2026-2031 Global Fire Truck Outlook Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Player, Type, Application and Region
HNY Research projects that the Fire Truck market size will grow from 7638.69 Million USD in 2025 to 9363.28 Million USD by 2031, at an estimated CAGR of 3.45%. The base year considered for the study is 2025, and the market size is projected from 2026 to 2031.
For 2025 regional market size, the North America market size was 1799.68 Million USD, the Europe market size was 1134.35 Million USD, and the Asia market size was 1773.7 Million USD.
This report presents a detailed and holistic analysis of the global Fire Truck market. It integrates quantitative data with qualitative insights to equip readers with the necessary information for strategic planning, competitive assessment, market positioning, and data-driven decision-making.
All market sizes, estimates, and forecasts are expressed in terms of output/shipments and revenue. With 2025 serving as the base year, the report provides historical context from 2020. and projections up to 2031. It includes a complete segmentation of the global market, along with regional market sizes analyzed by type, application, and key industry participants.
Further enriching the analysis, the report outlines the competitive environment, offering profiles of prominent players and their market standings. It also explores key technological advancements and recent developments in product offerings.
Ultimately, this report serves as a vital resource for Fire Truck manufacturers, prospective entrants, and other stakeholders within the industry value chain. It supplies comprehensive data on revenues, production, and average pricing for the overall market and its sub-segments, detailed by company, product type, application, and geographic region.
By Market Players:
Oshkosh
Rosenbauer
REV Group
MORITA
CIMC TIANDA
Magirus
Desautel
Zhongzhuo
SANY Group
ZOOMLION
Yongqiang Vehicles
XCMG
Hyundai Everdigm
Tianhe
Jieda Fire-protection
By Type
Conventional Fire Truck
Elevating Fire Truck
Special Fire Truck
By Application
Municipal
Industrial
Airport
By Regions/Countries:
North America
East Asia
Europe
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Middle East
Africa
Oceania
South America
Points Covered in The Report
For 2025 regional market size, the North America market size was 1799.68 Million USD, the Europe market size was 1134.35 Million USD, and the Asia market size was 1773.7 Million USD.
This report presents a detailed and holistic analysis of the global Fire Truck market. It integrates quantitative data with qualitative insights to equip readers with the necessary information for strategic planning, competitive assessment, market positioning, and data-driven decision-making.
All market sizes, estimates, and forecasts are expressed in terms of output/shipments and revenue. With 2025 serving as the base year, the report provides historical context from 2020. and projections up to 2031. It includes a complete segmentation of the global market, along with regional market sizes analyzed by type, application, and key industry participants.
Further enriching the analysis, the report outlines the competitive environment, offering profiles of prominent players and their market standings. It also explores key technological advancements and recent developments in product offerings.
Ultimately, this report serves as a vital resource for Fire Truck manufacturers, prospective entrants, and other stakeholders within the industry value chain. It supplies comprehensive data on revenues, production, and average pricing for the overall market and its sub-segments, detailed by company, product type, application, and geographic region.
By Market Players:
Oshkosh
Rosenbauer
REV Group
MORITA
CIMC TIANDA
Magirus
Desautel
Zhongzhuo
SANY Group
ZOOMLION
Yongqiang Vehicles
XCMG
Hyundai Everdigm
Tianhe
Jieda Fire-protection
By Type
Conventional Fire Truck
Elevating Fire Truck
Special Fire Truck
By Application
Municipal
Industrial
Airport
By Regions/Countries:
North America
East Asia
Europe
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Middle East
Africa
Oceania
South America
Points Covered in The Report
- The points that are discussed within the report are the major market players that are involved in the market such as market players, raw material suppliers, equipment suppliers, end users, traders, distributors and etc.
- The complete profile of the companies is mentioned. And the capacity, production, price, revenue, cost, gross, gross margin, sales volume, sales revenue, consumption, growth rate, import, export, supply, future strategies, and the technological developments that they are making are also included within the report. This report analyzed 12 years data history and forecast.
- The growth factors of the market is discussed in detail wherein the different end users of the market are explained in detail.
- Data and information by market player, by region, by type, by application and etc, and custom research can be added according to specific requirements.
