Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and Alternatives Global Market 2024

July 2024 | 220 pages | ID: P2AE98F3A9DDEN
Future Markets, Inc.

Abstracts

PFAS, otherwise known as ‘forever chemicals,’ are widespread in an array of everyday products. PFAS are a growing concern due to their environmental persistence and potential health risks. These manufactured chemicals are widespread and found in numerous everyday products like non-stick cookware, water repellents, stain-resistant fabrics, firefighting foams, and food packaging, where they are valued due to their high performance. There are more than 3000 types of PFAS commercially available on the world market today. However, regulatory restrictions on PFAS are gaining momentum. Notably, California (by 2025) and New York (by 2024) have taken the lead by implementing bans, and the European Union is actively pushing for a similar restriction. As a result, various alternatives to PFAS across different industries and applications are being developed in response to growing environmental concerns and regulatory pressures surrounding PFAS use.

This extensive market research report provides a thorough analysis of the global Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) market and the emerging alternatives sector. As environmental concerns and regulatory pressures mount, this report offers crucial insights into the shifting landscape of PFAS usage, alternatives development, and market dynamics across various industries. Report contents include:

• Types of PFAS, chemical structure, properties, historical development, and types.
• Environmental and health concerns associated with PFAS, including their persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and widespread environmental contamination.
• Comprehensive overview of the global regulatory landscape including international agreements, European Union regulations, United States policies, and Asian regulatory frameworks.
• PFAS usage in key sectors such as semiconductors, textiles and clothing, food packaging, paints and coatings, ion exchange membranes, energy, low-loss materials for 5G, cosmetics, firefighting foam, automotive, electronics, and medical devices. Each industry section provides an overview of PFAS applications, regulatory implications, and emerging alternatives.
• PFAS alternatives including PFAS-free release agents, non-fluorinated surfactants and dispersants, PFAS-free water and oil-repellent materials, fluorine-free liquid-repellent surfaces, and PFAS-free colorless transparent polyimide.
• Methods for PFAS degradation and elimination, with a focus on bio-friendly approaches such as phytoremediation, microbial degradation, enzyme-based degradation, and other green technologies.
• Market analysis and future outlook including a global PFAS market overview, regional market analysis, and market segmentation by industry.
• Assessment of challenges and barriers to PFAS substitution, including technical performance gaps, cost considerations, and regulatory uncertainty. It offers future market projections, providing valuable insights for stakeholders across the PFAS and alternatives value chain.
• Profiles of over 500 companies developing PFAS alternatives and PFAS degradation chemicals.

This report is an essential resource for:

• Chemical manufacturers and suppliers
• Environmental consultants and remediation specialists
• Regulatory bodies and policymakers
• Industry executives in sectors utilizing PFAS
• Investors and financial analysts focusing on chemical and environmental markets
• Research institutions and academics studying PFAS and alternatives
• Sustainability professionals and environmental NGOs

Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 Introduction to PFAS
1.2 Definition and Overview of PFAS
  1.2.1 Chemical Structure and Properties
  1.2.2 Historical Development and Use
1.3 Types of PFAS
  1.3.1 Non-polymeric PFAS
    1.3.1.1 Long-Chain PFAS
    1.3.1.2 Short-Chain PFAS
  1.3.2 Polymeric PFAS
    1.3.2.1 Fluoropolymers (FPs)
    1.3.2.2 Side-chain fluorinated polymers:
    1.3.2.3 Perfluoropolyethers
1.4 Properties and Applications of PFAS
  1.4.1 Water and Oil Repellency
  1.4.2 Thermal and Chemical Stability
  1.4.3 Surfactant Properties
1.5 Environmental and Health Concerns
  1.5.1 Persistence in the Environment
  1.5.2 Bioaccumulation
  1.5.3 Toxicity and Health Effects
  1.5.4 Environmental Contamination
1.6 PFAS Alternatives

2 GLOBAL REGULATORY LANDSCAPE

2.1 Impact of growing PFAS regulation
2.2 International Agreements
2.3 European Union Regulations
2.4 United States Regulations
2.5 Asian Regulations
2.6 Global Regulatory Trends and Outlook

