The Global Smart and Sustainable Buildings Market 2025-2035
The global market for smart and sustainable buildings is experiencing rapid growth, driven by increasing awareness of environmental issues, the need for energy efficiency, and advancements in technology. This market encompasses a wide range of solutions and technologies aimed at improving building performance, reducing energy consumption, and enhancing occupant comfort and well-being. Smart buildings integrate various systems and technologies to optimize operations, including building automation systems, energy management systems, lighting controls, HVAC systems, and security and access control. These systems are increasingly interconnected through Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, allowing for real-time monitoring, data analysis, and automated decision-making. The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms is further enhancing the capabilities of smart buildings, enabling predictive maintenance, personalized comfort settings, and more efficient resource allocation.
Sustainable buildings, on the other hand, focus on minimizing environmental impact through energy-efficient design, renewable energy integration, water conservation, and the use of eco-friendly materials. Many smart building technologies contribute to sustainability goals by optimizing resource use and reducing waste. The convergence of smart and sustainable building practices is creating a new paradigm in the construction and real estate industries, often referred to as 'smart green buildings.'
The market for smart and sustainable buildings is being driven by several factors. Government regulations and building codes promoting energy efficiency and sustainability are becoming more stringent in many countries. Rising energy costs and the need to reduce carbon emissions are pushing building owners and operators to adopt more efficient technologies. Additionally, there is growing demand from tenants and occupants for healthier, more comfortable, and more environmentally friendly spaces. There is increased focus on indoor air quality, touchless technologies, and space utilization monitoring to ensure safe and healthy environments. Remote monitoring and management capabilities have become more critical as building operators seek to minimize on-site staffing.
Looking to the future, the smart and sustainable building market is poised for continued growth. The integration of renewable energy systems, such as solar panels and energy storage, is expected to become more prevalent. Advanced materials, including self-healing concrete and smart windows, will contribute to improved building performance and longevity. The concept of 'digital twins' – virtual replicas of physical buildings – is likely to gain traction, enabling more sophisticated simulation and optimization of building operations. The future outlook for smart and sustainable buildings also includes greater integration with smart city initiatives. Buildings will increasingly interact with urban infrastructure, participating in demand response programs for energy management and contributing to more efficient transportation systems.
As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see more sophisticated AI-driven building management systems that can learn and adapt to changing conditions and user preferences. The use of robotics for building maintenance and cleaning is likely to increase. Additionally, the integration of biophilic design principles – incorporating nature into the built environment – is expected to become more common, supporting both sustainability goals and occupant well-being. However, challenges remain in the widespread adoption of smart and sustainable building technologies. High initial costs, concerns about data privacy and cybersecurity, and the complexity of integrating various systems are ongoing issues. There is also a need for standardization in the industry to ensure interoperability between different systems and technologies.
The Global Smart and Sustainable Buildings Market 2025-2035 provides an in-depth analysis of the rapidly evolving global smart and sustainable buildings industry. As urbanization accelerates and environmental concerns intensify, the demand for intelligent, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly buildings is soaring. Key technologies include adaptive facades, smart windows, advanced insulation materials, building automation systems, and energy harvesting solutions. These are expected to see increased adoption as buildings strive to meet sustainability goals and regulatory requirements. Building automation systems form the core of smart buildings, covering HVAC control, lighting management, security, and energy monitoring. AI and machine learning are enhancing these systems, enabling predictive maintenance and efficient resource allocation.
Advanced construction materials such as self-healing concrete and phase change materials are reshaping the industry, improving building performance and durability. Energy efficiency remains crucial, with innovations in thermal and sound insulation, smart HVAC systems, and energy harvesting technologies helping to reduce carbon footprints and meet energy codes. IoT and smart sensors are transforming building management, optimizing performance through occupancy detection, air quality monitoring, and more. Emerging technologies like smart coatings and advanced lighting solutions further enhance building functionality and energy efficiency.
Report contents include:
Sustainable buildings, on the other hand, focus on minimizing environmental impact through energy-efficient design, renewable energy integration, water conservation, and the use of eco-friendly materials. Many smart building technologies contribute to sustainability goals by optimizing resource use and reducing waste. The convergence of smart and sustainable building practices is creating a new paradigm in the construction and real estate industries, often referred to as 'smart green buildings.'
The market for smart and sustainable buildings is being driven by several factors. Government regulations and building codes promoting energy efficiency and sustainability are becoming more stringent in many countries. Rising energy costs and the need to reduce carbon emissions are pushing building owners and operators to adopt more efficient technologies. Additionally, there is growing demand from tenants and occupants for healthier, more comfortable, and more environmentally friendly spaces. There is increased focus on indoor air quality, touchless technologies, and space utilization monitoring to ensure safe and healthy environments. Remote monitoring and management capabilities have become more critical as building operators seek to minimize on-site staffing.
Looking to the future, the smart and sustainable building market is poised for continued growth. The integration of renewable energy systems, such as solar panels and energy storage, is expected to become more prevalent. Advanced materials, including self-healing concrete and smart windows, will contribute to improved building performance and longevity. The concept of 'digital twins' – virtual replicas of physical buildings – is likely to gain traction, enabling more sophisticated simulation and optimization of building operations. The future outlook for smart and sustainable buildings also includes greater integration with smart city initiatives. Buildings will increasingly interact with urban infrastructure, participating in demand response programs for energy management and contributing to more efficient transportation systems.
As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see more sophisticated AI-driven building management systems that can learn and adapt to changing conditions and user preferences. The use of robotics for building maintenance and cleaning is likely to increase. Additionally, the integration of biophilic design principles – incorporating nature into the built environment – is expected to become more common, supporting both sustainability goals and occupant well-being. However, challenges remain in the widespread adoption of smart and sustainable building technologies. High initial costs, concerns about data privacy and cybersecurity, and the complexity of integrating various systems are ongoing issues. There is also a need for standardization in the industry to ensure interoperability between different systems and technologies.
The Global Smart and Sustainable Buildings Market 2025-2035 provides an in-depth analysis of the rapidly evolving global smart and sustainable buildings industry. As urbanization accelerates and environmental concerns intensify, the demand for intelligent, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly buildings is soaring. Key technologies include adaptive facades, smart windows, advanced insulation materials, building automation systems, and energy harvesting solutions. These are expected to see increased adoption as buildings strive to meet sustainability goals and regulatory requirements. Building automation systems form the core of smart buildings, covering HVAC control, lighting management, security, and energy monitoring. AI and machine learning are enhancing these systems, enabling predictive maintenance and efficient resource allocation.
Advanced construction materials such as self-healing concrete and phase change materials are reshaping the industry, improving building performance and durability. Energy efficiency remains crucial, with innovations in thermal and sound insulation, smart HVAC systems, and energy harvesting technologies helping to reduce carbon footprints and meet energy codes. IoT and smart sensors are transforming building management, optimizing performance through occupancy detection, air quality monitoring, and more. Emerging technologies like smart coatings and advanced lighting solutions further enhance building functionality and energy efficiency.