- The report contains the SWOT analysis of the market. Finally, the report contains the conclusion part where the opinions of the industrial experts are included.
- To gain insightful analyses of the market and have comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape.
- Assess the production processes, major issues, and solutions to mitigate the development risk.
- To understand the most affecting driving and restraining forces in the market and its impact in the global market.
- Learn about the market strategies that are being adopted by leading respective organizations.
- To understand the future outlook and prospects for the market.
- Besides the standard structure reports, we also provide custom research according to specific requirements.
1 REPORT OVERVIEW
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Fire Truck Revenue
1.4 Market Analysis by Type
1.4.1 Global Fire Truck Market Size Growth Rate by Type: 2026-2031
1.4.2 Conventional Fire Truck
1.4.3 Elevating Fire Truck
1.4.4 Special Fire Truck
1.5 Market by Application
1.5.1 Global Fire Truck Market Share by Application: 2026-2031
1.5.2 Municipal
1.5.3 Industrial
1.5.4 Airport
1.6 Study Objectives
1.7 Overview of Global Fire Truck Market
1.7.1 Global Fire Truck Market Status and Outlook (2020-2031)
1.7.2 North America
1.7.3 East Asia
1.7.4 Europe
1.7.5 South Asia
1.7.6 Southeast Asia
1.7.7 Middle East
1.7.8 Africa
1.7.9 Oceania
1.7.10 South America
1.7.11 Rest of the World
2 MANUFACTURING COST STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
2.1 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Fire Truck
2.2 Industry Chain Structure of Fire Truck
3 MARKET COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS
3.1 Global Fire Truck Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
3.2 Global Fire Truck Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
3.3 Global Fire Truck Average Price by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
4 FIRE TRUCK REGIONAL MARKET ANALYSIS
4.1 Fire Truck Production by Regions
4.1.1 Global Fire Truck Production by Regions (2020-2025)
4.1.2 Global Fire Truck Revenue by Regions
4.2 Fire Truck Consumption by Regions
4.3 North America Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.3.1 North America Fire Truck Production
4.3.2 North America Fire Truck Revenue
4.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
4.3.4 North America Fire Truck Import and Export
4.4 East Asia Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.4.1 East Asia Fire Truck Production
4.4.2 East Asia Fire Truck Revenue
4.4.3 Key Manufacturers in East Asia
4.4.4 East Asia Fire Truck Import & Export
4.5 Europe Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.5.1 Europe Fire Truck Production
4.5.2 Europe Fire Truck Revenue
4.5.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
4.5.4 Europe Fire Truck Import & Export
4.6 South Asia Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.6.1 South Asia Fire Truck Production
4.6.2 South Asia Fire Truck Revenue
4.6.3 Key Manufacturers in South Asia
4.6.4 South Asia Fire Truck Import & Export
4.7 Southeast Asia Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.7.1 Southeast Asia Fire Truck Production
4.7.2 Southeast Asia Fire Truck Revenue
4.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
4.7.4 Southeast Asia Fire Truck Import & Export
4.8 Middle East Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.8.1 Middle East Fire Truck Production
4.8.2 Middle East Fire Truck Revenue
4.8.3 Key Manufacturers in Middle East
4.8.4 Middle East Fire Truck Import & Export
4.9 Africa Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.9.1 Africa Fire Truck Production
4.9.2 Africa Fire Truck Revenue
4.9.3 Key Manufacturers in Africa
4.9.4 Africa Fire Truck Import & Export
4.10 Oceania Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.10.1 Oceania Fire Truck Production
4.10.2 Oceania Fire Truck Revenue
4.10.3 Key Manufacturers in Oceania
4.10.4 Oceania Fire Truck Import & Export
4.11 South America Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.11.1 South America Fire Truck Production
4.11.2 South America Fire Truck Revenue
4.11.3 Key Manufacturers in South America
4.11.4 South America Fire Truck Import & Export
5 FIRE TRUCK SALES MARKET BY TYPE (2020-2031)
5.1 Global Fire Truck Historic Market Size by Type (2020-2025)
5.2 Global Fire Truck Forecasted Market Size by Type (2026-2031)
6 FIRE TRUCK CONSUMPTION MARKET BY APPLICATION(2020-2031)
6.1 Global Fire Truck Historic Market Size by Application (2020-2025)
6.2 Global Fire Truck Forecasted Market Size by Application (2026-2031)
7 COMPANY PROFILES AND KEY FIGURES IN FIRE TRUCK BUSINESS
7.1 Oshkosh
7.1.1 Oshkosh Company Profile
7.1.2 Oshkosh Fire Truck Product Specification
7.1.3 Oshkosh Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.2 Rosenbauer
7.2.1 Rosenbauer Company Profile
7.2.2 Rosenbauer Fire Truck Product Specification
7.2.3 Rosenbauer Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.3 REV Group
7.3.1 REV Group Company Profile
7.3.2 REV Group Fire Truck Product Specification
7.3.3 REV Group Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.4 MORITA
7.4.1 MORITA Company Profile
7.4.2 MORITA Fire Truck Product Specification
7.4.3 MORITA Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.5 CIMC TIANDA
7.5.1 CIMC TIANDA Company Profile
7.5.2 CIMC TIANDA Fire Truck Product Specification
7.5.3 CIMC TIANDA Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.6 Magirus
7.6.1 Magirus Company Profile
7.6.2 Magirus Fire Truck Product Specification
7.6.3 Magirus Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.7 Desautel
7.7.1 Desautel Company Profile
7.7.2 Desautel Fire Truck Product Specification
7.7.3 Desautel Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.8 Zhongzhuo
7.8.1 Zhongzhuo Company Profile
7.8.2 Zhongzhuo Fire Truck Product Specification
7.8.3 Zhongzhuo Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.9 SANY Group
7.9.1 SANY Group Company Profile
7.9.2 SANY Group Fire Truck Product Specification
7.9.3 SANY Group Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.10 ZOOMLION
7.10.1 ZOOMLION Company Profile
7.10.2 ZOOMLION Fire Truck Product Specification
7.10.3 ZOOMLION Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.11 Yongqiang Vehicles