3 INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC PFAS USAGE

3.1 Semiconductors
  3.1.1 Overview
  3.1.2 Importance of PFAS
  3.1.3 Photolithography
  3.1.4 Etching
  3.1.5 Cleaning
  3.1.6 Interconnects and Packaging Materials
  3.1.7 Heat Transfer Fluids
  3.1.8 Thermal management for data centers
  3.1.9 Environmental Impact and Life Cycle Analysis
  3.1.10 Regulatory Implications for Semiconductors
  3.1.11 Alternatives to PFAS
    3.1.11.1 Alkyl Polyglucoside and Polyoxyethylene Surfactants
    3.1.11.2 Non-PFAS Etching Solutions
    3.1.11.3 PTFE-Free Sliding Materials
    3.1.11.4 Metal oxide-based materials
    3.1.11.5 Fluoropolymer Alternatives
3.2 Textiles and Clothing
  3.2.1 Overview
  3.2.2 PFAS in Water-Repellent Materials
  3.2.3 Stain-Resistant Treatments
  3.2.4 Regulatory Impact on Water-Repellent Clothing
  3.2.5 Industry Initiatives and Commitments
  3.2.6 Alternatives to PFAS
    3.2.6.1 Enhanced surface treatments
    3.2.6.2 Non-fluorinated treatments
    3.2.6.3 Biomimetic approaches
    3.2.6.4 Nano-structured surfaces
    3.2.6.5 Wax-based additives
    3.2.6.6 Plasma treatments
    3.2.6.7 Sol-gel coatings
    3.2.6.8 Superhydrophobic coatings
    3.2.6.9 Companies
3.3 Food Packaging
  3.3.1 Sustainable packaging
    3.3.1.1 PFAS in Grease-Resistant Packaging
    3.3.1.2 Regulatory Trends in Food Contact Materials
  3.3.2 Alternatives to PFAS
    3.3.2.1 Biobased materials
    3.3.2.2 PFAS-free coatings for food packaging
    3.3.2.3 Companies
3.4 Paints and Coatings
  3.4.1 Overview
  3.4.2 Applications
  3.4.3 Alternatives to PFAS
    3.4.3.1 Silicon-Based
    3.4.3.2 Hydrocarbon-Based
    3.4.3.3 Nanomaterials
    3.4.3.4 Plasma-Based Surface Treatments
    3.4.3.5 Inorganic Alternatives
    3.4.3.6 Companies
3.5 Ion Exchange membranes
  3.5.1 Overview
  3.5.2 Proton Exchange Membranes
  3.5.3 Catalyst Coated Membranes
  3.5.4 Membranes in Redox Flow Batteries
  3.5.5 Alternatives to PFAS
    3.5.5.1 Hydrocarbon material
    3.5.5.2 Nanocellulose
    3.5.5.3 AEM fuel cells
    3.5.5.4 Metal-organic frameworks
    3.5.5.5 Companies
3.6 Energy (excluding fuel cells)
  3.6.1 Overview
  3.6.2 Solar Panels
  3.6.3 Wind Turbines:
  3.6.4 Lithium-Ion Batteries:
  3.6.5 Alternatives to PFAS
    3.6.5.1 Solar
    3.6.5.2 Wind Turbines
    3.6.5.3 Lithium-Ion Batteries
3.7 Low-loss materials for 5G
  3.7.1 Overview
  3.7.2 PTFE in 5G
  3.7.3 Alternatives to PFAS
3.8 Cosmetics
  3.8.1 Overview
  3.8.2 Use in cosmetics
  3.8.3 Alternatives to PFAS
    3.8.3.1 Short chain PFASs
    3.8.3.2 Non-fluorinated chemical alternatives
3.9 Firefighting Foam
  3.9.1 Overview
  3.9.2 Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF)
  3.9.3 Environmental Contamination from AFFF Use
  3.9.4 Regulatory Pressures and Phase-Out Initiatives
  3.9.5 Alternatives to PFAS
3.10 Automotive
  3.10.1 Overview
  3.10.2 PFAS in Lubricants and Hydraulic Fluids
  3.10.3 Use in Fuel Systems and Engine Components
  3.10.4 Electric Vehicle
    3.10.4.1 PFAS in Electric Vehicles
    3.10.4.2 High-Voltage Cables
    3.10.4.3 Refrigerants
    3.10.4.4 Immersion Cooling for Li-ion Batteries
  3.10.5 Alternatives to PFAS
3.11 Electronics
  3.11.1 Overview
  3.11.2 PFAS in Printed Circuit Boards
  3.11.3 Cable and Wire Insulation
  3.11.4 Regulatory Challenges for Electronics Manufacturers
  3.11.5 Alternatives to PFAS
    3.11.5.1 Wires and cables
    3.11.5.2 Coating
    3.11.5.3 Electronic components
    3.11.5.4 Sealing and lubricants
    3.11.5.5 Cleaning
3.12 Medical Devices
  3.12.1 Overview
  3.12.2 PFAS in Implantable Devices
  3.12.3 Diagnostic Equipment Applications
  3.12.4 Balancing Safety and Performance in Regulations
  3.12.5 Alternatives to PFAS
3.13 Green hydrogen
  3.13.1 Electrolyzers