Report contents include:
- Smart building technologies overview
- Smart windows and adaptive facades
- Building automation systems
- Advanced construction materials
- Energy efficiency solutions
- IoT and smart sensors in buildings
- Artificial intelligence in building management
- Smart lighting technologies
- Market forecasts and growth projections
- Competitive landscape analysis. Profiles of over 400 companies including ABB Ltd., AGC Inc., AkzoNobel, Alerton, Argil Inc., BASF SE, Belimo Holding AG, Bosch Security Systems, Bisly Inc., Cambridge Electric Cement, ChromoGenics AB, Cisco Systems Inc., ClearVue Technologies Limited, Control4 Corporation, Crestron Electronics Inc., Daikin Industries Ltd., Delta Controls Inc., EDGE Technologies, Ecobee Inc., EControl-Glas GmbH & Co. KG, Emerson Electric Co., Electrified Thermal Solutions, Gentex Corporation, Google, Guardian Industries, Halio Inc., Hanergy Holding Group Ltd., Heliatek, Honeywell International Inc., Johnson Controls International plc, Kinestral Technologies Inc., KONE Corporation, Legrand SA, Leviton Manufacturing, LG Electronics Inc., Lutron Electronics Co. Inc., Microsoft, Miru, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Nanoco Group Plc, Next Energy Technologies Inc., Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd., Next Sense, OSRAM, Otis Elevator Company, Oxford PV, Panasonic Corporation, Perovskia Solar, Quantum Materials Corporation, Research Frontiers Inc., Renesas, Saint-Gobain, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Schьco International KG, Siemens AG, Saule Technologies, SCHOTT, Somfy, Sunamp Ltd., Tewke, Ubiquitous Energy, Velux Group, View Inc., Ventive, Vitro Architectural Glass, and Zumtobel Group. These companies represent a diverse range of technologies and solutions across the smart and sustainable buildings value chain, from building materials and automation systems to energy management and IoT platforms.
- Regional market insights
- Regulatory and policy impacts
- Future outlook and emerging trends
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 What are Smart Buildings?
1.2 Integration into Smart Cities
1.3 Evolution of Smart Building Technology
1.4 Market Drivers
1.5 Market Challenges
1.6 Market revenues and forecasts, by technology area 2020-2035
1.7 Adaptive facades
1.8 Smart/switchable/dynamic glass or smart windows
1.9 Advanced thermal and sound insulation
1.10 Smart lighting
1.11 Smart coatings
1.12 Energy harvesting
1.13 AI in Smart Buildings
2 SMART WINDOWS
2.1 What is smart glass?
2.2 Market drivers for smart glass
2.3 Smart windows
2.3.1 Controlling light transmission
2.4 Types of smart glass
2.4.1 Passive smart glass
2.4.2 Active smart glass
2.5 Comparison of smart glass technologies
2.6 Nanomaterials in smart glass
2.7 Competitive landscape
2.8 Manufacturers
2.9 Routes to market
2.9.1 Residential and commercial glazing
2.10 Market and technical challenges
2.11 Future of smart glass
2.11.1 Need for innovation
2.11.2 Reducing costs
2.11.3 Integration with building systems/Internet of things (IoT)
2.11.4 Photovoltaic smart glass
2.11.5 Faster switching times
2.12 Advanced materials for smart glass and windows
2.12.1 Electrochromic (EC) smart glass
2.12.1.1 Technology description
2.12.1.2 Materials
2.12.1.2.1 Inorganic metal oxides
2.12.1.2.2 Organic EC materials
2.12.1.2.3 Nanomaterials
2.12.1.3 Benefits
2.12.1.4 Shortcomings
2.12.1.5 Application in residential and commercial windows
2.12.2 Thermochromic smart glass
2.12.2.1 Technology description
2.12.2.2 Benefits
2.12.2.3 Shortcomings
2.12.2.4 Application in residential and commercial windows
2.12.3 Suspended particle device (SPD) smart glass
2.12.3.1 Technology description
2.12.3.2 Benefits
2.12.3.3 Shortcomings
2.12.3.4 Application in residential and commercial windows
2.12.4 Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) smart glass
2.12.4.1 Technology description
2.12.4.2 Types
2.12.4.2.1 Laminated Switchable PDLC Glass
2.12.4.2.2 Self-adhesive Switchable PDLC Film
2.12.4.3 Benefits
2.12.4.4 Shortcomings
2.12.4.5 Application in residential and commercial windows
2.12.4.5.1 Interior glass
2.12.5 Photochromic smart glass
2.12.5.1 Technology analysis
2.12.5.2 Application in residential and commercial windows
2.12.6 Micro-blinds
2.12.6.1 Technology analysis
2.12.6.2 Benefits
2.12.7 Electrokinetic glass
2.12.7.1 Technology analysis
2.12.8 Other advanced glass technologies
2.12.8.1 Graphene smart glass
2.12.8.2 Heat insulation solar glass (HISG)
2.12.8.3 Quantum dot solar glass
2.13 Companies 89 (51 company profiles)
3 BUILDING AUTOMATIONS SYSTEMS (BAS)
3.1 HVAC Control
3.1.1 Smart Thermostats
3.1.2 Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems
3.1.3 Heat Recovery Systems
3.1.4 Demand-Controlled Ventilation
3.2 Lighting Control
3.2.1 Occupancy-Based Lighting
3.2.2 Daylight Harvesting Systems
3.2.3 LED Lighting Control
3.2.4 Color-Tunable Lighting
3.2.5 Wireless Lighting Control Networks
3.3 Security and Access Control
3.3.1 Biometric Access Systems
3.3.2 Video Surveillance
3.3.3 Intrusion Detection Systems
3.3.4 Smart Locks and Keyless Entry
3.3.5 Visitor Management Systems
3.4 Energy Management Systems
3.4.1 Real-Time Energy Monitoring
3.4.2 Energy Analytics and Reporting
3.4.3 Demand Response Systems
3.4.4 Microgrid Integration
3.4.5 Building Energy Modeling and Simulation
3.5 Companies 143 (109 company profiles)
4 ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
4.1 Market drivers
4.2 Concrete additives
4.2.1 Graphene
4.2.2 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
4.2.3 Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)
4.2.4 Cellulose nanofibers
4.2.5 Nanosilica
4.2.6 Nano-titania (TiO2)
4.2.7 Zycosoil
4.2.8 Phase change materials
4.2.9 Self-healing materials
4.2.9.1 Extrinsic self-healing
4.2.9.2 Capsule-based
4.2.9.3 Vascular self-healing
4.2.9.4 Intrinsic self-healing
4.2.9.5 Healing volume
4.2.9.6 Self-healing concrete
4.2.9.6.1 Bioconcrete
4.2.9.6.2 Fibre concrete
4.3 Self-sensing concrete
4.3.1 Filler materials
4.3.2 Applications
4.4 Memory steel
4.5 Biomaterials
4.5.1 Mycelium
4.5.2 Microalgae biocement
4.6 Carbon-negative concrete
4.7 3D Printed Building Components
4.8 Companies 240 (40 company profiles)
5 VIBRATION DAMPING
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 Tuned Mass Dampers
5.1.2 Viscous Dampers
5.1.3 Base Isolation Systems
5.2 Advanced materials for vibration damping
5.2.1 Metamaterials
5.2.2 Shape memory materials
5.2.2.1 Shape memory effect
5.2.2.2 Superelasticity
5.2.2.3 Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) alloys
5.2.2.3.1 Properties
5.2.2.4 Copper-based SMAs
5.2.2.5 Iron-based SMAs
5.2.2.6 Hardened high temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs)
5.2.2.7 Titanium-Tantalum (Ti-Ta)-based alloys
