Coal Liquefaction Industry in United States
The tightening of worldwide oil reserves is causing the price of oil to escalate - and makes coal, which is much more abundantly available, an interesting starting material for liquid fuels and chemical raw materials. Circumstances have thus made coal liquefaction a very lucrative option.
Coal liquefaction is a process that converts coal from a solid state into liquid fuels, usually to provide substitutes for petroleum products. Coal liquefaction processes were first developed in the early part of the 20th century but later application was hindered by the relatively low price and wide availability of crude oil and natural gas.
Aruvian's R'search’s report on the Coal Liquefaction Industry in the United States is a complete coverage report which focuses on the basics of coal liquefaction, its history, challenges and barriers, the growth drivers, major market players, major ongoing projects, and the economics of coal liquefaction. With the growing popularity of coal liquefaction, Aruvian’s report comes at the right time for anyone wanting to upgrade their knowledge on this lucrative industry.
Coal liquefaction is a process that converts coal from a solid state into liquid fuels, usually to provide substitutes for petroleum products. Coal liquefaction processes were first developed in the early part of the 20th century but later application was hindered by the relatively low price and wide availability of crude oil and natural gas.
Aruvian's R'search’s report on the Coal Liquefaction Industry in the United States is a complete coverage report which focuses on the basics of coal liquefaction, its history, challenges and barriers, the growth drivers, major market players, major ongoing projects, and the economics of coal liquefaction. With the growing popularity of coal liquefaction, Aruvian’s report comes at the right time for anyone wanting to upgrade their knowledge on this lucrative industry.
A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
B. INTRODUCTION TO COAL
What is Coal?
History & Origin of Coal
Composition of Coal
Types of Coal
Coal Reserves
Coal Production
Uses of Coal
Environmental Impact of Coal
Current Market for Coal
C. COAL LIQUEFACTION
What is Coal Liquefaction?
Historical Background
Market for Coal Liquefaction
D. PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES IN COAL LIQUEFACTION
Direct Coal Liquefaction
Indirect Coal Liquefaction
Fischer- Tropsch Process
Methanol Synthesis
Gasoline Synthesis
Basic Process Configurations
Solvent Refined Coal Process
Consol Synthetic Fuels
Exxon Donor Solvent
H-Coal
Third Generation Liquefaction Processes
E. CHEMISTRY OF COAL LIQUEFACTION
F. PROPERTIES OF COAL LIQUIDS
G. COMMERCIALIZATION & ECONOMICS OF SYNFUEL PRODUCTION
H. ECONOMICS OF COAL LIQUEFACTION
Cost of Overall Process & Fuel
Polygeneration Costs
I. GROWTH DRIVERS FOR COAL LIQUEFACTION
Global Climate Change
Exhaustion of Fossil Fuels
Energy, National Security & High Oil Prices
Large Quantity of Coal Supply
Emergence of Methanol as a Renewable Fuel
J. CHALLENGES & ISSUES IN COAL LIQUEFACTION
Costing of Liquefaction Process & High Coal Prices
Carbon Dioxide as a By-Product
Consumption of Water
K. CASE STUDY: CHINA INVESTMENT IN DIRECT COAL LIQUEFACTION
Coal Liquefaction in China
Shenhua’s Coal Liquefaction Project
Issues & Challenges
Conclusion
L. LEADING PLAYERS
American Clean Coal Fuels
BRI Energy
Headwaters Group
Rentech
Sasol
Shenhua Group Corporation Limited
M. MAJOR PROJECTS
East Dubuque
Gilberton
Medicine Bow
Monash Energy
Sasol I, II, & III
Shaanxi
Yinchuan
Catoosa
N. APPENDIX
O. GLOSSARY OF TERMS
B. INTRODUCTION TO COAL
What is Coal?
History & Origin of Coal
Composition of Coal
Types of Coal
Coal Reserves
Coal Production
Uses of Coal
Environmental Impact of Coal
Current Market for Coal
C. COAL LIQUEFACTION
What is Coal Liquefaction?
Historical Background
Market for Coal Liquefaction
D. PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES IN COAL LIQUEFACTION
Direct Coal Liquefaction
Indirect Coal Liquefaction
Fischer- Tropsch Process
Methanol Synthesis
Gasoline Synthesis
Basic Process Configurations
Solvent Refined Coal Process
Consol Synthetic Fuels
Exxon Donor Solvent
H-Coal
Third Generation Liquefaction Processes
E. CHEMISTRY OF COAL LIQUEFACTION
F. PROPERTIES OF COAL LIQUIDS
G. COMMERCIALIZATION & ECONOMICS OF SYNFUEL PRODUCTION
H. ECONOMICS OF COAL LIQUEFACTION
Cost of Overall Process & Fuel
Polygeneration Costs
I. GROWTH DRIVERS FOR COAL LIQUEFACTION
Global Climate Change
Exhaustion of Fossil Fuels
Energy, National Security & High Oil Prices
Large Quantity of Coal Supply
Emergence of Methanol as a Renewable Fuel
J. CHALLENGES & ISSUES IN COAL LIQUEFACTION
Costing of Liquefaction Process & High Coal Prices
Carbon Dioxide as a By-Product
Consumption of Water
K. CASE STUDY: CHINA INVESTMENT IN DIRECT COAL LIQUEFACTION
Coal Liquefaction in China
Shenhua’s Coal Liquefaction Project
Issues & Challenges
Conclusion
L. LEADING PLAYERS
American Clean Coal Fuels
BRI Energy
Headwaters Group
Rentech
Sasol
Shenhua Group Corporation Limited
M. MAJOR PROJECTS
East Dubuque
Gilberton
Medicine Bow
Monash Energy
Sasol I, II, & III
Shaanxi
Yinchuan
Catoosa
N. APPENDIX
O. GLOSSARY OF TERMS