4 PFAS ALTERNATIVES

4.1 Market drivers
4.2 PFAS-Free Release Agents
  4.2.1 Silicone-Based Alternatives
  4.2.2 Hydrocarbon-Based Solutions
  4.2.3 Performance Comparisons
4.3 Non-Fluorinated Surfactants and Dispersants
  4.3.1 Bio-Based Surfactants
  4.3.2 Silicon-Based Surfactants
  4.3.3 Hydrocarbon-Based Surfactants
4.4 PFAS-Free Water and Oil-Repellent Materials
  4.4.1 Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers
  4.4.2 PFA-Free Durable Water Repellent (DWR) Coatings
  4.4.3 Silicone-Based Repellents
  4.4.4 Nano-Structured Surfaces
4.5 Fluorine-Free Liquid-Repellent Surfaces
  4.5.1 Superhydrophobic Coatings
  4.5.2 Omniphobic Surfaces
  4.5.3 Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS)
4.6 PFAS-Free Colorless Transparent Polyimide
  4.6.1 Novel Polymer Structures
  4.6.2 Applications in Flexible Electronics

5 PFAS DEGRADATION AND ELIMINATION

5.1 Current methods for PFAS degradation and elimination
5.2 Bio-friendly methods
  5.2.1 Phytoremediation
  5.2.2 Microbial Degradation
  5.2.3 Enzyme-Based Degradation
  5.2.4 Mycoremediation
  5.2.5 Biochar Adsorption
  5.2.6 Green Oxidation Methods
  5.2.7 Bio-based Adsorbents
  5.2.8 Algae-Based Systems
5.3 Companies

6 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK

6.1 Current Market Size and Segmentation
  6.1.1 Global PFAS Market Overview
  6.1.2 Regional Market Analysis
  6.1.3 Market Segmentation by Industry
6.2 Impact of Regulations on Market Dynamics
  6.2.1 Shift from Long-Chain to Short-Chain PFAS
  6.2.2 Growth in PFAS-Free Alternatives Market
  6.2.3 Regional Market Shifts Due to Regulatory Differences
6.3 Emerging Trends and Opportunities
  6.3.1 Green Chemistry Innovations
  6.3.2 Circular Economy Approaches
  6.3.3 Digital Technologies for PFAS Management
6.4 Challenges and Barriers to PFAS Substitution
  6.4.1 Technical Performance Gaps
  6.4.2 Cost Considerations
  6.4.3 Regulatory Uncertainty
6.5 Future Market Projections

7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

8 REFERENCES

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Established applications of PFAS.
Table 2. Non-polymeric PFAS.
Table 3. Chemical structure and physiochemical properties of various perfluorinated surfactants.
Table 4. Applications of PFAs.
Table 5. PFAS surfactant properties.
Table 6. 12. List ofPFAS alternatives.
Table 7. International PFAS regulations.
Table 8. Common PFAS and their regulation.
Table 9. European Union Regulations.
Table 10. United States Regulations.
Table 11. PFAS Regulations in Asia-Pacific Countries.
Table 12. Identified uses of PFAS in semiconductors.
Table 13. Initiatives by outdoor clothing companies to phase out PFCs.
Table 14. Companies developing PFAS alternatives for textiles.
Table 15. Companies developing PFAS alternatives for food packaging.
Table 16. Applications and purpose of PFAS in paints and coatings.
Table 17. Companies developing PFAS alternatives for paints and coatings.
Table 18. Companies developing PFA alternatives for fuel cells.
Table 19. 6. Identified uses of PFASs in the energy sector.
Table 20. Alternatives to PFAS for low-loss applications in 5G
Table 21. Application of PFAS in electric vehicles.
Table 22. Alternatives to PFAS in the automotive sector.
Table 23. Use of PFAS in the electronics sector.
Table 24. Alternatives to PFAS in medical devices.
Table 25. Readiness level of PFAS alternatives.
Table 26. Current methods for PFAS elimination .
Table 27. Companies developing processes for PFA degradation.

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Types of PFAS.
Figure 2. Structure of PFAS-based polymer finishes.
Figure 3. Water and Oil Repellent Textile Coating.
Figure 4. Main PFAS exposure route.
Figure 5. Main sources of perfluorinated compounds (PFC) and general pathways that these compounds may take toward human exposure.
Figure 6. The photoresist application process in photolithography.
Figure 7. Superhydrophobic coating.
Figure 8. Common examples of food packaging where grease and water resistance are
Figure 9. Main functions of PFASs in cosmetics.
Figure 10. Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS).