 ECG sensors
4.3.5.2 PPG sensors
4.3.6 Pregnancy and newborn monitoring
4.3.7 Wearable temperature monitoring
4.3.8 Hydration sensors
4.3.9 Wearable sweat sensors (medical and sports)
4.3.9.1 Products
4.3.10 Wearable health monitoring devices companies and products
4.3.11 Contact Lens
4.3.12 Cosmetics and drug delivery patches
4.3.12.1 Cosmetic skin patches
4.3.12.2 Drug delivery skin patches
4.4 Smart footwear
4.5 Smart wound care
4.5.1 Skin patches
4.6 Wearable exoskeletons
4.7 Medical hearables
4.8 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE
4.9 MARKET CHALLENGES
4.10 COMPANY PROFILES
5 ELECTRONIC TEXTILES (E-TEXTILES) AND SMART TEXTILES
5.1 MARKET DRIVERS
5.2 CURRENT STATE OF THE ART
5.2.1 Products
5.2.2 E-textile innovation and COVID-19
5.2.3 Conductive and stretchable yarns
5.2.4 Heated textiles
5.2.5 Conductive polymers
5.2.6 Conductive inks
5.2.7 Conductive coatings
5.2.8 Nanomaterials
5.2.8.1 Graphene
5.2.8.2 Nanofibers
5.2.9 APPLICATIONS AND MARKETS
5.2.9.1 Stretchable E-fabrics
5.2.9.2 Biometric monitoring
5.2.9.3 Workwear
5.2.9.4 Smart helmets
5.2.9.5 Solar energy harvesting textiles
5.2.9.6 Sport & fitness
5.2.9.7 Military/Defence
5.2.9.8 Medical
5.2.9.9 Automotive
5.3 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE
5.4 MARKET CHALLENGES
5.5 COMPANY PROFILES
6 PRINTED, FLEXIBLE AND STRETCHABLE ENERGY STORAGE AND HARVESTING
6.1 MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS
6.2 CURRENT STATE OF THE ART
6.2.1 Products
6.3 APPLICATIONS
6.3.1 Flexible and stretchable batteries in electronics
6.3.1.1 Flexible and stretchable LIBs
6.3.1.1.1 Fiber-shaped Lithium-Ion batteries
6.3.1.1.2 Stretchable lithium-ion battery
6.3.1.1.3 Kirigami lithium-ion battery
6.3.1.2 Stretchable Zn-based batteries
6.3.2 Flexible and stretchable supercapacitors
6.3.3 Flexible and wearable display advertising
6.3.4 Stretchable heaters
6.3.5 Flexible and stretchable solar cells
6.3.6 Smart packaging
6.3.7 Stretchable nanogenerators
6.3.8 Stretchable piezoelectric energy harvesting
6.3.9 Stretchable triboelectric energy harvesting
6.4 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE
6.5 MARKET CHALLENGES
6.6 COMPANY PROFILES
7 PRINTED, FLEXIBLE AND STRETCHABLE DISPLAYS AND CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
7.1 MARKET DRIVERS
7.2 CURRENT STATE OF THE ART
7.3 APPLICATIONS
7.3.1 Printed, flexible and stretchable circuit boards and interconnects
7.3.2 Printed, flexible and stretchable transistors
7.3.3 Printed and flexible displays
7.3.3.1 Flexible LCDs
7.3.3.2 Flexible OLEDs (FOLED)
7.3.3.3 Flexible AMOLED
7.3.3.4 Foldable and rollable smartphones
7.3.3.5 Rollable TVs
7.3.3.6 Transparent displays
7.3.3.7 Printed OLED displays
7.3.3.8 Printed QD-LED Materials and Devices
7.3.3.9 OLED packaging
7.3.3.10 Flexible electrophoretic displays
7.3.3.11 Stretchable backplanes and displays
7.3.3.12 Electrowetting displays
7.3.3.13 Electrochromic Displays
7.3.3.14 Thermochromic Displays
7.3.3.15 Curved automotive displays
7.3.4 Flexible OLED lighting
7.3.5 Quantum dot lighting
7.3.6 Stretchable lighting
7.4 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE
7.5 MARKET CHALLENGES
7.6 COMPANY PROFILES
8 CONDUCTIVE INKS
8.1 MARKET DRIVERS
8.2 CONDUCTIVE INK TYPES
8.2.1 Conductive ink materials
8.2.2 Commercially available conductive ink products
8.2.3 Improvements in conductive ink performance
8.3 PRINTING METHODS
8.9 CURRENT STATE OF THE ART
8.9.1 Current products
8.10 APPLICATIONS
8.10.1 Comparative properties
8.10.2 Nanomaterials in conductive inks
8.10.2.1. Graphene conductive inks
8.10.3 Photovoltaics
8.10.4 RFID
8.10.4.1 Printed RFID antennaes
8.10.5 Automotive
8.10.5.1 De-foggers
8.10.5.2 On-glass heaters
8.10.5.3 Seat heaters
8.10.5.4 EV battery heaters
8.10.6 Skin patches
8.10.6.1 Medical
8.10.7 Smart labels
8.10.8 Smart clothing and electronic textiles
8.10.8.1 Stretchable inks
8.10.9 Printed sensors
8.10.9.1 Strain sensors
8.10.9.2 Piezoelectric sensors
8.10.10 Printed batteries
8.10.11 Printed antennas
8.10.12 Printed heaters
8.10.13 In-mold electronics
8.10.14 Printed transistors
8.10.15 3D printed electronics
8.11 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE
8.12 MARKET CHALLENGES
8.13 COMPANY PROFILES
9 PRINTED, FLEXIBLE AND STRETCHABLE ELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES
9.1 TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILMS (TCFs)
9.2 CARBON NANOTUBES
9.2.1 Properties
9.2.2 Properties utilized in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.2.2.1 Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT)
9.2.2.2 Double-walled carbon nanotubes
9.2.3 Applications in printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.3 CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS (CP)
9.3.1 Properties
9.3.1.1 PDMS
9.3.1.2 PEDOT: PSS
9.3.1.2.1 Transparency
9.3.2 Properties utilized in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.3.3 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.4 GRAPHENE
9.4.1 Properties
9.4.2 Properties utilized in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.4.3 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.4.3.1 Electrodes
9.4.3.2 Sensors
9.5 METAL MESH
9.5.1 Properties
9.5.2 Properties utilized in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.5.3 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.6 SILVER INK (Flake, nanoparticles, nanowires, ion)
9.6.1 Silver flake
9.6.2 Silver (Ag) nanoparticle ink
9.6.2.1 Conductivity
9.6.3 Silver nanowires
9.6.4 Prices
9.6.4.1 Cost for printed area
9.7 COPPER INK
9.7.1 Silver-coated copper
9.7.2 Copper (Cu) nanoparticle ink
9.7.3 Prices
9.8 NANOCELLULOSE
9.8.1 Properties
9.8.2 Properties utilized in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.8.2.1 Cellulose nanofibers CNF
9.8.2.2 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)
9.8.3 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.8.3.1 Nanopaper
9.8.3.2 Paper memory
9.8.3.3 Conductive inks
9.9 NANOFIBERS
9.9.1 Properties
9.9.2 Properties utilized in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.9.3 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.10 QUANTUM DOTS
9.10.1 Properties
9.10.2 Properties utilized in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.10.3 Displays
9.10.4 QD-LCD TVs/QLEDs
9.10.4.1 Quantum dot enhancement film (QDEF) for current QLEDs
9.10.4.2 Quantum Dot on Glass (QDOG)
9.10.4.3 Quantum dot colour filters
9.10.4.4 Quantum dots on-chip
9.10.4.5 Electroluminescent quantum dots
9.10.4.6 QD-Micro-LEDs
9.10.4.7 Flexible QD displays
9.10.4.8 Flexible QLEDs
9.10.4.9 LG Nanocell
9.11 GRAPHENE AND CARBON QUANTUM DOTS
9.11.1 Carbon quantum dots
9.11.2 Graphene quantum dots
9.11.2.1 Synthesis
9.11.2.2 Recent synthesis methods
9.12 ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS (EAPS)
9.12.1 Properties
9.12.2 Properties utilized in printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.12.3 Applications
9.13 PEROVSKITE QUANTUM DOTS (PQDs)
9.13.1 Properties
9.13.2 Comparison to conventional quantum dots
9.13.3 Synthesis methods
9.13.4 Applications
9.13.4.1 Displays
9.14 OTHER TYPES
9.14.1 Gold (Au) nanoparticle ink
9.14.2 Siloxane inks
9.14.3 Liquid metal
9.14.4 Copper nanowires
9.15 OTHER 2-D MATERIALS
9.15.1 BOROPHENE
9.15.1.1 Properties
9.15.1.2 Applications
9.15.2 BLACK PHOSPHORUS/PHOSPHORENE
9.15.2.1 Properties
9.15.2.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.3 GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE (g-C3N4)
9.15.3.1 Properties
9.15.3.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.4 GERMANENE
9.15.4.1 Properties
9.15.4.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.5 GRAPHDIYNE
9.15.5.1 Properties
9.15.5.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.6 GRAPHANE
9.15.6.1 Properties
9.15.6.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.7 HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE
9.15.7.1 Properties
9.15.7.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.8 MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE (MoS2)
9.15.8.1 Properties
9.15.8.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.9 RHENIUM DISULFIDE (ReS2) AND DISELENIDE (ReSe2)
9.15.9.1 Properties
9.15.9.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.10 SILICENE
9.15.10.1 Properties
9.15.10.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.11 STANENE/TINENE
9.15.11.1 Properties
9.15.11.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.12 TUNGSTEN DISELENIDE
9.15.12.1 Properties
9.15.12.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.13 ANTIMONENE
9.15.13.1 Properties
9.15.13.2 Applications
9.15.14 INDIUM SELENIDE
9.15.14.1 Properties
9.15.14.2 Applications
10 REFERENCES
1.1 The evolution of electronics
1.1.1 The wearables revolution
1.1.2 Wearable market leaders
1.1.3 Flexible, stretchable, thin, and large-area form factors
1.2 What are flexible and stretchable electronics?
1.2.1 From rigid to flexible and stretchable
1.2.2 Organic and printed electronics
1.2.3 New conductive materials
1.2.4 Stretchable conductors
1.2.5 Foldable smartphones and tablets
1.3 Growth in flexible and stretchable electronics market
1.3.1 Recent growth in Printed, flexible and stretchable products
1.3.2 Future growth
1.3.3 Nanotechnology as a market driver
1.3.4 Growth in remote health monitoring and diagnostics
1.3.5 Wearables used in monitoring COVID-19
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3 WEARABLE ELECTRONICS
3.1 MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS
3.2 APPLICATIONS
3.2.1 Smartwatches
3.2.1.1 Main smart watch producers and products
3.2.2 Sports and fitness trackers
3.2.2.1 Products
3.2.3 Sleep trackers and wearable monitors
3.2.3.1 Products
3.2.4 Smart glasses and head-mounted displays (VR, AR, MR, vision loss and eye trackers)
3.2.4.1 Products
3.2.5 Military
3.2.6 Industrial and workplace monitoring
3.2.7 Flexible and stretchable electronics in wearables
3.2.8 Stretchable artificial skin
3.3 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE
3.4 MARKET CHALLENGES
3.5 COMPANY PROFILES
4 MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE SENSORS AND WEARABLES
4.1 MARKET DRIVERS
4.2 CURRENT STATE OF THE ART
4.2.1 Products
4.2.2 Monitoring solutions to track COVID-19 symptoms
4.3 APPLICATIONS
4.3.1 Electronic skin patches
4.3.2 Nanomaterials-based devices
4.3.3 Wearable health alert and monitoring devices
4.3.4 Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
4.3.4.1 Minimally-invasive CGM sensors
4.3.4.2 Non-invasive CGM sensors
4.3.4.3 Companies and products
4.3.5 Cardiovascular
4.3.5.1 ECG sensors
4.3.5.2 PPG sensors
4.3.6 Pregnancy and newborn monitoring
4.3.7 Wearable temperature monitoring
4.3.8 Hydration sensors
4.3.9 Wearable sweat sensors (medical and sports)
4.3.9.1 Products
4.3.10 Wearable health monitoring devices companies and products
4.3.11 Contact Lens
4.3.12 Cosmetics and drug delivery patches
4.3.12.1 Cosmetic skin patches
4.3.12.2 Drug delivery skin patches
4.4 Smart footwear
4.5 Smart wound care
4.5.1 Skin patches
4.6 Wearable exoskeletons
4.7 Medical hearables
4.8 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE
4.9 MARKET CHALLENGES
4.10 COMPANY PROFILES
5 ELECTRONIC TEXTILES (E-TEXTILES) AND SMART TEXTILES
5.1 MARKET DRIVERS
5.2 CURRENT STATE OF THE ART
5.2.1 Products
5.2.2 E-textile innovation and COVID-19
5.2.3 Conductive and stretchable yarns
5.2.4 Heated textiles
5.2.5 Conductive polymers
5.2.6 Conductive inks
5.2.7 Conductive coatings
5.2.8 Nanomaterials
5.2.8.1 Graphene
5.2.8.2 Nanofibers
5.2.9 APPLICATIONS AND MARKETS
5.2.9.1 Stretchable E-fabrics
5.2.9.2 Biometric monitoring
5.2.9.3 Workwear
5.2.9.4 Smart helmets
5.2.9.5 Solar energy harvesting textiles
5.2.9.6 Sport & fitness
5.2.9.7 Military/Defence
5.2.9.8 Medical
5.2.9.9 Automotive
5.3 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE
5.4 MARKET CHALLENGES
5.5 COMPANY PROFILES
6 PRINTED, FLEXIBLE AND STRETCHABLE ENERGY STORAGE AND HARVESTING
6.1 MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS
6.2 CURRENT STATE OF THE ART
6.2.1 Products
6.3 APPLICATIONS
6.3.1 Flexible and stretchable batteries in electronics
6.3.1.1 Flexible and stretchable LIBs
6.3.1.1.1 Fiber-shaped Lithium-Ion batteries
6.3.1.1.2 Stretchable lithium-ion battery
6.3.1.1.3 Kirigami lithium-ion battery
6.3.1.2 Stretchable Zn-based batteries
6.3.2 Flexible and stretchable supercapacitors
6.3.3 Flexible and wearable display advertising
6.3.4 Stretchable heaters
6.3.5 Flexible and stretchable solar cells
6.3.6 Smart packaging
6.3.7 Stretchable nanogenerators
6.3.8 Stretchable piezoelectric energy harvesting
6.3.9 Stretchable triboelectric energy harvesting
6.4 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE
6.5 MARKET CHALLENGES
6.6 COMPANY PROFILES
7 PRINTED, FLEXIBLE AND STRETCHABLE DISPLAYS AND CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
7.1 MARKET DRIVERS
7.2 CURRENT STATE OF THE ART
7.3 APPLICATIONS
7.3.1 Printed, flexible and stretchable circuit boards and interconnects
7.3.2 Printed, flexible and stretchable transistors
7.3.3 Printed and flexible displays
7.3.3.1 Flexible LCDs
7.3.3.2 Flexible OLEDs (FOLED)
7.3.3.3 Flexible AMOLED
7.3.3.4 Foldable and rollable smartphones
7.3.3.5 Rollable TVs
7.3.3.6 Transparent displays
7.3.3.7 Printed OLED displays
7.3.3.8 Printed QD-LED Materials and Devices
7.3.3.9 OLED packaging
7.3.3.10 Flexible electrophoretic displays
7.3.3.11 Stretchable backplanes and displays
7.3.3.12 Electrowetting displays
7.3.3.13 Electrochromic Displays
7.3.3.14 Thermochromic Displays
7.3.3.15 Curved automotive displays
7.3.4 Flexible OLED lighting
7.3.5 Quantum dot lighting
7.3.6 Stretchable lighting
7.4 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE
7.5 MARKET CHALLENGES
7.6 COMPANY PROFILES
8 CONDUCTIVE INKS
8.1 MARKET DRIVERS
8.2 CONDUCTIVE INK TYPES
8.2.1 Conductive ink materials
8.2.2 Commercially available conductive ink products
8.2.3 Improvements in conductive ink performance
8.3 PRINTING METHODS
8.9 CURRENT STATE OF THE ART
8.9.1 Current products
8.10 APPLICATIONS
8.10.1 Comparative properties
8.10.2 Nanomaterials in conductive inks
8.10.2.1. Graphene conductive inks
8.10.3 Photovoltaics
8.10.4 RFID
8.10.4.1 Printed RFID antennaes
8.10.5 Automotive
8.10.5.1 De-foggers
8.10.5.2 On-glass heaters
8.10.5.3 Seat heaters
8.10.5.4 EV battery heaters
8.10.6 Skin patches
8.10.6.1 Medical
8.10.7 Smart labels
8.10.8 Smart clothing and electronic textiles
8.10.8.1 Stretchable inks
8.10.9 Printed sensors
8.10.9.1 Strain sensors
8.10.9.2 Piezoelectric sensors
8.10.10 Printed batteries
8.10.11 Printed antennas
8.10.12 Printed heaters
8.10.13 In-mold electronics
8.10.14 Printed transistors
8.10.15 3D printed electronics
8.11 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE
8.12 MARKET CHALLENGES
8.13 COMPANY PROFILES
9 PRINTED, FLEXIBLE AND STRETCHABLE ELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES
9.1 TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILMS (TCFs)
9.2 CARBON NANOTUBES
9.2.1 Properties
9.2.2 Properties utilized in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.2.2.1 Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT)
9.2.2.2 Double-walled carbon nanotubes
9.2.3 Applications in printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.3 CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS (CP)
9.3.1 Properties
9.3.1.1 PDMS
9.3.1.2 PEDOT: PSS
9.3.1.2.1 Transparency
9.3.2 Properties utilized in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.3.3 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.4 GRAPHENE
9.4.1 Properties
9.4.2 Properties utilized in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.4.3 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.4.3.1 Electrodes
9.4.3.2 Sensors
9.5 METAL MESH
9.5.1 Properties
9.5.2 Properties utilized in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.5.3 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.6 SILVER INK (Flake, nanoparticles, nanowires, ion)
9.6.1 Silver flake
9.6.2 Silver (Ag) nanoparticle ink
9.6.2.1 Conductivity
9.6.3 Silver nanowires
9.6.4 Prices
9.6.4.1 Cost for printed area
9.7 COPPER INK
9.7.1 Silver-coated copper
9.7.2 Copper (Cu) nanoparticle ink
9.7.3 Prices
9.8 NANOCELLULOSE
9.8.1 Properties
9.8.2 Properties utilized in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.8.2.1 Cellulose nanofibers CNF
9.8.2.2 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)
9.8.3 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.8.3.1 Nanopaper
9.8.3.2 Paper memory
9.8.3.3 Conductive inks
9.9 NANOFIBERS
9.9.1 Properties
9.9.2 Properties utilized in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.9.3 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.10 QUANTUM DOTS
9.10.1 Properties
9.10.2 Properties utilized in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.10.3 Displays
9.10.4 QD-LCD TVs/QLEDs
9.10.4.1 Quantum dot enhancement film (QDEF) for current QLEDs
9.10.4.2 Quantum Dot on Glass (QDOG)
9.10.4.3 Quantum dot colour filters
9.10.4.4 Quantum dots on-chip
9.10.4.5 Electroluminescent quantum dots
9.10.4.6 QD-Micro-LEDs
9.10.4.7 Flexible QD displays
9.10.4.8 Flexible QLEDs
9.10.4.9 LG Nanocell
9.11 GRAPHENE AND CARBON QUANTUM DOTS
9.11.1 Carbon quantum dots
9.11.2 Graphene quantum dots
9.11.2.1 Synthesis
9.11.2.2 Recent synthesis methods
9.12 ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS (EAPS)
9.12.1 Properties
9.12.2 Properties utilized in printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.12.3 Applications
9.13 PEROVSKITE QUANTUM DOTS (PQDs)
9.13.1 Properties
9.13.2 Comparison to conventional quantum dots
9.13.3 Synthesis methods
9.13.4 Applications
9.13.4.1 Displays
9.14 OTHER TYPES
9.14.1 Gold (Au) nanoparticle ink
9.14.2 Siloxane inks
9.14.3 Liquid metal
9.14.4 Copper nanowires
9.15 OTHER 2-D MATERIALS
9.15.1 BOROPHENE
9.15.1.1 Properties
9.15.1.2 Applications
9.15.2 BLACK PHOSPHORUS/PHOSPHORENE
9.15.2.1 Properties
9.15.2.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.3 GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE (g-C3N4)
9.15.3.1 Properties
9.15.3.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.4 GERMANENE
9.15.4.1 Properties
9.15.4.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.5 GRAPHDIYNE
9.15.5.1 Properties
9.15.5.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.6 GRAPHANE
9.15.6.1 Properties
9.15.6.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.7 HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE
9.15.7.1 Properties
9.15.7.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.8 MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE (MoS2)
9.15.8.1 Properties
9.15.8.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.9 RHENIUM DISULFIDE (ReS2) AND DISELENIDE (ReSe2)
9.15.9.1 Properties
9.15.9.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.10 SILICENE
9.15.10.1 Properties
9.15.10.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.11 STANENE/TINENE
9.15.11.1 Properties
9.15.11.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.12 TUNGSTEN DISELENIDE
9.15.12.1 Properties
9.15.12.2 Applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics
9.15.13 ANTIMONENE
9.15.13.1 Properties
9.15.13.2 Applications
9.15.14 INDIUM SELENIDE
9.15.14.1 Properties
9.15.14.2 Applications
10 REFERENCES
TABLES
Table 1: Evolution of wearable devices, 2011-2020.
Table 2. Wearable market leaders by market segment.
Table 3: Advanced materials for Printed, flexible and stretchable sensors and Electronics-Advantages and disadvantages.
Table 4: Sheet resistance (RS) and transparency (T) values for transparent conductive oxides and alternative materials for transparent conductive electrodes (TCE).
Table 5. Foldable display products and prototypes.
Table 6. Assessment of future growth opportunities in printed, flexible and stretchable products.
Table 7: Markets for wearable devices and applications.
Table 8: Market drivers for printed, flexible and stretchable electronics for wearables and IoT.
Table 10. Main smart watch producers and products.
Table 11. Wearable sensors for sports performance.
Table 12. Wearable sensor products for monitoring sport performance.
Table 13. Wearable sleep tracker products.
Table 14. Smart glasses companies and products.
Table 15. Wearable electronics applications in the military.
Table 9: Applications in printed, flexible and stretchable electronics, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof.
Table 16: Global market for wearable electronics, 2015-2027, by product type, billions $.
Table 17. Market challenges in wearable electronics and IoT.
Table 18: Market drivers for printed, flexible and stretchable medical and healthcare sensors and wearables.
Table 19: Examples of wearable medical device products.
Table 20: Applications in flexible and stretchable health monitors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof.
Table 21. Wearable bio-signal monitoring devices.
Table 22. Minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose monitoring products.
Table 23. Companies developing wearable exoskeletons.
Table 24. Companies and products in hearables.
Table 25. Market challenges in medical and healthcare sensors and wearables.
Table 26: Market drivers for printed, flexible, stretchable and organic electronic textiles.
Table 27: Types of smart textiles.
Table 28: Examples of smart textile products.
Table 29: Commercially available smart clothing products.
Table 30: Electronic textiles products.
Table 31: Applications in textiles, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof.
Table 32: Nanocoatings applied in the textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications.
Table 33: Applications and benefits of graphene in textiles and apparel.
Table 34. Global electronic textiles market 2015-2030, revenues (billions USD).
Table 35: Global electronic textiles market 2015-2030, revenues (billions USD).
Table 36. Market challenges in E-textiles.
Table 37: Market drivers and trends for Printed, flexible and stretchable electronic energy storage and harvesting.
Table 38: Wearable energy storage and energy harvesting products.
Table 39: Applications in flexible and stretchable batteries, by materials type and benefits thereof.
Table 40: Applications in flexible and stretchable supercapacitors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof.
Table 41. Examples of materials used in flexible heaters and applications.
Table 42: Applications in energy harvesting textiles, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof.
Table 43: Potential addressable market for thin film, flexible and printed batteries.
Table 44. Global thin film, flexible and printed batteries market 2015-2030, revenues (billions USD) by type.
Table 45. Market challenges in printed, flexible and stretchable energy storage and harvesting.
Table 46: Market drivers for Printed, flexible and stretchable displays and electronic components.
Table 47. Printed, flexible and stretchable displays products.
Table 48: Applications in flexible and stretchable circuit boards, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof.
Table 49: Price comparison of thin-film transistor (TFT) electronics technology.
Table 50. Mirage smart speaker with wraparound touch display.
Table 51. Foldable and rollable smartphones-state of commercial development by company.
Table 52. Companies developing curved automotive displays.
Table 53. Market challenges in printed, flexible and stretchable displays and consumer electronics.
Table 54. LG flexible display products.
Table 55: Market drivers for Printed, flexible and stretchable conductive inks.
Table 56: Typical conductive ink formulation.
Table 57. Comparative properties of conductive inks.
Table 58. Commercially available conductive ink products.
Table 59: Characteristics of analog printing processes for conductive inks.
Table 60: Characteristics of digital printing processes for conductive inks.
Table 61: Printable electronics products.
Table 62: Comparative properties of conductive inks.
Table 63: Applications in conductive inks by type and benefits thereof.
Table 64: Opportunities for advanced materials in printed electronics.
Table 65: Applications in flexible and stretchable batteries, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof.
Table 66. Applications for conductive inks in in-mold electronics.
Table 67: Price comparison of thin-film transistor (TFT) electronics technology.
Table 68: Main markets for conductive inks, applications and revenues.
Table 69: Global market for conductive inks 2015-2030, revenues (million $), by ink types.
Table 70: Global market for conductive inks 2015-2030, revenues (million $), by applications.
Table 71. Market challenges in conductive inks.
Table 72: Transparent conductive switches-PEDOT.
Table 73: Comparison of ITO replacements.
Table 74: Properties of CNTs and comparable materials.
Table 75: Market and applications for SWCNTs in transparent conductive films.
Table 76: Companies developing carbon nanotubes for applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics.
Table 77: Types of flexible conductive polymers, properties and applications.
Table 78: Properties of graphene.
Table 79: Graphene properties relevant to application in sensors.
Table 80: Companies developing graphene for applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics.
Table 81: Advantages and disadvantages of fabrication techniques to produce metal mesh structures.
Table 82: Types of flexible conductive polymers, properties and applications.
Table 83: Companies developing metal mesh for applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics.
Table 84: Nanocellulose properties.
Table 85: Properties and applications of nanocellulose
Table 86: Properties of flexible electronics?cellulose nanofiber film (nanopaper).
Table 87: Properties of flexible electronics cellulose nanofiber films.
Table 88: Companies developing nanocellulose for applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics.
Table 89: Advantages and disadvantages of LCDs, OLEDs and QDs.
Table 90: Typical approaches for integrating QDs into displays.
Table 91: Current and planned Quantum Dot TVs by manufacturer, availability, size range and price range.
Table 92: QD colour filter options and advantages.
Table 93. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs.
Table 94. Photoluminescent properties of GQDs.
Table 95. Synthesis methods for graphene quantum dots.
Table 96. Recent synthesis methods for GQDs.
Table 97: Graphene Quantum Dots in optoelectronics.
Table 98: Comparative properties of conventional QDs and Perovskite QDs.
Table 99: Applications of perovskite QDs.
Table 100: Properties of perovskite QLEDs comparative to OLED and QLED.
Table 101: Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS2.
Table 1: Evolution of wearable devices, 2011-2020.
Table 2. Wearable market leaders by market segment.
Table 3: Advanced materials for Printed, flexible and stretchable sensors and Electronics-Advantages and disadvantages.
Table 4: Sheet resistance (RS) and transparency (T) values for transparent conductive oxides and alternative materials for transparent conductive electrodes (TCE).
Table 5. Foldable display products and prototypes.
Table 6. Assessment of future growth opportunities in printed, flexible and stretchable products.
Table 7: Markets for wearable devices and applications.
Table 8: Market drivers for printed, flexible and stretchable electronics for wearables and IoT.
Table 10. Main smart watch producers and products.
Table 11. Wearable sensors for sports performance.
Table 12. Wearable sensor products for monitoring sport performance.
Table 13. Wearable sleep tracker products.
Table 14. Smart glasses companies and products.
Table 15. Wearable electronics applications in the military.
Table 9: Applications in printed, flexible and stretchable electronics, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof.
Table 16: Global market for wearable electronics, 2015-2027, by product type, billions $.
Table 17. Market challenges in wearable electronics and IoT.
Table 18: Market drivers for printed, flexible and stretchable medical and healthcare sensors and wearables.
Table 19: Examples of wearable medical device products.
Table 20: Applications in flexible and stretchable health monitors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof.
Table 21. Wearable bio-signal monitoring devices.
Table 22. Minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose monitoring products.
Table 23. Companies developing wearable exoskeletons.
Table 24. Companies and products in hearables.
Table 25. Market challenges in medical and healthcare sensors and wearables.
Table 26: Market drivers for printed, flexible, stretchable and organic electronic textiles.
Table 27: Types of smart textiles.
Table 28: Examples of smart textile products.
Table 29: Commercially available smart clothing products.
Table 30: Electronic textiles products.
Table 31: Applications in textiles, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof.
Table 32: Nanocoatings applied in the textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications.
Table 33: Applications and benefits of graphene in textiles and apparel.
Table 34. Global electronic textiles market 2015-2030, revenues (billions USD).
Table 35: Global electronic textiles market 2015-2030, revenues (billions USD).
Table 36. Market challenges in E-textiles.
Table 37: Market drivers and trends for Printed, flexible and stretchable electronic energy storage and harvesting.
Table 38: Wearable energy storage and energy harvesting products.
Table 39: Applications in flexible and stretchable batteries, by materials type and benefits thereof.
Table 40: Applications in flexible and stretchable supercapacitors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof.
Table 41. Examples of materials used in flexible heaters and applications.
Table 42: Applications in energy harvesting textiles, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof.
Table 43: Potential addressable market for thin film, flexible and printed batteries.
Table 44. Global thin film, flexible and printed batteries market 2015-2030, revenues (billions USD) by type.
Table 45. Market challenges in printed, flexible and stretchable energy storage and harvesting.
Table 46: Market drivers for Printed, flexible and stretchable displays and electronic components.
Table 47. Printed, flexible and stretchable displays products.
Table 48: Applications in flexible and stretchable circuit boards, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof.
Table 49: Price comparison of thin-film transistor (TFT) electronics technology.
Table 50. Mirage smart speaker with wraparound touch display.
Table 51. Foldable and rollable smartphones-state of commercial development by company.
Table 52. Companies developing curved automotive displays.
Table 53. Market challenges in printed, flexible and stretchable displays and consumer electronics.
Table 54. LG flexible display products.
Table 55: Market drivers for Printed, flexible and stretchable conductive inks.
Table 56: Typical conductive ink formulation.
Table 57. Comparative properties of conductive inks.
Table 58. Commercially available conductive ink products.
Table 59: Characteristics of analog printing processes for conductive inks.
Table 60: Characteristics of digital printing processes for conductive inks.
Table 61: Printable electronics products.
Table 62: Comparative properties of conductive inks.
Table 63: Applications in conductive inks by type and benefits thereof.
Table 64: Opportunities for advanced materials in printed electronics.
Table 65: Applications in flexible and stretchable batteries, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof.
Table 66. Applications for conductive inks in in-mold electronics.
Table 67: Price comparison of thin-film transistor (TFT) electronics technology.
Table 68: Main markets for conductive inks, applications and revenues.
Table 69: Global market for conductive inks 2015-2030, revenues (million $), by ink types.
Table 70: Global market for conductive inks 2015-2030, revenues (million $), by applications.
Table 71. Market challenges in conductive inks.
Table 72: Transparent conductive switches-PEDOT.
Table 73: Comparison of ITO replacements.
Table 74: Properties of CNTs and comparable materials.
Table 75: Market and applications for SWCNTs in transparent conductive films.
Table 76: Companies developing carbon nanotubes for applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics.
Table 77: Types of flexible conductive polymers, properties and applications.
Table 78: Properties of graphene.
Table 79: Graphene properties relevant to application in sensors.
Table 80: Companies developing graphene for applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics.
Table 81: Advantages and disadvantages of fabrication techniques to produce metal mesh structures.
Table 82: Types of flexible conductive polymers, properties and applications.
Table 83: Companies developing metal mesh for applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics.
Table 84: Nanocellulose properties.
Table 85: Properties and applications of nanocellulose
Table 86: Properties of flexible electronics?cellulose nanofiber film (nanopaper).
Table 87: Properties of flexible electronics cellulose nanofiber films.
Table 88: Companies developing nanocellulose for applications in Printed, flexible and stretchable electronics.
Table 89: Advantages and disadvantages of LCDs, OLEDs and QDs.
Table 90: Typical approaches for integrating QDs into displays.
Table 91: Current and planned Quantum Dot TVs by manufacturer, availability, size range and price range.
Table 92: QD colour filter options and advantages.
Table 93. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs.
Table 94. Photoluminescent properties of GQDs.
Table 95. Synthesis methods for graphene quantum dots.
Table 96. Recent synthesis methods for GQDs.
Table 97: Graphene Quantum Dots in optoelectronics.
Table 98: Comparative properties of conventional QDs and Perovskite QDs.
Table 99: Applications of perovskite QDs.
Table 100: Properties of perovskite QLEDs comparative to OLED and QLED.
Table 101: Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS2.
FIGURES
Figure 1: Evolution of electronics.
Figure 2: Wove Band.
Figure 3: Wearable graphene medical sensor.
Figure 4: Applications timeline for organic and printed electronics.
Figure 5. Galaxy Fold 2.
Figure 6. Galaxy Z Flip.
Figure 7. ThinkPad X1 Fold.
Figure 8. Intel Horseshoe Bend.
Figure 9. Tri-fold phone-tablet hybrid.
Figure 10. TCL rollable phone.
Figure 11. Motorola Razr.
Figure 12: Baby Monitor.
Figure 13: Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors.
Figure 14. Applications of wearable flexible sensors worn on various body parts.
Figure 17: Wearable bio-fluid monitoring system for monitoring of hydration.
Figure 18: Smart mouth guard.
Figure 19. Beddr SleepTuner.
Figure 20. Vuzix Blade.
Figure 21. NReal Light MR smart glasses.
Figure 22: Wearable gas sensor.
Figure 15. Stretchable transistor.
Figure 16. Artificial skin prototype for gesture recognition.
Figure 23: Global market for wearables, 2015-2027, by product type, billions US$.
Figure 24.Lexilens.
Figure 25. ASICS smart shoes.
Figure 26. C-Stretch™
Figure 27. BeBop Sensors Forte Data Glove.
Figure 28: BITalino systems.
Figure 29. MYSA - 'Relax Shirt'.
Figure 30. Prototype sensor technology.
Figure 31. Neosensory Buzz.
Figure 32. PI-Crystal strain sensor.
Figure 33: Connected human body and product examples.
Figure 34: Smart e-skin system comprising health-monitoring sensors, displays, and ultra flexible PLEDs.
Figure 35: Graphene medical patch.
Figure 36: Graphene-based E-skin patch.
Figure 37. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection.
Figure 38. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection-advantages and disadvantages.
Figure 39. Commercial devices for non-invasive glucose monitoring not released or withdrawn from market.
Figure 40. Schematic of non-invasive CGM sensor.
Figure 41. Adhesive wearable CGM sensor.
Figure 42. VitalPatch.
Figure 43. Wearable ECG-textile.
Figure 44. Wearable ECG recorder.
Figure 45. Nexkin™.
Figure 46. Bloomlife.
Figure 47: Baby monitor.
Figure 48. Enfucell wearable temperature tag.
Figure 49: TempTraQ wearable wireless thermometer.
Figure 50: Nanowire skin hydration patch.
Figure 51. NIX sensors.
Figure 52: Wearable sweat sensor.
Figure 53: Wearable sweat sensor.
Figure 54. Gatorade's GX Sweat Patch.
Figure 55. Sweat sensor incorporated into face mask.
Figure 56. Companies developing wearable swear sensors.
Figure 57. Lab-on-Skin™ .
Figure 58. Companies and products in wearable health monitoring devices and products.
Figure 59: My UV Patch.
Figure 60: Overview layers of L'Oreal skin patch.
Figure 61. FootWARE smart shoe.
Figure 62. Honda Walking Assist.
Figure 63. Nuheara IQbuds? Max.
Figure 64: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2030, billions $, by product.
Figure 65: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2030, billions $, by product.
Figure 66. Freestyle Libre 2.
Figure 67. BioButton.
Figure 68. Carewear LED light patches.
Figure 69. In ear wearable sensor.
Figure 70. DRYODES™ electrode.
Figure 71. Sensoria Mat smart cushion.
Figure 72. intelligent Care Belt.
Figure 73. Conductive yarns.
Figure 74: Conductive yarns.
Figure 75. SEM image of cotton fibers with PEDOT:PSS coating.
Figure 76. Myant sleeve tracks biochemical indicators in sweat.
Figure 77. JARVISH X-AR smart helmet.
Figure 78: Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper.
Figure 79. iStimUweaR .
Figure 80. Wearable medical technology.
Figure 81: Global electronic textiles market 2015-2030, revenues (billions USD).
Figure 82 Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel sales by market segment.
Figure 83. K2 baselayer using Clim8 technology.
Figure 84. Siren socks.
Figure 85. COCOMI V-neck Short sleeve Shirt (for men).
Figure 86: Energy harvesting textile.
Figure 87: StretchSense Energy Harvesting Kit.
Figure 88: Hexagonal battery.
Figure 89: Printed 1.5V battery.
Figure 90. Schematic of the structure of stretchable LIBs,
Figure 91. LiBEST flexible battery.
Figure 92: Energy densities and specific energy of rechargeable batteries.
Figure 93: Stretchable graphene supercapacitor.
Figure 94. Basketball referee Royole fully flexible display.
Figure 95. Origami-like silicon solar cells.
Figure 96: Demand for thin film, flexible and printed batteries, by market.
Figure 97: Global thin film, flexible and printed batteries market 2015-2030, revenues (billions USD) by type.
Figure 98. Transparent 3D touch control with LED lights and LED matrix.
Figure 99: LG Display LG Display 77-inch flexible transparent OLED display.
Figure 100: Thin film transistor incorporating CNTs.
Figure 101: Flexible display.
Figure 102: Carbon nanotubes flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries incorporated into flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries.
Figure 103: Flexible LCD.
Figure 104: Full ActiveTM Flex
Figure 105: FOLED schematic.
Figure 106. LG Signature’s OLED TV R.
Figure 107: Foldable display.
Figure 108: Stretchable AMOLED.
Figure 109: LGD 12.3'' FHD Automotive OLED.
Figure 110. LG rollable smartphone concept.
Figure 111. Motorola Razr foldable smartphone.
Figure 112: LECTUM® display.
Figure 113. P-OLED curved OLED display.
Figure 114: LG OLED flexible lighting panel.
Figure 115: Flexible OLED incorporated into automotive headlight.
Figure 116: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots.
Figure 117: Global market for flexible displays, 2015-2030 (billion $).
Figure 118. Hyperfluorescence™ OLED display.
Figure 119. LG Signature OLED TV R.
Figure 120. 3rd Generation Cicada Wing® Fully Flexible Display.
Figure 121. Royole smart speakers with wraparound display.
Figure 122. Tianma transparent display.
Figure 123. TCL phone and tablet concepts.
Figure 124. Drawn-on-skin electronics.
Figure 125: BGT Materials graphene ink product.
Figure 126: Flexible RFID tag.
Figure 127: Printed Battery.
Figure 128: Graphene printed antenna.
Figure 129: Printed antennas for aircraft.
Figure 130. Flexible printed heater.
Figure 131: Stretchable material for formed an in-molded electronics.
Figure 132: Wearable patch with a skin-compatible, pressure-sensitive adhesive.
Figure 133: Thin film transistor incorporating CNTs.
Figure 134: Global market for conductive inks 2015-2030, revenues (million $), by ink types.
Figure 135: Global market for conductive inks 2015-2030, revenues (million $), by applications.
Figure 136. Touchcode technology.
Figure 137. Smart label.
Figure 138: CNT stretchable Resin Film.
Figure 139: Schematic of single-walled carbon nanotube.
Figure 140. Flexible CNT CMOS integrated circuits with sub-10 nanoseconds stage delays. Pictured right: A flexible 5-stage CMOS ring oscillator made on a polyimide substrate.
Figure 141: Stretchable SWNT memory and logic devices for wearable electronics.
Figure 142: Stretchable carbon aerogel incorporating carbon nanotubes. Credit: Guo et al.
Figure 143: Graphene layer structure schematic.
Figure 144: Flexible graphene touch screen.
Figure 145: Graphene electrochromic devices. Top left: Exploded-view illustration of the graphene electrochromic device. The device is formed by attaching two graphene-coated PVC substrates face-to-face and filling the gap with a liquid ionic electrolyte.
Figure 146: Flexible mobile phones with graphene transparent conductive film.
Figure 147: Large-area metal mesh touch panel.
Figure 148: Silver nanocomposite ink after sintering and resin bonding of discrete electronic components.
Figure 149: Bending durability of Ag nanowires.
Figure 150: Flexible silver nanowire wearable mesh.
Figure 151: Copper based inks on flexible substrate.
Figure 152: Cellulose nanofiber films.
Figure 153: Nanocellulose photoluminescent paper.
Figure 154: LEDs shining on circuitry imprinted on a 5x5cm sheet of CNF.
Figure 155: Foldable nanopaper.
Figure 156: Foldable nanopaper antenna.
Figure 157: Paper memory (ReRAM).
Figure 158: Quantum dot.
Figure 159: The light-blue curve represents a typical spectrum from a conventional white-LED LCD TV. With quantum dots, the spectrum is tunable to any colours of red, green, and blue, and each Color is limited to a narrow band.
Figure 160: QD-TV supply chain.
Figure 161: Quantum dot LED backlighting schematic.
Figure 162: Quantum dot film schematic.
Figure 163: Quantum Dots on Glass schematic.
Figure 164: Samsung 8K 65' QD Glass.
Figure 165: QD/OLED hybrid schematic.
Figure 166: Electroluminescent quantum dots schematic.
Figure 167: The Wall microLED display.
Figure 168: Individual red, green and blue microLED arrays based on quantum dots.
Figure 169: Ink-jet printed 5-inch AM-QLED display (80 dpi).
Figure 170: Carbon nanotubes flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries incorporated into flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries.
Figure 171: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots.
Figure 172: Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4).
Figure 173. Graphene quantum dots.
Figure 174: Schematic of GQD functionalization.
Figure 175: A pQLED device structure.
Figure 176: Development roadmap for perovskite QDs.
Figure 177: Perovskite quantum dots under UV light.
Figure 178: Borophene schematic.
Figure 179: Black phosphorus structure.
Figure 180: Black Phosphorus crystal.
Figure 181: Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation.
Figure 182: Graphitic carbon nitride.
Figure 183: Schematic of germanene.
Figure 184: Graphdiyne structure.
Figure 185: Schematic of Graphane crystal.
Figure 186: Structure of hexagonal boron nitride.
Figure 187: Structure of 2D molybdenum disulfide.
Figure 188: SEM image of MoS2.
Figure 189: Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor.
Figure 190: Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge.
Figure 191: Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulphide.
Figure 192: Silicene structure.
Figure 193: Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate.
Figure 194: Silicene transistor.
Figure 195: Crystal structure for stanene.
Figure 196: Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111).
Figure 197: Schematic of tungsten diselenide.
Figure 198: Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe).
Figure 1: Evolution of electronics.
Figure 2: Wove Band.
Figure 3: Wearable graphene medical sensor.
Figure 4: Applications timeline for organic and printed electronics.
Figure 5. Galaxy Fold 2.
Figure 6. Galaxy Z Flip.
Figure 7. ThinkPad X1 Fold.
Figure 8. Intel Horseshoe Bend.
Figure 9. Tri-fold phone-tablet hybrid.
Figure 10. TCL rollable phone.
Figure 11. Motorola Razr.
Figure 12: Baby Monitor.
Figure 13: Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors.
Figure 14. Applications of wearable flexible sensors worn on various body parts.
Figure 17: Wearable bio-fluid monitoring system for monitoring of hydration.
Figure 18: Smart mouth guard.
Figure 19. Beddr SleepTuner.
Figure 20. Vuzix Blade.
Figure 21. NReal Light MR smart glasses.
Figure 22: Wearable gas sensor.
Figure 15. Stretchable transistor.
Figure 16. Artificial skin prototype for gesture recognition.
Figure 23: Global market for wearables, 2015-2027, by product type, billions US$.
Figure 24.Lexilens.
Figure 25. ASICS smart shoes.
Figure 26. C-Stretch™
Figure 27. BeBop Sensors Forte Data Glove.
Figure 28: BITalino systems.
Figure 29. MYSA - 'Relax Shirt'.
Figure 30. Prototype sensor technology.
Figure 31. Neosensory Buzz.
Figure 32. PI-Crystal strain sensor.
Figure 33: Connected human body and product examples.
Figure 34: Smart e-skin system comprising health-monitoring sensors, displays, and ultra flexible PLEDs.
Figure 35: Graphene medical patch.
Figure 36: Graphene-based E-skin patch.
Figure 37. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection.
Figure 38. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection-advantages and disadvantages.
Figure 39. Commercial devices for non-invasive glucose monitoring not released or withdrawn from market.
Figure 40. Schematic of non-invasive CGM sensor.
Figure 41. Adhesive wearable CGM sensor.
Figure 42. VitalPatch.
Figure 43. Wearable ECG-textile.
Figure 44. Wearable ECG recorder.
Figure 45. Nexkin™.
Figure 46. Bloomlife.
Figure 47: Baby monitor.
Figure 48. Enfucell wearable temperature tag.
Figure 49: TempTraQ wearable wireless thermometer.
Figure 50: Nanowire skin hydration patch.
Figure 51. NIX sensors.
Figure 52: Wearable sweat sensor.
Figure 53: Wearable sweat sensor.
Figure 54. Gatorade's GX Sweat Patch.
Figure 55. Sweat sensor incorporated into face mask.
Figure 56. Companies developing wearable swear sensors.
Figure 57. Lab-on-Skin™ .
Figure 58. Companies and products in wearable health monitoring devices and products.
Figure 59: My UV Patch.
Figure 60: Overview layers of L'Oreal skin patch.
Figure 61. FootWARE smart shoe.
Figure 62. Honda Walking Assist.
Figure 63. Nuheara IQbuds? Max.
Figure 64: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2030, billions $, by product.
Figure 65: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2030, billions $, by product.
Figure 66. Freestyle Libre 2.
Figure 67. BioButton.
Figure 68. Carewear LED light patches.
Figure 69. In ear wearable sensor.
Figure 70. DRYODES™ electrode.
Figure 71. Sensoria Mat smart cushion.
Figure 72. intelligent Care Belt.
Figure 73. Conductive yarns.
Figure 74: Conductive yarns.