5.2.2.8 Shape-memory polymers
5.2.3 Carbon nanotubes
5.2.4 Magnetorheological fluid (MRF)
5.2.5 Magnetostrictive materials
5.2.6 Piezoelectric ceramics
5.3 Companies 284 (8 company profiles)
6 SMART COATINGS
6.1 Market drivers
6.2 Technologies
6.2.1 Thermal Regulation Coatings
6.2.2 Photocatalytic self-cleaning coatings
6.2.2.1 Glass coatings
6.2.2.2 Exterior coatings
6.2.2.3 Interior coatings
6.2.2.3.1 Medical facilities
6.2.2.3.2 Antimicrobial coating indoor light activation
6.2.3 Hydrophobic coatings
6.2.4 Superhydrophobic surfaces
6.2.4.1 Properties
6.2.5 Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean coatings
6.2.6 Advanced antimicrobial coatings
6.2.6.1 Metallic-based coatings
6.2.6.2 Polymer-based coatings
6.2.6.3 Mode of action
6.2.7 Thermally insulating paint
6.2.8 High reflectance coatings
6.2.9 Self-healing coatings
6.3 Companies 307 (66 company profiles)
7 SMART AIR FILTRATION AND HVAC
7.1 Market drivers
7.2 HEPA and ULPA Filtration
7.3 UV-C Air Purification
7.4 Smart Ventilation Systems
7.5 Demand-controlled Ventilation
7.6 Advanced materials for smart filtration and HVAC
7.6.1 Nanomaterials
7.6.2 Carbon nanotubes
7.6.3 Graphene
7.6.4 Nanofibers
7.6.4.1 Polymer nanofibers
7.6.4.2 Cellulose nanofibers
7.6.5 Nanosilver
7.6.6 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF)
7.6.7 Phase change materials
7.6.8 Nano-TiO2 photocatalyst coatings
7.7 Companies 370 (28 company profiles)
8 THERMAL AND SOUND INSULATION
8.1 Advanced materials for heating and energy efficiency
8.2 Market drivers
8.3 Technologies and Materials
8.3.1 Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIP)
8.3.2 Aerogel Insulation
8.3.2.1 Commercially available aerogels
8.3.2.2 Silica aerogels
8.3.2.2.1 Properties
8.3.2.2.1.1 Thermal conductivity
8.3.2.2.1.2 Mechanical
8.3.2.2.2 Monoliths
8.3.2.2.3 Powder
8.3.2.2.4 Granules
8.3.2.2.5 Blankets
8.3.2.2.6 Aerogel boards
8.3.2.2.7 Aerogel renders
8.3.2.3 Aerogel-like polymer foams
8.3.2.4 Biobased aerogels (bio-aerogels)
8.3.2.4.1 Cellulose aerogels
8.3.2.4.1.1 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels
8.3.2.4.1.2 Cellulose nanocrystal aerogels
8.3.2.4.2 Lignin aerogels
8.3.2.4.3 Alginate aerogels
8.3.2.4.4 Starch aerogels
8.3.2.5 Thermal and sound insulation
8.3.2.6 3D printed aerogels
8.3.3 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF)
8.3.3.1 Heat exchangers for heat pumps
8.3.4 Phase change materials
8.3.4.1 Organic/biobased phase change materials
8.3.4.1.1 Paraffin wax
8.3.4.1.2 Non-Paraffins/Bio-based
8.3.4.2 Inorganic phase change materials
8.3.4.2.1 Salt hydrates
8.3.4.2.2 Metal and metal alloy PCMs (High-temperature)
8.3.4.3 Eutectic mixtures
8.3.4.4 Encapsulation of PCMs
8.3.4.4.1 Macroencapsulation
8.3.4.4.2 Micro/nanoencapsulation
8.3.4.5 Nanomaterial phase change materials
8.3.4.6 PCMS in buildings and construction
8.3.4.6.1 Water heaters
8.3.4.6.2 Thermal batteries for water heaters and EVs
8.3.5 Acoustic Metamaterials
8.3.5.1 Metasurfaces
8.3.5.2 Types of metamaterials
8.3.5.3 Sound insulation
8.3.6 Graphene Insulation
8.3.7 Nanofiber?based insulation material
8.3.7.1 Polymer nanofibers
8.3.7.2 Alumina nanofibers
8.3.8 Green Insulation Materials
8.4 Companies 429 (38 company profiles)
9 BUILDING ENERGY HARVESTING AND GENERATION
9.1 Market drivers
9.2 Technologies
9.2.1 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting
9.2.2 Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting
9.2.3 Kinetic Energy Harvesting
9.2.4 Solar Energy Systems
9.2.4.1 Photovoltaic glazing
9.2.4.2 Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
9.2.4.3 Organic solar cells (OSCs)
9.2.4.4 Perovskite solar cells (PSCs)
9.2.4.5 Quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs)
9.2.4.6 Copper zinc tin sulphide solar cells (CZTS)
9.2.5 Microalgae bioreactive faзades
9.3 Companies 467 (60 company profiles)
10 SMART SENSORS AND IOT
10.1 Market drivers
10.2 Types of smart building sensors
10.3 Applications
10.4 Occupancy Sensors
10.4.1 Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensors
10.4.2 Ultrasonic Sensors
10.4.3 Microwave Sensors
10.4.4 Image Processing Occupancy Sensors
10.4.5 Dual Technology Sensors
10.5 Environmental Sensors
10.5.1 Temperature Sensors
10.5.2 Humidity Sensors
10.5.3 CO2 Sensors
10.5.4 VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) Sensors
10.5.5 Particulate Matter (PM) Sensors
10.5.6 Light Level Sensors
10.6 Structural Health Monitoring Sensors
10.6.1 Vibration Sensors
10.6.2 Strain Gauges
10.6.3 Crack Meters
10.6.4 Tilt Sensors
10.6.5 Corrosion Sensors
10.7 IoT Platforms for Smart Buildings
10.7.1 Cloud-based IoT Platforms
10.7.2 Edge Computing Solutions
10.7.3 IoT Data Analytics Platforms
10.7.4 IoT Security Solutions
10.7.5 IoT Device Management Platforms
10.8 Energy Monitoring Sensors
10.8.1 Power Meters
10.8.2 Current Transformers
10.8.3 Voltage Sensors
10.8.4 Smart Energy Meters
10.9 Water Management Sensors
10.9.1 Water Flow Sensors
10.9.2 Leak Detection Sensors
10.9.3 Water Quality Sensors
10.9.4 Pressure Sensors
10.10 Companies 541 (25 company profiles)
11 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN SMART BUILDINGS
11.1 Predictive Maintenance
11.1.1 Equipment Failure Prediction
11.1.2 Maintenance Scheduling Optimization
11.1.3 Anomaly Detection in Building Systems
11.1.4 Predictive Diagnostics for HVAC Systems
11.2 Energy Optimization Algorithms
11.2.1 Load Forecasting
11.2.2 Energy Consumption Pattern Analysis
11.2.3 Dynamic Energy Pricing Optimization
11.2.4 Renewable Energy Integration Optimization
11.3 Occupant Comfort Management
11.3.1 Personalized Comfort Profiles
11.3.2 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Models
11.3.3 Indoor Air Quality Optimization
11.3.4 Lighting Preference Learning
11.4 Building Performance Analytics
11.4.1 Real-time Performance Monitoring
11.4.2 Benchmarking and Comparative Analysis
11.4.3 Fault Detection and Diagnostics
11.4.4 Energy Performance Simulation and Modeling
11.5 Smart Space Management
11.5.1 Occupancy Pattern Analysis
11.5.2 Space Utilization Optimization
11.5.3 Hot-desking and Workspace Allocation
11.5.4 Meeting Room Scheduling Optimization
11.6 Security and Access Control AI
11.6.1 Facial Recognition Systems
11.6.2 Behavioral Anomaly Detection
11.6.3 Intelligent Video Surveillance
11.6.4 AI-powered Threat Assessment
11.7 Companies 579 (20 company profiles)
12 SMART LIGHTING
12.1 Market drivers
12.2 Advanced materials for smart lighting
12.2.1 LEDs
12.2.2 Organic LEDs (OLEDs)
12.2.3 Quantum dots
12.2.4 Graphene
12.2.5 Sensor-based lighting
12.3 Companies 589 (21 company profiles)
13 APPENDICES
13.1 Aims and objectives of this study
13.2 Research methodology
14 REFERENCES
Tables
Table 1. Market drivers for advanced technologies and materials in smart and sustainable buildings.