7.11.1 Yongqiang Vehicles Company Profile
7.11.2 Yongqiang Vehicles Fire Truck Product Specification
7.11.3 Yongqiang Vehicles Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.12 XCMG
7.12.1 XCMG Company Profile
7.12.2 XCMG Fire Truck Product Specification
7.12.3 XCMG Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.13 Hyundai Everdigm
7.13.1 Hyundai Everdigm Company Profile
7.13.2 Hyundai Everdigm Fire Truck Product Specification
7.13.3 Hyundai Everdigm Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.14 Tianhe
7.14.1 Tianhe Company Profile
7.14.2 Tianhe Fire Truck Product Specification
7.14.3 Tianhe Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.15 Jieda Fire-protection
7.15.1 Jieda Fire-protection Company Profile
7.15.2 Jieda Fire-protection Fire Truck Product Specification
7.15.3 Jieda Fire-protection Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
8 PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY FORECAST
8.1 Global Forecasted Production of Fire Truck (2026-2031)
8.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Fire Truck (2026-2031)
8.3 Global Forecasted Price of Fire Truck (2020-2031)
8.4 Global Forecasted Production of Fire Truck by Region (2026-2031)
8.4.1 North America Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.2 East Asia Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.3 Europe Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.4 South Asia Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.5 Southeast Asia Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.6 Middle East Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.7 Africa Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.8 Oceania Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.9 South America Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.10 Rest of the World Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.5 Forecast by Type and by Application (2026-2031)
8.5.1 Global Sales Volume, Sales Revenue and Sales Price Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
8.5.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Application (2026-2031)
9 CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND FORECAST
9.1 North America Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.2 East Asia Market Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Countriy
9.4 South Asia Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.5 Southeast Asia Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.6 Middle East Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.7 Africa Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.8 Oceania Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.9 South America Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.10 Rest of the world Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
10 MARKETING CHANNEL, DISTRIBUTORS AND CUSTOMERS
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Channels
10.1.2 Indirect Channels
11 MARKET DYNAMICS
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities and Drivers
11.3 Challenges
11.4 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
12 CONCLUSION
13 APPENDIX
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Fire Truck Revenue
1.4 Market Analysis by Type
1.4.1 Global Fire Truck Market Size Growth Rate by Type: 2026-2031
1.4.2 Conventional Fire Truck
1.4.3 Elevating Fire Truck
1.4.4 Special Fire Truck
1.5 Market by Application
1.5.1 Global Fire Truck Market Share by Application: 2026-2031
1.5.2 Municipal
1.5.3 Industrial
1.5.4 Airport
1.6 Study Objectives
1.7 Overview of Global Fire Truck Market
1.7.1 Global Fire Truck Market Status and Outlook (2020-2031)
1.7.2 North America
1.7.3 East Asia
1.7.4 Europe
1.7.5 South Asia
1.7.6 Southeast Asia
1.7.7 Middle East
1.7.8 Africa
1.7.9 Oceania
1.7.10 South America
1.7.11 Rest of the World
2 MANUFACTURING COST STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
2.1 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Fire Truck
2.2 Industry Chain Structure of Fire Truck
3 MARKET COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS
3.1 Global Fire Truck Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
3.2 Global Fire Truck Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
3.3 Global Fire Truck Average Price by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
4 FIRE TRUCK REGIONAL MARKET ANALYSIS
4.1 Fire Truck Production by Regions
4.1.1 Global Fire Truck Production by Regions (2020-2025)
4.1.2 Global Fire Truck Revenue by Regions
4.2 Fire Truck Consumption by Regions
4.3 North America Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.3.1 North America Fire Truck Production
4.3.2 North America Fire Truck Revenue
4.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
4.3.4 North America Fire Truck Import and Export
4.4 East Asia Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.4.1 East Asia Fire Truck Production
4.4.2 East Asia Fire Truck Revenue
4.4.3 Key Manufacturers in East Asia
4.4.4 East Asia Fire Truck Import & Export
4.5 Europe Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.5.1 Europe Fire Truck Production
4.5.2 Europe Fire Truck Revenue
4.5.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
4.5.4 Europe Fire Truck Import & Export
4.6 South Asia Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.6.1 South Asia Fire Truck Production
4.6.2 South Asia Fire Truck Revenue
4.6.3 Key Manufacturers in South Asia
4.6.4 South Asia Fire Truck Import & Export
4.7 Southeast Asia Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.7.1 Southeast Asia Fire Truck Production
4.7.2 Southeast Asia Fire Truck Revenue
4.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
4.7.4 Southeast Asia Fire Truck Import & Export
4.8 Middle East Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.8.1 Middle East Fire Truck Production
4.8.2 Middle East Fire Truck Revenue
4.8.3 Key Manufacturers in Middle East
4.8.4 Middle East Fire Truck Import & Export
4.9 Africa Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.9.1 Africa Fire Truck Production
4.9.2 Africa Fire Truck Revenue
4.9.3 Key Manufacturers in Africa
4.9.4 Africa Fire Truck Import & Export
4.10 Oceania Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.10.1 Oceania Fire Truck Production
4.10.2 Oceania Fire Truck Revenue
4.10.3 Key Manufacturers in Oceania