Figure 75. SEM image of cotton fibers with PEDOT:PSS coating.
Figure 76. Myant sleeve tracks biochemical indicators in sweat.
Figure 77. JARVISH X-AR smart helmet.
Figure 78: Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper.
Figure 79. iStimUweaR .
Figure 80. Wearable medical technology.
Figure 81: Global electronic textiles market 2015-2030, revenues (billions USD).
Figure 82 Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel sales by market segment.
Figure 83. K2 baselayer using Clim8 technology.
Figure 84. Siren socks.
Figure 85. COCOMI V-neck Short sleeve Shirt (for men).
Figure 86: Energy harvesting textile.
Figure 87: StretchSense Energy Harvesting Kit.
Figure 88: Hexagonal battery.
Figure 89: Printed 1.5V battery.
Figure 90. Schematic of the structure of stretchable LIBs,
Figure 91. LiBEST flexible battery.
Figure 92: Energy densities and specific energy of rechargeable batteries.
Figure 93: Stretchable graphene supercapacitor.
Figure 94. Basketball referee Royole fully flexible display.
Figure 95. Origami-like silicon solar cells.
Figure 96: Demand for thin film, flexible and printed batteries, by market.
Figure 97: Global thin film, flexible and printed batteries market 2015-2030, revenues (billions USD) by type.
Figure 98. Transparent 3D touch control with LED lights and LED matrix.
Figure 99: LG Display LG Display 77-inch flexible transparent OLED display.
Figure 100: Thin film transistor incorporating CNTs.
Figure 101: Flexible display.
Figure 102: Carbon nanotubes flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries incorporated into flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries.
Figure 103: Flexible LCD.
Figure 104: Full ActiveTM Flex
Figure 105: FOLED schematic.
Figure 106. LG Signature’s OLED TV R.
Figure 107: Foldable display.
Figure 108: Stretchable AMOLED.
Figure 109: LGD 12.3'' FHD Automotive OLED.
Figure 110. LG rollable smartphone concept.
Figure 111. Motorola Razr foldable smartphone.
Figure 112: LECTUM® display.
Figure 113. P-OLED curved OLED display.
Figure 114: LG OLED flexible lighting panel.
Figure 115: Flexible OLED incorporated into automotive headlight.
Figure 116: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots.
Figure 117: Global market for flexible displays, 2015-2030 (billion $).
Figure 118. Hyperfluorescence™ OLED display.
Figure 119. LG Signature OLED TV R.
Figure 120. 3rd Generation Cicada Wing® Fully Flexible Display.
Figure 121. Royole smart speakers with wraparound display.
Figure 122. Tianma transparent display.
Figure 123. TCL phone and tablet concepts.
Figure 124. Drawn-on-skin electronics.
Figure 125: BGT Materials graphene ink product.
Figure 126: Flexible RFID tag.
Figure 127: Printed Battery.
Figure 128: Graphene printed antenna.
Figure 129: Printed antennas for aircraft.
Figure 130. Flexible printed heater.
Figure 131: Stretchable material for formed an in-molded electronics.
Figure 132: Wearable patch with a skin-compatible, pressure-sensitive adhesive.
Figure 133: Thin film transistor incorporating CNTs.
Figure 134: Global market for conductive inks 2015-2030, revenues (million $), by ink types.
Figure 135: Global market for conductive inks 2015-2030, revenues (million $), by applications.
Figure 136. Touchcode technology.
Figure 137. Smart label.
Figure 138: CNT stretchable Resin Film.
Figure 139: Schematic of single-walled carbon nanotube.
Figure 140. Flexible CNT CMOS integrated circuits with sub-10 nanoseconds stage delays. Pictured right: A flexible 5-stage CMOS ring oscillator made on a polyimide substrate.
Figure 141: Stretchable SWNT memory and logic devices for wearable electronics.
Figure 142: Stretchable carbon aerogel incorporating carbon nanotubes. Credit: Guo et al.
Figure 143: Graphene layer structure schematic.
Figure 144: Flexible graphene touch screen.
Figure 145: Graphene electrochromic devices. Top left: Exploded-view illustration of the graphene electrochromic device. The device is formed by attaching two graphene-coated PVC substrates face-to-face and filling the gap with a liquid ionic electrolyte.
Figure 146: Flexible mobile phones with graphene transparent conductive film.
Figure 147: Large-area metal mesh touch panel.
Figure 148: Silver nanocomposite ink after sintering and resin bonding of discrete electronic components.
Figure 149: Bending durability of Ag nanowires.
Figure 150: Flexible silver nanowire wearable mesh.
Figure 151: Copper based inks on flexible substrate.
Figure 152: Cellulose nanofiber films.
Figure 153: Nanocellulose photoluminescent paper.
Figure 154: LEDs shining on circuitry imprinted on a 5x5cm sheet of CNF.
Figure 155: Foldable nanopaper.
Figure 156: Foldable nanopaper antenna.
Figure 157: Paper memory (ReRAM).
Figure 158: Quantum dot.
Figure 159: The light-blue curve represents a typical spectrum from a conventional white-LED LCD TV. With quantum dots, the spectrum is tunable to any colours of red, green, and blue, and each Color is limited to a narrow band.
Figure 160: QD-TV supply chain.
Figure 161: Quantum dot LED backlighting schematic.
Figure 162: Quantum dot film schematic.
Figure 163: Quantum Dots on Glass schematic.
Figure 164: Samsung 8K 65' QD Glass.
Figure 165: QD/OLED hybrid schematic.
Figure 166: Electroluminescent quantum dots schematic.
Figure 167: The Wall microLED display.
Figure 168: Individual red, green and blue microLED arrays based on quantum dots.
Figure 169: Ink-jet printed 5-inch AM-QLED display (80 dpi).
Figure 170: Carbon nanotubes flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries incorporated into flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries.
Figure 171: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots.
Figure 172: Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4).
Figure 173. Graphene quantum dots.
Figure 174: Schematic of GQD functionalization.
Figure 175: A pQLED device structure.
Figure 176: Development roadmap for perovskite QDs.
Figure 177: Perovskite quantum dots under UV light.
Figure 178: Borophene schematic.
Figure 179: Black phosphorus structure.
Figure 180: Black Phosphorus crystal.
Figure 181: Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation.
Figure 182: Graphitic carbon nitride.
Figure 183: Schematic of germanene.
Figure 184: Graphdiyne structure.
Figure 185: Schematic of Graphane crystal.
Figure 186: Structure of hexagonal boron nitride.
Figure 187: Structure of 2D molybdenum disulfide.
Figure 188: SEM image of MoS2.
Figure 189: Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor.
Figure 190: Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge.
Figure 191: Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulphide.
Figure 192: Silicene structure.
Figure 193: Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate.
Figure 194: Silicene transistor.
Figure 195: Crystal structure for stanene.
Figure 196: Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111).
Figure 197: Schematic of tungsten diselenide.
Figure 198: Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe).