Table 2. Market Challenges in smart and sustainable buildings.
Table 3. Summary of adaptive facade technologies and processes.
Table 4. Markets for smart glass and windows.
Table 5: Properties of nanocoatings.
Table 6. Comparison of smart glass and windows types.
Table 7. Market drivers for smart glass.
Table 8. Technologies controlling daylight transmission.
Table 9. Types of passive smart glass.
Table 10. Types of active smart glass.
Table 11. Advantages and disadvantages of respective smart glass technologies.
Table 12. Market structure for smart glass and windows.
Table 13. Manufacturers of smart film and glass, by type.
Table 14. Routes to market for smart glass companies.
Table 15. Technologies for smart windows in buildings.
Table 16. Market and technical challenges for smart glass and windows, by main technology type.
Table 17. Types of electrochromic materials and applications.
Table 18. Market drivers for advanced construction materials.
Table 19. Graphene for concrete and cement.
Table 20. Typical properties of nanosilica.
Table 21. Types of self-healing coatings and materials.
Table 22. Comparative properties of self-healing materials.
Table 23. Types of self-healing concrete.
Table 24. Types of fillers in self-sensing concrete.
Table 25. Applications of self-sensing concrete.
Table 26. Overview of mycelium fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
Table 27. Physical properties of NiTi.
Table 28. Applications of shape memory materials in construction and stage of development.
Table 29. Properties of copper-based shape memory alloys
Table 30. Comparison between the SMAs and SMPs.
Table 31. Market drivers for smart coatings in buildings.
Table 32. Advanced coating applied in the building and construction industry.
Table 33. Contact angles of hydrophilic, super hydrophilic, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces.
Table 34. Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean coatings-Nanomaterials used, principles, properties and applications.
Table 35. Polymer-based coatings for antimicrobial coatings and surfaces.
Table 36. Market drivers for smart air filtration and HVAC.
Table 37. Smart Ventilation Systems.
Table 38. Comparison of CNT membranes with other membrane technologies
Table 39. Market and applications for graphene in filtration.
Table 40. Market assessment for PCMs in building and construction-market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges.
Table 41. Types of thermal insulation materials.
Table 42. Market drivers for advanced materials in thermal and sound insulation.
Table 43. Technologies controlling heat loss from windows, walls and roofs in smart and sustainable buildings.
Table 44. Comparison of VIP with other insulation.
Table 45. Market overview of aerogels in building and construction-market drivers, types of aerogels utilized, motivation for use of aerogels, applications, TRL.
Table 46. General properties and value of aerogels.
Table 47. Commercially available aerogel-enhanced blankets.
Table 48. PCM Types and properties.
Table 49. Advantages and disadvantages of organic PCM Fatty Acids.
Table 50. Advantages and disadvantages of salt hydrates
Table 51. Advantages and disadvantages of low melting point metals.
Table 52. Market assessment for PCMs in building and construction-market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges.
Table 53. Market assessment for PCMs in thermal storage systems-market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges.
Table 54. CrodaTherm Range.
Table 55.Market drivers for advanced materials and technologies in energy harvesting for buildings.
Table 56. Technologies generating electricity in smart buildings.
Table 57. Market drivers for smart sensors for buildings.
Table 58. Types of smart building sensors.
Table 59. Commonly used sensors in smart buildings.
Table 60. Types of flexible humidity sensors.
Table 61. MOF sensor applications.
Table 62. Structural Health Monitoring Sensors.
Table 63. IoT Device Management Platforms.
Table 64: Market drivers for smart lighting in smart and sustainable buildings.
Table 65. QD-LEDs and External quantum efficiencies (EQE).
Table 66. Market and applications for graphene in lighting.
1.1 What are Smart Buildings?
1.2 Integration into Smart Cities
1.3 Evolution of Smart Building Technology
1.4 Market Drivers
1.5 Market Challenges
1.6 Market revenues and forecasts, by technology area 2020-2035
1.7 Adaptive facades
1.8 Smart/switchable/dynamic glass or smart windows
1.9 Advanced thermal and sound insulation
1.10 Smart lighting
1.11 Smart coatings
1.12 Energy harvesting
1.13 AI in Smart Buildings
2 SMART WINDOWS
2.1 What is smart glass?
2.2 Market drivers for smart glass
2.3 Smart windows
2.3.1 Controlling light transmission
2.4 Types of smart glass
2.4.1 Passive smart glass
2.4.2 Active smart glass
2.5 Comparison of smart glass technologies
2.6 Nanomaterials in smart glass
2.7 Competitive landscape
2.8 Manufacturers
2.9 Routes to market
2.9.1 Residential and commercial glazing
2.10 Market and technical challenges
2.11 Future of smart glass
2.11.1 Need for innovation
2.11.2 Reducing costs
2.11.3 Integration with building systems/Internet of things (IoT)
2.11.4 Photovoltaic smart glass
2.11.5 Faster switching times
2.12 Advanced materials for smart glass and windows
2.12.1 Electrochromic (EC) smart glass
2.12.1.1 Technology description
2.12.1.2 Materials
2.12.1.2.1 Inorganic metal oxides
2.12.1.2.2 Organic EC materials
2.12.1.2.3 Nanomaterials
2.12.1.3 Benefits
2.12.1.4 Shortcomings
2.12.1.5 Application in residential and commercial windows
2.12.2 Thermochromic smart glass
2.12.2.1 Technology description
2.12.2.2 Benefits
2.12.2.3 Shortcomings
2.12.2.4 Application in residential and commercial windows
2.12.3 Suspended particle device (SPD) smart glass
2.12.3.1 Technology description
2.12.3.2 Benefits
2.12.3.3 Shortcomings
2.12.3.4 Application in residential and commercial windows
2.12.4 Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) smart glass
2.12.4.1 Technology description
2.12.4.2 Types
2.12.4.2.1 Laminated Switchable PDLC Glass
2.12.4.2.2 Self-adhesive Switchable PDLC Film
2.12.4.3 Benefits
2.12.4.4 Shortcomings
2.12.4.5 Application in residential and commercial windows
2.12.4.5.1 Interior glass
2.12.5 Photochromic smart glass
2.12.5.1 Technology analysis
2.12.5.2 Application in residential and commercial windows
2.12.6 Micro-blinds
2.12.6.1 Technology analysis
2.12.6.2 Benefits
2.12.7 Electrokinetic glass
2.12.7.1 Technology analysis
2.12.8 Other advanced glass technologies
2.12.8.1 Graphene smart glass
2.12.8.2 Heat insulation solar glass (HISG)
2.12.8.3 Quantum dot solar glass
2.13 Companies 89 (51 company profiles)
3 BUILDING AUTOMATIONS SYSTEMS (BAS)
3.1 HVAC Control
3.1.1 Smart Thermostats
3.1.2 Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems
3.1.3 Heat Recovery Systems
3.1.4 Demand-Controlled Ventilation
3.2 Lighting Control
3.2.1 Occupancy-Based Lighting
3.2.2 Daylight Harvesting Systems
3.2.3 LED Lighting Control
3.2.4 Color-Tunable Lighting
3.2.5 Wireless Lighting Control Networks