4.10.4 Oceania Fire Truck Import & Export
4.11 South America Fire Truck Market Analysis
4.11.1 South America Fire Truck Production
4.11.2 South America Fire Truck Revenue
4.11.3 Key Manufacturers in South America
4.11.4 South America Fire Truck Import & Export
5 FIRE TRUCK SALES MARKET BY TYPE (2020-2031)
5.1 Global Fire Truck Historic Market Size by Type (2020-2025)
5.2 Global Fire Truck Forecasted Market Size by Type (2026-2031)
6 FIRE TRUCK CONSUMPTION MARKET BY APPLICATION(2020-2031)
6.1 Global Fire Truck Historic Market Size by Application (2020-2025)
6.2 Global Fire Truck Forecasted Market Size by Application (2026-2031)
7 COMPANY PROFILES AND KEY FIGURES IN FIRE TRUCK BUSINESS
7.1 Oshkosh
7.1.1 Oshkosh Company Profile
7.1.2 Oshkosh Fire Truck Product Specification
7.1.3 Oshkosh Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.2 Rosenbauer
7.2.1 Rosenbauer Company Profile
7.2.2 Rosenbauer Fire Truck Product Specification
7.2.3 Rosenbauer Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.3 REV Group
7.3.1 REV Group Company Profile
7.3.2 REV Group Fire Truck Product Specification
7.3.3 REV Group Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.4 MORITA
7.4.1 MORITA Company Profile
7.4.2 MORITA Fire Truck Product Specification
7.4.3 MORITA Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.5 CIMC TIANDA
7.5.1 CIMC TIANDA Company Profile
7.5.2 CIMC TIANDA Fire Truck Product Specification
7.5.3 CIMC TIANDA Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.6 Magirus
7.6.1 Magirus Company Profile
7.6.2 Magirus Fire Truck Product Specification
7.6.3 Magirus Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.7 Desautel
7.7.1 Desautel Company Profile
7.7.2 Desautel Fire Truck Product Specification
7.7.3 Desautel Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.8 Zhongzhuo
7.8.1 Zhongzhuo Company Profile
7.8.2 Zhongzhuo Fire Truck Product Specification
7.8.3 Zhongzhuo Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.9 SANY Group
7.9.1 SANY Group Company Profile
7.9.2 SANY Group Fire Truck Product Specification
7.9.3 SANY Group Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.10 ZOOMLION
7.10.1 ZOOMLION Company Profile
7.10.2 ZOOMLION Fire Truck Product Specification
7.10.3 ZOOMLION Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.11 Yongqiang Vehicles
7.11.1 Yongqiang Vehicles Company Profile
7.11.2 Yongqiang Vehicles Fire Truck Product Specification
7.11.3 Yongqiang Vehicles Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.12 XCMG
7.12.1 XCMG Company Profile
7.12.2 XCMG Fire Truck Product Specification
7.12.3 XCMG Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.13 Hyundai Everdigm
7.13.1 Hyundai Everdigm Company Profile
7.13.2 Hyundai Everdigm Fire Truck Product Specification
7.13.3 Hyundai Everdigm Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.14 Tianhe
7.14.1 Tianhe Company Profile
7.14.2 Tianhe Fire Truck Product Specification
7.14.3 Tianhe Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.15 Jieda Fire-protection
7.15.1 Jieda Fire-protection Company Profile
7.15.2 Jieda Fire-protection Fire Truck Product Specification
7.15.3 Jieda Fire-protection Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
8 PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY FORECAST
8.1 Global Forecasted Production of Fire Truck (2026-2031)
8.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Fire Truck (2026-2031)
8.3 Global Forecasted Price of Fire Truck (2020-2031)
8.4 Global Forecasted Production of Fire Truck by Region (2026-2031)
8.4.1 North America Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.2 East Asia Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.3 Europe Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.4 South Asia Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.5 Southeast Asia Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.6 Middle East Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.7 Africa Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.8 Oceania Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.9 South America Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.4.10 Rest of the World Fire Truck Production, Revenue Forecast (2026-2031)
8.5 Forecast by Type and by Application (2026-2031)
8.5.1 Global Sales Volume, Sales Revenue and Sales Price Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
8.5.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Application (2026-2031)
9 CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND FORECAST
9.1 North America Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.2 East Asia Market Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Countriy
9.4 South Asia Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.5 Southeast Asia Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.6 Middle East Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.7 Africa Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.8 Oceania Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.9 South America Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
9.10 Rest of the world Forecasted Consumption of Fire Truck by Country
10 MARKETING CHANNEL, DISTRIBUTORS AND CUSTOMERS
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Channels
10.1.2 Indirect Channels
11 MARKET DYNAMICS
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities and Drivers
11.3 Challenges
11.4 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
12 CONCLUSION
13 APPENDIX
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES
Key Players Covered: Ranking by Fire Truck Revenue 2020-2025
Global Fire Truck Market Size by Type: 2026-2031
Global Fire Truck Market Size by Application: 2026-2031
Fire Truck Production Rank and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Global Fire Truck Manufacturing Plants Distribution and Commercial Production Date
Global Fire Truck Production Capacity by Manufacturers
Global Fire Truck Production by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Global Market Fire Truck Average Price of Key Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Manufacturers Fire Truck Production Sites and Area Served
Manufacturers Fire Truck Product Type