3.3 Security and Access Control
3.3.1 Biometric Access Systems
3.3.2 Video Surveillance
3.3.3 Intrusion Detection Systems
3.3.4 Smart Locks and Keyless Entry
3.3.5 Visitor Management Systems
3.4 Energy Management Systems
3.4.1 Real-Time Energy Monitoring
3.4.2 Energy Analytics and Reporting
3.4.3 Demand Response Systems
3.4.4 Microgrid Integration
3.4.5 Building Energy Modeling and Simulation
3.5 Companies 143 (109 company profiles)
4 ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
4.1 Market drivers
4.2 Concrete additives
4.2.1 Graphene
4.2.2 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
4.2.3 Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)
4.2.4 Cellulose nanofibers
4.2.5 Nanosilica
4.2.6 Nano-titania (TiO2)
4.2.7 Zycosoil
4.2.8 Phase change materials
4.2.9 Self-healing materials
4.2.9.1 Extrinsic self-healing
4.2.9.2 Capsule-based
4.2.9.3 Vascular self-healing
4.2.9.4 Intrinsic self-healing
4.2.9.5 Healing volume
4.2.9.6 Self-healing concrete
4.2.9.6.1 Bioconcrete
4.2.9.6.2 Fibre concrete
4.3 Self-sensing concrete
4.3.1 Filler materials
4.3.2 Applications
4.4 Memory steel
4.5 Biomaterials
4.5.1 Mycelium
4.5.2 Microalgae biocement
4.6 Carbon-negative concrete
4.7 3D Printed Building Components
4.8 Companies 240 (40 company profiles)
5 VIBRATION DAMPING
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 Tuned Mass Dampers
5.1.2 Viscous Dampers
5.1.3 Base Isolation Systems
5.2 Advanced materials for vibration damping
5.2.1 Metamaterials
5.2.2 Shape memory materials
5.2.2.1 Shape memory effect
5.2.2.2 Superelasticity
5.2.2.3 Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) alloys
5.2.2.3.1 Properties
5.2.2.4 Copper-based SMAs
5.2.2.5 Iron-based SMAs
5.2.2.6 Hardened high temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs)
5.2.2.7 Titanium-Tantalum (Ti-Ta)-based alloys
5.2.2.8 Shape-memory polymers
5.2.3 Carbon nanotubes
5.2.4 Magnetorheological fluid (MRF)
5.2.5 Magnetostrictive materials
5.2.6 Piezoelectric ceramics
5.3 Companies 284 (8 company profiles)
6 SMART COATINGS
6.1 Market drivers
6.2 Technologies
6.2.1 Thermal Regulation Coatings
6.2.2 Photocatalytic self-cleaning coatings
6.2.2.1 Glass coatings
6.2.2.2 Exterior coatings
6.2.2.3 Interior coatings
6.2.2.3.1 Medical facilities
6.2.2.3.2 Antimicrobial coating indoor light activation
6.2.3 Hydrophobic coatings
6.2.4 Superhydrophobic surfaces
6.2.4.1 Properties
6.2.5 Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean coatings
6.2.6 Advanced antimicrobial coatings
6.2.6.1 Metallic-based coatings
6.2.6.2 Polymer-based coatings
6.2.6.3 Mode of action
6.2.7 Thermally insulating paint
6.2.8 High reflectance coatings
6.2.9 Self-healing coatings
6.3 Companies 307 (66 company profiles)
7 SMART AIR FILTRATION AND HVAC
7.1 Market drivers
7.2 HEPA and ULPA Filtration
7.3 UV-C Air Purification
7.4 Smart Ventilation Systems
7.5 Demand-controlled Ventilation
7.6 Advanced materials for smart filtration and HVAC
7.6.1 Nanomaterials
7.6.2 Carbon nanotubes
7.6.3 Graphene
7.6.4 Nanofibers
7.6.4.1 Polymer nanofibers
7.6.4.2 Cellulose nanofibers
7.6.5 Nanosilver
7.6.6 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF)
7.6.7 Phase change materials
7.6.8 Nano-TiO2 photocatalyst coatings
7.7 Companies 370 (28 company profiles)
8 THERMAL AND SOUND INSULATION
8.1 Advanced materials for heating and energy efficiency
8.2 Market drivers
8.3 Technologies and Materials
8.3.1 Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIP)
8.3.2 Aerogel Insulation
8.3.2.1 Commercially available aerogels
8.3.2.2 Silica aerogels
8.3.2.2.1 Properties
8.3.2.2.1.1 Thermal conductivity
8.3.2.2.1.2 Mechanical
8.3.2.2.2 Monoliths
8.3.2.2.3 Powder
8.3.2.2.4 Granules
8.3.2.2.5 Blankets
8.3.2.2.6 Aerogel boards
8.3.2.2.7 Aerogel renders
8.3.2.3 Aerogel-like polymer foams
8.3.2.4 Biobased aerogels (bio-aerogels)
8.3.2.4.1 Cellulose aerogels
8.3.2.4.1.1 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels
8.3.2.4.1.2 Cellulose nanocrystal aerogels
8.3.2.4.2 Lignin aerogels
8.3.2.4.3 Alginate aerogels
8.3.2.4.4 Starch aerogels
8.3.2.5 Thermal and sound insulation
8.3.2.6 3D printed aerogels
8.3.3 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF)
8.3.3.1 Heat exchangers for heat pumps
8.3.4 Phase change materials
8.3.4.1 Organic/biobased phase change materials
8.3.4.1.1 Paraffin wax
8.3.4.1.2 Non-Paraffins/Bio-based
8.3.4.2 Inorganic phase change materials
8.3.4.2.1 Salt hydrates
8.3.4.2.2 Metal and metal alloy PCMs (High-temperature)
8.3.4.3 Eutectic mixtures
8.3.4.4 Encapsulation of PCMs
8.3.4.4.1 Macroencapsulation
8.3.4.4.2 Micro/nanoencapsulation
8.3.4.5 Nanomaterial phase change materials
8.3.4.6 PCMS in buildings and construction
8.3.4.6.1 Water heaters
8.3.4.6.2 Thermal batteries for water heaters and EVs
8.3.5 Acoustic Metamaterials
8.3.5.1 Metasurfaces
8.3.5.2 Types of metamaterials
8.3.5.3 Sound insulation
8.3.6 Graphene Insulation
8.3.7 Nanofiber?based insulation material
8.3.7.1 Polymer nanofibers
8.3.7.2 Alumina nanofibers
8.3.8 Green Insulation Materials
8.4 Companies 429 (38 company profiles)
9 BUILDING ENERGY HARVESTING AND GENERATION
9.1 Market drivers
9.2 Technologies
9.2.1 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting
9.2.2 Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting
9.2.3 Kinetic Energy Harvesting
9.2.4 Solar Energy Systems
9.2.4.1 Photovoltaic glazing
9.2.4.2 Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
9.2.4.3 Organic solar cells (OSCs)
9.2.4.4 Perovskite solar cells (PSCs)
9.2.4.5 Quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs)
9.2.4.6 Copper zinc tin sulphide solar cells (CZTS)
9.2.5 Microalgae bioreactive faзades
9.3 Companies 467 (60 company profiles)
10 SMART SENSORS AND IOT
10.1 Market drivers
10.2 Types of smart building sensors
10.3 Applications
10.4 Occupancy Sensors
10.4.1 Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensors
10.4.2 Ultrasonic Sensors
10.4.3 Microwave Sensors
10.4.4 Image Processing Occupancy Sensors
10.4.5 Dual Technology Sensors
10.5 Environmental Sensors
10.5.1 Temperature Sensors
10.5.2 Humidity Sensors
10.5.3 CO2 Sensors
10.5.4 VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) Sensors
10.5.5 Particulate Matter (PM) Sensors
10.5.6 Light Level Sensors
10.6 Structural Health Monitoring Sensors
10.6.1 Vibration Sensors
10.6.2 Strain Gauges
10.6.3 Crack Meters
10.6.4 Tilt Sensors
10.6.5 Corrosion Sensors
10.7 IoT Platforms for Smart Buildings
10.7.1 Cloud-based IoT Platforms
10.7.2 Edge Computing Solutions
10.7.3 IoT Data Analytics Platforms
10.7.4 IoT Security Solutions
10.7.5 IoT Device Management Platforms
10.8 Energy Monitoring Sensors
10.8.1 Power Meters
10.8.2 Current Transformers
10.8.3 Voltage Sensors
10.8.4 Smart Energy Meters
10.9 Water Management Sensors
10.9.1 Water Flow Sensors
10.9.2 Leak Detection Sensors
10.9.3 Water Quality Sensors
10.9.4 Pressure Sensors
10.10 Companies 541 (25 company profiles)
11 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN SMART BUILDINGS
11.1 Predictive Maintenance
11.1.1 Equipment Failure Prediction
11.1.2 Maintenance Scheduling Optimization
11.1.3 Anomaly Detection in Building Systems
11.1.4 Predictive Diagnostics for HVAC Systems
11.2 Energy Optimization Algorithms
11.2.1 Load Forecasting
11.2.2 Energy Consumption Pattern Analysis
11.2.3 Dynamic Energy Pricing Optimization
11.2.4 Renewable Energy Integration Optimization
11.3 Occupant Comfort Management
11.3.1 Personalized Comfort Profiles
11.3.2 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Models
11.3.3 Indoor Air Quality Optimization
11.3.4 Lighting Preference Learning
11.4 Building Performance Analytics
11.4.1 Real-time Performance Monitoring
11.4.2 Benchmarking and Comparative Analysis
11.4.3 Fault Detection and Diagnostics
11.4.4 Energy Performance Simulation and Modeling
11.5 Smart Space Management
11.5.1 Occupancy Pattern Analysis
11.5.2 Space Utilization Optimization
11.5.3 Hot-desking and Workspace Allocation
11.5.4 Meeting Room Scheduling Optimization
11.6 Security and Access Control AI
11.6.1 Facial Recognition Systems
11.6.2 Behavioral Anomaly Detection
11.6.3 Intelligent Video Surveillance
11.6.4 AI-powered Threat Assessment
11.7 Companies 579 (20 company profiles)
12 SMART LIGHTING
12.1 Market drivers
12.2 Advanced materials for smart lighting
12.2.1 LEDs
12.2.2 Organic LEDs (OLEDs)
12.2.3 Quantum dots
12.2.4 Graphene
12.2.5 Sensor-based lighting
12.3 Companies 589 (21 company profiles)
13 APPENDICES
13.1 Aims and objectives of this study
13.2 Research methodology
14 REFERENCES
Tables
Table 1. Market drivers for advanced technologies and materials in smart and sustainable buildings.
Table 2. Market Challenges in smart and sustainable buildings.
Table 3. Summary of adaptive facade technologies and processes.
Table 4. Markets for smart glass and windows.
Table 5: Properties of nanocoatings.
Table 6. Comparison of smart glass and windows types.
Table 7. Market drivers for smart glass.
Table 8. Technologies controlling daylight transmission.
Table 9. Types of passive smart glass.
Table 10. Types of active smart glass.
Table 11. Advantages and disadvantages of respective smart glass technologies.
Table 12. Market structure for smart glass and windows.
Table 13. Manufacturers of smart film and glass, by type.
Table 14. Routes to market for smart glass companies.
Table 15. Technologies for smart windows in buildings.
Table 16. Market and technical challenges for smart glass and windows, by main technology type.
Table 17. Types of electrochromic materials and applications.
Table 18. Market drivers for advanced construction materials.
Table 19. Graphene for concrete and cement.
Table 20. Typical properties of nanosilica.
Table 21. Types of self-healing coatings and materials.
Table 22. Comparative properties of self-healing materials.
Table 23. Types of self-healing concrete.
Table 24. Types of fillers in self-sensing concrete.
Table 25. Applications of self-sensing concrete.
Table 26. Overview of mycelium fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
Table 27. Physical properties of NiTi.
Table 28. Applications of shape memory materials in construction and stage of development.
Table 29. Properties of copper-based shape memory alloys
Table 30. Comparison between the SMAs and SMPs.
Table 31. Market drivers for smart coatings in buildings.
Table 32. Advanced coating applied in the building and construction industry.
Table 33. Contact angles of hydrophilic, super hydrophilic, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces.
Table 34. Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean coatings-Nanomaterials used, principles, properties and applications.
Table 35. Polymer-based coatings for antimicrobial coatings and surfaces.
Table 36. Market drivers for smart air filtration and HVAC.
Table 37. Smart Ventilation Systems.
Table 38. Comparison of CNT membranes with other membrane technologies
Table 39. Market and applications for graphene in filtration.
Table 40. Market assessment for PCMs in building and construction-market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges.
Table 41. Types of thermal insulation materials.
Table 42. Market drivers for advanced materials in thermal and sound insulation.
Table 43. Technologies controlling heat loss from windows, walls and roofs in smart and sustainable buildings.
Table 44. Comparison of VIP with other insulation.
Table 45. Market overview of aerogels in building and construction-market drivers, types of aerogels utilized, motivation for use of aerogels, applications, TRL.
Table 46. General properties and value of aerogels.
Table 47. Commercially available aerogel-enhanced blankets.
Table 48. PCM Types and properties.
Table 49. Advantages and disadvantages of organic PCM Fatty Acids.
Table 50. Advantages and disadvantages of salt hydrates
Table 51. Advantages and disadvantages of low melting point metals.
Table 52. Market assessment for PCMs in building and construction-market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges.
Table 53. Market assessment for PCMs in thermal storage systems-market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges.
Table 54. CrodaTherm Range.
Table 55.Market drivers for advanced materials and technologies in energy harvesting for buildings.
Table 56. Technologies generating electricity in smart buildings.
Table 57. Market drivers for smart sensors for buildings.
Table 58. Types of smart building sensors.
Table 59. Commonly used sensors in smart buildings.
Table 60. Types of flexible humidity sensors.
Table 61. MOF sensor applications.
Table 62. Structural Health Monitoring Sensors.
Table 63. IoT Device Management Platforms.
Table 64: Market drivers for smart lighting in smart and sustainable buildings.
Table 65. QD-LEDs and External quantum efficiencies (EQE).
Table 66. Market and applications for graphene in lighting.
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Evolution of Smart Building Technology.
Figure 2. Global market revenues for smart buildings, by technology areas, 2018-2033 (Millions USD).
Figure 3. Productivity and comfort gains achieved through window and ventilation technologies.
Figure 4. SLENTEX® thermal insulation.
Figure 5. Energy harvesting technologies.
Figure 6. Energy harvesting solutions in smart buildings.
Figure 7. Nanocrystal smart glass that can switch between fully transparent, heat-blocking, and light-and-heat-blocking modes.
Figure 8. Typical setup of an electrochromic device (ECD).
Figure 9. Electrochromic smart glass schematic.
Figure 10. Electrochromic smart glass.
Figure 11. Examples of electrochromic smart windows each in fully coloured (left) and bleached state (right).
Figure 14. Thermochromic smart windows schematic.
Figure 15. Vertical insulated glass unit for a Suntuitive® thermochromic window.
Figure 16. SPD smart windows schematic.
Figure 17. SPD film lamination.
Figure 18. SPD smart film schematic. Control the transmittance of light and glare by adjusting AC voltage to the SPD Film.
Figure 21. PDLC schematic.
Figure 22. Schematic of PDLC film and self-adhesive PDLC film.
Figure 23. Smart glass made with polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) technology.
Figure 29. Micro-blinds schematic.
Figure 30. Cross-section of Electro Kinetic Film.
Figure 31. Schematic of HISG.
Figure 32. UbiQD PV windows.
Figure 12. Argil smart glass for buildings.
Figure 13. CoverLight by Chromogenics.
Figure 19. SPD film glass installation at Indiana University.
Figure 20. Schematic of Cromalite SPD film.
Figure 24. e-Tint® cell in the (a) OFF and in the (b) ON states.
Figure 25. Bestroom Smart VU film.
Figure 26. Schematic of Magic Glass.
Figure 27. Application of Magic Glass in office.
Figure 28. Installation schematic of Magic Glass.
Figure 33. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete.
Figure 34. MWCNTS in concrete and cement.
Figure 35. SWCNTS in concrete and cement.
Figure 36. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in concrete and cement additives.
Figure 37. SEM micrographs of plain (A) and nano-silica modified cement paste (B).
Figure 38. Schematic of photocatalytic air purifying pavement.
Figure 39. Applicaiton of Zycosil in concrete.
Figure 40. Phase change materials for thermal energy storage in concrete.
Figure 41. Schematic of self-healing polymers. Capsule based (a), vascular (b), and intrinsic (c) schemes for self-healing materials. Red and blue colours indicate chemical species which react (purple) to heal damage.
Figure 42. Stages of self-healing mechanism.
Figure 43. Schematic of the self-healing concept using microcapsules with a healing agent inside.
Figure 44. Self-healing mechanism in vascular self-healing systems.
Figure 45. Comparison of self-healing systems.
Figure 46. Self-healing bacteria crack filler for concrete.
Figure 47. Self-healing concrete test study with cracked concrete (left) and self-healed concrete after 28 days (right).
Figure 48. Self-healing concrete.
Figure 49. Self-sensing concrete schematic.
Figure 50. Memory-steel reinforcement bars.
Figure 51. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam.
Figure 52. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials.
Figure 53. Microalgae based biocement masonry bloc.
Figure 54. Graphene asphalt additives.
Figure 55. OG (Original Graphene) Concrete Admix Plus.
Figure 56. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint.
Figure 57. Metamaterials example structures.
Figure 58. Metamaterial schematic versus conventional materials.
Figure 59. Robotic metamaterial device for seismic-induced vibration mitigation.
Figure 60. Histeresys cycle for Superelastic and shape memory material.
Figure 61. Shape memory effect.
Figure 62. Superelasticity Elastic Property.
Figure 63. Stress x Strain diagram.
Figure 64. Shape memory pipe joint.
Figure 65. The molecular mechanism of the shape memory effect under different stimuli.
Figure 66. Cabkoma strand rod.
Figure 67. Viscoelastic coupling damper.
Figure 68. Schematic of dry-cooling technology.
Figure 69. Mechanism of photocatalysis on a surface treated with TiO2 nanoparticles.
Figure 70. Schematic showing the self-cleaning phenomena on superhydrophilic surface.
Figure 71. Titanium dioxide-coated glass (left) and ordinary glass (right).
Figure 72. Schematic of photocatalytic air purifying pavement.
Figure 73. Self-Cleaning mechanism utilizing photooxidation.
Figure 74. (a) Water drops on a lotus leaf.
Figure 75. Self-cleaning superhydrophobic coating schematic.
Figure 76. Contact angle on superhydrophobic coated surface.
Figure 77. Antibacterial mechanisms of metal and metallic oxide nanoparticles.
Figure 78. GermStopSQ mechanism of action.
Figure 79. NOx reduction with TioCem®.
Figure 80. Quartzene®.
Figure 81. V-CAT® photocatalyst mechanism.
Figure 82. Applications of Titanystar.
Figure 83. Capture mechanism for MOFs toward air pollutants.
Figure 84. Schematic of photocatalytic indoor air purification filter.
Figure 85. Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) air filter.
Figure 86. Schematic indoor air filtration.
Figure 87: CNF gel.
Figure 88: Block nanocellulose material.
Figure 89. Mosaic Materials MOFs.
Figure 90. MOF-based cartridge (purple) added to an existing air conditioner.
Figure 91. Global energy consumption growth of buildings.
Figure 92. Energy consumption of residential building sector.
Figure 93. Vacuum Insulation Panel (VIP).
Figure 94. Main characteristics of aerogel type materials.
Figure 95. Classification of aerogels.
Figure 96. Flower resting on a piece of silica aerogel suspended in mid air by the flame of a bunsen burner.
Figure 97. Monolithic aerogel.
Figure 98. Aerogel granules.
Figure 99. Internal aerogel granule applications.
Figure 100. Fabrication routes for starch-based aerogels.
Figure 101. Aerogel construction applications.
Figure 102. Commonly employed printing technologies for aerogels.
Figure 103. Schematic for direct ink writing of silica aerogels.
Figure 104. 3D printed aerogel.
Figure 105. MOF-coated heat exchanger.
Figure 106. Classification of PCMs.
Figure 107. Phase-change materials in their original states.
Figure 108. Schematic of PCM use in buildings.
Figure 109. Comparison of the maximum energy storage capacity of 10 mm thickness of different building materials operating between 18 °C and 26 °C for 24 h.
Figure 110. Schematic of PCM in storage tank linked to solar collector.
Figure 111. UniQ line of thermal batteries.
Figure 112. Metamaterials example structures.
Figure 113. Metamaterial schematic versus conventional materials.
Figure 114. Prototype metamaterial device used in acoustic sound insulation.
Figure 115. Metamaterials installed in HVAC sound insulation the Hotel Madera Hong Kong.
Figure 116. Graphene aerogel.
Figure 117. TE module schematic.
Figure 118. Utilization of TE materials in exterior walls for energy generation, heating and cooling.
Figure 119. The Sun Rock building, Taiwan.
Figure 120. Photovoltaic solar cells.
Figure 121. Classification of BIPV products.
Figure 122. BIQ House in Hamburg.
Figure 123. Photo.Synth.Etica curtain.
Figure 124. Hikari building incorporating SunEwat Square solar glazing.
Figure 125. Elegante solar glass panel.
Figure 126. Certainteed Apollo-2 solar shingles roof.
Figure 127. Triple insulated glass unit for the Stadtwerke Konstanz energy cube in Germany.
Figure 128. Moscow building incorporating Hevel's BIPV product.
Figure 129. Mitrex solar faзade layers.
Figure 130. Solar Brick by Mitrex
Figure 131. QDSSC Module.
Figure 132. DragonScales technology.
Figure 133. Photovoltaic integration in faзade at the Gioia 22 skyscraper, in Milan.
Figure 134. S6 flexible solar module.
Figure 135. Ubiquitous Energy windows installed at the Boulder Commons in Colorado.
Figure 136. Use of sensors in smart buildings.
Figure 137. Sensor surface.
Figure 138. Printed moisture sensors.
Figure 139. Fourth generation QD-LEDs.
Figure 140. Applications of graphene in lighting.
Figure 141. Graphene LED bulbs.
Figure 142. iOLED film light source.
Figure 1. Evolution of Smart Building Technology.
Figure 2. Global market revenues for smart buildings, by technology areas, 2018-2033 (Millions USD).
Figure 3. Productivity and comfort gains achieved through window and ventilation technologies.
Figure 4. SLENTEX® thermal insulation.
Figure 5. Energy harvesting technologies.
Figure 6. Energy harvesting solutions in smart buildings.
Figure 7. Nanocrystal smart glass that can switch between fully transparent, heat-blocking, and light-and-heat-blocking modes.
Figure 8. Typical setup of an electrochromic device (ECD).
Figure 9. Electrochromic smart glass schematic.
Figure 10. Electrochromic smart glass.
Figure 11. Examples of electrochromic smart windows each in fully coloured (left) and bleached state (right).
Figure 14. Thermochromic smart windows schematic.
Figure 15. Vertical insulated glass unit for a Suntuitive® thermochromic window.
Figure 16. SPD smart windows schematic.
Figure 17. SPD film lamination.
Figure 18. SPD smart film schematic. Control the transmittance of light and glare by adjusting AC voltage to the SPD Film.
Figure 21. PDLC schematic.
Figure 22. Schematic of PDLC film and self-adhesive PDLC film.
Figure 23. Smart glass made with polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) technology.
Figure 29. Micro-blinds schematic.
Figure 30. Cross-section of Electro Kinetic Film.
Figure 31. Schematic of HISG.
Figure 32. UbiQD PV windows.
Figure 12. Argil smart glass for buildings.
Figure 13. CoverLight by Chromogenics.
Figure 19. SPD film glass installation at Indiana University.
Figure 20. Schematic of Cromalite SPD film.
Figure 24. e-Tint® cell in the (a) OFF and in the (b) ON states.
Figure 25. Bestroom Smart VU film.
Figure 26. Schematic of Magic Glass.
Figure 27. Application of Magic Glass in office.
Figure 28. Installation schematic of Magic Glass.
Figure 33. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete.
Figure 34. MWCNTS in concrete and cement.
Figure 35. SWCNTS in concrete and cement.
Figure 36. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in concrete and cement additives.
Figure 37. SEM micrographs of plain (A) and nano-silica modified cement paste (B).
Figure 38. Schematic of photocatalytic air purifying pavement.
Figure 39. Applicaiton of Zycosil in concrete.
Figure 40. Phase change materials for thermal energy storage in concrete.
Figure 41. Schematic of self-healing polymers. Capsule based (a), vascular (b), and intrinsic (c) schemes for self-healing materials. Red and blue colours indicate chemical species which react (purple) to heal damage.
Figure 42. Stages of self-healing mechanism.
Figure 43. Schematic of the self-healing concept using microcapsules with a healing agent inside.
Figure 44. Self-healing mechanism in vascular self-healing systems.
Figure 45. Comparison of self-healing systems.
Figure 46. Self-healing bacteria crack filler for concrete.
Figure 47. Self-healing concrete test study with cracked concrete (left) and self-healed concrete after 28 days (right).
Figure 48. Self-healing concrete.
Figure 49. Self-sensing concrete schematic.
Figure 50. Memory-steel reinforcement bars.
Figure 51. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam.
Figure 52. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials.
Figure 53. Microalgae based biocement masonry bloc.
Figure 54. Graphene asphalt additives.
Figure 55. OG (Original Graphene) Concrete Admix Plus.
Figure 56. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint.
Figure 57. Metamaterials example structures.
Figure 58. Metamaterial schematic versus conventional materials.
Figure 59. Robotic metamaterial device for seismic-induced vibration mitigation.
Figure 60. Histeresys cycle for Superelastic and shape memory material.
Figure 61. Shape memory effect.
Figure 62. Superelasticity Elastic Property.
Figure 63. Stress x Strain diagram.
Figure 64. Shape memory pipe joint.
Figure 65. The molecular mechanism of the shape memory effect under different stimuli.
Figure 66. Cabkoma strand rod.
Figure 67. Viscoelastic coupling damper.
Figure 68. Schematic of dry-cooling technology.
Figure 69. Mechanism of photocatalysis on a surface treated with TiO2 nanoparticles.
Figure 70. Schematic showing the self-cleaning phenomena on superhydrophilic surface.
Figure 71. Titanium dioxide-coated glass (left) and ordinary glass (right).
Figure 72. Schematic of photocatalytic air purifying pavement.
Figure 73. Self-Cleaning mechanism utilizing photooxidation.
Figure 74. (a) Water drops on a lotus leaf.
Figure 75. Self-cleaning superhydrophobic coating schematic.
Figure 76. Contact angle on superhydrophobic coated surface.
Figure 77. Antibacterial mechanisms of metal and metallic oxide nanoparticles.
Figure 78. GermStopSQ mechanism of action.
Figure 79. NOx reduction with TioCem®.
Figure 80. Quartzene®.
Figure 81. V-CAT® photocatalyst mechanism.
Figure 82. Applications of Titanystar.
Figure 83. Capture mechanism for MOFs toward air pollutants.
Figure 84. Schematic of photocatalytic indoor air purification filter.
Figure 85. Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) air filter.
Figure 86. Schematic indoor air filtration.
Figure 87: CNF gel.
Figure 88: Block nanocellulose material.
Figure 89. Mosaic Materials MOFs.
Figure 90. MOF-based cartridge (purple) added to an existing air conditioner.
Figure 91. Global energy consumption growth of buildings.
Figure 92. Energy consumption of residential building sector.
Figure 93. Vacuum Insulation Panel (VIP).
Figure 94. Main characteristics of aerogel type materials.
Figure 95. Classification of aerogels.
Figure 96. Flower resting on a piece of silica aerogel suspended in mid air by the flame of a bunsen burner.
Figure 97. Monolithic aerogel.
Figure 98. Aerogel granules.
Figure 99. Internal aerogel granule applications.
Figure 100. Fabrication routes for starch-based aerogels.
Figure 101. Aerogel construction applications.
Figure 102. Commonly employed printing technologies for aerogels.
Figure 103. Schematic for direct ink writing of silica aerogels.
Figure 104. 3D printed aerogel.
Figure 105. MOF-coated heat exchanger.
Figure 106. Classification of PCMs.
Figure 107. Phase-change materials in their original states.
Figure 108. Schematic of PCM use in buildings.
Figure 109. Comparison of the maximum energy storage capacity of 10 mm thickness of different building materials operating between 18 °C and 26 °C for 24 h.
Figure 110. Schematic of PCM in storage tank linked to solar collector.
Figure 111. UniQ line of thermal batteries.
Figure 112. Metamaterials example structures.
Figure 113. Metamaterial schematic versus conventional materials.
Figure 114. Prototype metamaterial device used in acoustic sound insulation.
Figure 115. Metamaterials installed in HVAC sound insulation the Hotel Madera Hong Kong.
Figure 116. Graphene aerogel.
Figure 117. TE module schematic.
Figure 118. Utilization of TE materials in exterior walls for energy generation, heating and cooling.
Figure 119. The Sun Rock building, Taiwan.
Figure 120. Photovoltaic solar cells.
Figure 121. Classification of BIPV products.
Figure 122. BIQ House in Hamburg.
Figure 123. Photo.Synth.Etica curtain.
Figure 124. Hikari building incorporating SunEwat Square solar glazing.
Figure 125. Elegante solar glass panel.
Figure 126. Certainteed Apollo-2 solar shingles roof.
Figure 127. Triple insulated glass unit for the Stadtwerke Konstanz energy cube in Germany.
Figure 128. Moscow building incorporating Hevel's BIPV product.
Figure 129. Mitrex solar faзade layers.
Figure 130. Solar Brick by Mitrex
Figure 131. QDSSC Module.
Figure 132. DragonScales technology.
Figure 133. Photovoltaic integration in faзade at the Gioia 22 skyscraper, in Milan.
Figure 134. S6 flexible solar module.
Figure 135. Ubiquitous Energy windows installed at the Boulder Commons in Colorado.
Figure 136. Use of sensors in smart buildings.
Figure 137. Sensor surface.
Figure 138. Printed moisture sensors.
Figure 139. Fourth generation QD-LEDs.
Figure 140. Applications of graphene in lighting.
Figure 141. Graphene LED bulbs.
Figure 142. iOLED film light source.