Global Fire Truck Production by Regions (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Production Market Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Revenue by Regions (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Revenue Market Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Consumption by Regions (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Consumption Market Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in North America
North America Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in East Asia
East Asia Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in Europe
Europe Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in South Asia
South Asia Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in Middle East
Middle East Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in Africa
Africa Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in Oceania
Oceania Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in South America
South America Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Global Fire Truck Market Size by Type (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Forecasted Market Size by Type (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Revenue Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Market Size by Application (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Forecasted Market Size by Application (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Revenue Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Oshkosh Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Rosenbauer Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
REV Group Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table MORITA Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
CIMC TIANDA Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Magirus Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Desautel Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Zhongzhuo Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
SANY Group Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
ZOOMLION Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Yongqiang Vehicles Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
XCMG Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Hyundai Everdigm Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Tianhe Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Jieda Fire-protection Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Production Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Sales Revenue Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Sales Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Sales Price Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Consumption Volume Forecast by Application (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Consumption Value Forecast by Application (2026-2031)
North America Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
East Asia Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
Europe Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
South Asia Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
Southeast Asia Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
Middle East Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
Africa Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
Oceania Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
South America Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
Rest of the world Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
Market Key Trends
Key Opportunities and Drivers: Impact Analysis (2026-2031)
Key Challenges
Research Programs/Design for This Report
Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Global Fire Truck Market Share by Type: 2025 VS 2031
Conventional Fire Truck Features
Elevating Fire Truck Features
Special Fire Truck Features
Global Fire Truck Market Share by Application: 2025 VS 2031
Municipal Case Studies
Industrial Case Studies
Airport Case Studies
Fire Truck Report Years Considered
Global Fire Truck Market Status and Outlook (2020-2031)
North America Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
East Asia Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Europe Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
South Asia Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
South America Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Middle East Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Africa Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Oceania Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
South America Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Rest of the World Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Global Fire Truck Revenue (2020-2031)
Global Fire Truck Production Capacity (2020-2031)
Global Fire Truck Production (2020-2031)
Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Fire Truck in 2025
Manufacturing Process Analysis of Fire Truck
Industry Chain Structure of Fire Truck
Global Fire Truck Production Market Share by Regions in 2025
Global Fire Truck Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2025
North America Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
North America Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
East Asia Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
East Asia Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
Europe Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
Europe Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
South Asia Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
South Asia Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
Southeast Asia Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
Southeast Asia Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
Middle East Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
Middle East Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
Africa Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
Africa Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
Oceania Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
Oceania Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
South America Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
South America Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
Oshkosh Fire Truck Product Specification
Rosenbauer Fire Truck Product Specification
REV Group Fire Truck Product Specification
MORITA Fire Truck Product Specification
CIMC TIANDA Fire Truck Product Specification
Magirus Fire Truck Product Specification
Desautel Fire Truck Product Specification
Zhongzhuo Fire Truck Product Specification
SANY Group Fire Truck Product Specification
ZOOMLION Fire Truck Product Specification
Yongqiang Vehicles Fire Truck Product Specification
XCMG Fire Truck Product Specification
Hyundai Everdigm Fire Truck Product Specification
Tianhe Fire Truck Product Specification
Jieda Fire-protection Fire Truck Product Specification
Global Fire Truck Production Capacity Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Price and Trend Forecast (2020-2031)
North America Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
North America Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
East Asia Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
East Asia Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Europe Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Europe Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
South Asia Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
South Asia Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Southeast Asia Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Southeast Asia Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Middle East Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Middle East Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Africa Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Africa Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Oceania Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Oceania Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
South America Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
South America Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Rest of the World Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Rest of the World Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
North America Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
East Asia Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
Europe Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
South Asia Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
Southeast Asia Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
Middle East Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
Africa Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
Oceania Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
South America Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
Rest of the world Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
Channels of Distribution
Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Key Executives Interviewed
Key Players Covered: Ranking by Fire Truck Revenue 2020-2025
Global Fire Truck Market Size by Type: 2026-2031
Global Fire Truck Market Size by Application: 2026-2031
Fire Truck Production Rank and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Global Fire Truck Manufacturing Plants Distribution and Commercial Production Date
Global Fire Truck Production Capacity by Manufacturers
Global Fire Truck Production by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Global Market Fire Truck Average Price of Key Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Manufacturers Fire Truck Production Sites and Area Served
Manufacturers Fire Truck Product Type
Global Fire Truck Production by Regions (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Production Market Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Revenue by Regions (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Revenue Market Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Consumption by Regions (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Consumption Market Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in North America
North America Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in East Asia
East Asia Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in Europe
Europe Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in South Asia
South Asia Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in Middle East
Middle East Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in Africa
Africa Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in Oceania
Oceania Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Key Fire Truck Players Sales Volume in South America
South America Fire Truck Production, Consumption Import and Export
Global Fire Truck Market Size by Type (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Forecasted Market Size by Type (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Revenue Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Market Size by Application (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Forecasted Market Size by Application (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Revenue Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Oshkosh Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Rosenbauer Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
REV Group Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table MORITA Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
CIMC TIANDA Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Magirus Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Desautel Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Zhongzhuo Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
SANY Group Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
ZOOMLION Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Yongqiang Vehicles Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
XCMG Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Hyundai Everdigm Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Tianhe Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Jieda Fire-protection Fire Truck Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Global Fire Truck Production Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Sales Revenue Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Sales Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Sales Price Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Consumption Volume Forecast by Application (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Consumption Value Forecast by Application (2026-2031)
North America Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
East Asia Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
Europe Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
South Asia Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
Southeast Asia Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
Middle East Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
Africa Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
Oceania Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
South America Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
Rest of the world Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031 by Country
Market Key Trends
Key Opportunities and Drivers: Impact Analysis (2026-2031)
Key Challenges
Research Programs/Design for This Report
Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Global Fire Truck Market Share by Type: 2025 VS 2031
Conventional Fire Truck Features
Elevating Fire Truck Features
Special Fire Truck Features
Global Fire Truck Market Share by Application: 2025 VS 2031
Municipal Case Studies
Industrial Case Studies
Airport Case Studies
Fire Truck Report Years Considered
Global Fire Truck Market Status and Outlook (2020-2031)
North America Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
East Asia Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Europe Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
South Asia Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
South America Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Middle East Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Africa Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Oceania Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
South America Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Rest of the World Fire Truck Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Global Fire Truck Revenue (2020-2031)
Global Fire Truck Production Capacity (2020-2031)
Global Fire Truck Production (2020-2031)
Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Fire Truck in 2025
Manufacturing Process Analysis of Fire Truck
Industry Chain Structure of Fire Truck
Global Fire Truck Production Market Share by Regions in 2025
Global Fire Truck Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2025
North America Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
North America Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
East Asia Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
East Asia Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
Europe Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
Europe Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
South Asia Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
South Asia Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
Southeast Asia Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
Southeast Asia Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
Middle East Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
Middle East Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
Africa Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
Africa Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
Oceania Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
Oceania Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
South America Fire Truck Production Growth Rate 2020-2025
South America Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2025
Oshkosh Fire Truck Product Specification
Rosenbauer Fire Truck Product Specification
REV Group Fire Truck Product Specification
MORITA Fire Truck Product Specification
CIMC TIANDA Fire Truck Product Specification
Magirus Fire Truck Product Specification
Desautel Fire Truck Product Specification
Zhongzhuo Fire Truck Product Specification
SANY Group Fire Truck Product Specification
ZOOMLION Fire Truck Product Specification
Yongqiang Vehicles Fire Truck Product Specification
XCMG Fire Truck Product Specification
Hyundai Everdigm Fire Truck Product Specification
Tianhe Fire Truck Product Specification
Jieda Fire-protection Fire Truck Product Specification
Global Fire Truck Production Capacity Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Global Fire Truck Price and Trend Forecast (2020-2031)
North America Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
North America Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
East Asia Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
East Asia Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Europe Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Europe Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
South Asia Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
South Asia Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Southeast Asia Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Southeast Asia Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Middle East Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Middle East Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Africa Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Africa Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Oceania Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Oceania Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
South America Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
South America Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Rest of the World Fire Truck Production Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
Rest of the World Fire Truck Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2026-2031)
North America Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
East Asia Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
Europe Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
South Asia Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
Southeast Asia Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
Middle East Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
Africa Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
Oceania Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
South America Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
Rest of the world Fire Truck Consumption Forecast 2026-2031
Channels of Distribution
Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Key Executives Interviewed
