Thermal and Digestion Waste-to-Energy Technologies Worldwide
Each year the world generates more than 2.1 billion tons of waste, disposes of most of that waste it in landfills, and allows it to decay and release methane (a powerful greenhouse gas that drives climate change), carbon dioxide, volatile organic compounds, odors, groundwater quality pollutants, and a host of other air, water, and soil pollutants. Locked inside of the 2.1 billion tons of waste is approximately 24.5 quadrillion Btu of energy - enough heat to generate about 10% of the electricity consumed annually around the globe. Meanwhile, in many developed nations, the availability of landfill capacity has been flat or steadily decreasing due to regulatory, siting, and environmental permitting constraints on new landfills and landfill expansions. As a result, new approaches to waste management are rapidly being written into public and institutional policies at local to national levels.
Landfilling, which is still employed at the overwhelming majority of global waste management facilities in developed nations, generally performs well in terms of throughput, public health, and safety. But many current and widespread waste management practices are mediocre or even poor performers in terms of energy efficiency and environmental performance. For instance, the conventional municipal solid waste chain is commonly characterized by moderate to long haul distances, which generate substantial greenhouse gas emissions, followed by long-term storage in a landfill, releasing methane and other pollutants. In developing nations, landfills can pose major public health concerns, and can in some cases represent a significant fire hazard due to spontaneous ignition. Many liquid waste streams, especially in the livestock and food production industries, are only minimally treated prior to discharge. Dairy wastes, for instance, can result in excessive nutrient loading of farm fields, while municipal wastewater, especially in developing nations, may contain high levels of biochemical oxygen demand, bacteria, and other harmful pollutants.
Waste to energy technologies - incineration, gasification, plasma gasification, pyrolysis, and anaerobic digestion - provide a convenient solution to many of these waste management issues. For instance, installation of a waste to energy conversion facility near a large urban center can reduce the number of truck, train, or barge trips to landfills, reduce the volume of new material that is being stored in landfills, and reduce the proportion of organic matter that is stored in a landfill, which in turn reduces the production rates of landfill methane. Liquid waste to energy technologies can also reduce the concentration of water quality constituents in treated effluent, by substantially reducing bacterial loading, biochemical oxygen demand, and other constituents.
Bolstered by global concern and policy actions relating to climate change, waste to energy technologies also support low-carbon and in some cases carbon-neutral energy production. As a result, the global market for waste to energy technologies has evidenced substantial growth over the last five years, increasing from $4.83 billion in 2006, to 7.08 billion in 2010 with continued market growth through the global economic downturn. Over the coming decade, growth trends are expected to continue, led by expansion in the US, European, Chinese, and Indian markets. By 2021, based on continued growth in Asian markets combined with the maturation of European waste management regulations and European and US climate mitigation strategies, the annual global market for waste to energy technologies will exceed $27 billion, for all technologies combined.
The market expansion projected for waste to energy technologies maintains roots in the waste industry as well as the alternative fuels/power industry. Demand for waste management solutions and for alternative energy sources thereby coalesce to drive demand for waste to energy technologies. A significant advantage of these dual drivers is that demand for waste to energy technologies is resilient. For example, even in the unlikely event that demand for alternative energy slackens over the coming decade, the demand for waste management solutions would remain, and would continue to drive the installation of new waste to energy facilities.
Thermal and Digestion Waste-to-Energy Technologies Worldwide contains comprehensive data on the worldwide market for waste to energy technologies (incineration, gasification, pyrolysis and thermal depolymerization, and anaerobic digestion), including historic (2006-2010) and forecast (2011-2021) market size data in terms of the dollar value of product shipments, with breakdowns at the national level for major markets. The report identifies key trends affecting the marketplace, along with trends driving growth, and central challenges to further market development. The report also provides company profiles for waste to energy leaders in municipal solid waste and other waste management industries.
Landfilling, which is still employed at the overwhelming majority of global waste management facilities in developed nations, generally performs well in terms of throughput, public health, and safety. But many current and widespread waste management practices are mediocre or even poor performers in terms of energy efficiency and environmental performance. For instance, the conventional municipal solid waste chain is commonly characterized by moderate to long haul distances, which generate substantial greenhouse gas emissions, followed by long-term storage in a landfill, releasing methane and other pollutants. In developing nations, landfills can pose major public health concerns, and can in some cases represent a significant fire hazard due to spontaneous ignition. Many liquid waste streams, especially in the livestock and food production industries, are only minimally treated prior to discharge. Dairy wastes, for instance, can result in excessive nutrient loading of farm fields, while municipal wastewater, especially in developing nations, may contain high levels of biochemical oxygen demand, bacteria, and other harmful pollutants.
Waste to energy technologies - incineration, gasification, plasma gasification, pyrolysis, and anaerobic digestion - provide a convenient solution to many of these waste management issues. For instance, installation of a waste to energy conversion facility near a large urban center can reduce the number of truck, train, or barge trips to landfills, reduce the volume of new material that is being stored in landfills, and reduce the proportion of organic matter that is stored in a landfill, which in turn reduces the production rates of landfill methane. Liquid waste to energy technologies can also reduce the concentration of water quality constituents in treated effluent, by substantially reducing bacterial loading, biochemical oxygen demand, and other constituents.
Bolstered by global concern and policy actions relating to climate change, waste to energy technologies also support low-carbon and in some cases carbon-neutral energy production. As a result, the global market for waste to energy technologies has evidenced substantial growth over the last five years, increasing from $4.83 billion in 2006, to 7.08 billion in 2010 with continued market growth through the global economic downturn. Over the coming decade, growth trends are expected to continue, led by expansion in the US, European, Chinese, and Indian markets. By 2021, based on continued growth in Asian markets combined with the maturation of European waste management regulations and European and US climate mitigation strategies, the annual global market for waste to energy technologies will exceed $27 billion, for all technologies combined.
The market expansion projected for waste to energy technologies maintains roots in the waste industry as well as the alternative fuels/power industry. Demand for waste management solutions and for alternative energy sources thereby coalesce to drive demand for waste to energy technologies. A significant advantage of these dual drivers is that demand for waste to energy technologies is resilient. For example, even in the unlikely event that demand for alternative energy slackens over the coming decade, the demand for waste management solutions would remain, and would continue to drive the installation of new waste to energy facilities.
Thermal and Digestion Waste-to-Energy Technologies Worldwide contains comprehensive data on the worldwide market for waste to energy technologies (incineration, gasification, pyrolysis and thermal depolymerization, and anaerobic digestion), including historic (2006-2010) and forecast (2011-2021) market size data in terms of the dollar value of product shipments, with breakdowns at the national level for major markets. The report identifies key trends affecting the marketplace, along with trends driving growth, and central challenges to further market development. The report also provides company profiles for waste to energy leaders in municipal solid waste and other waste management industries.
- CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- Scope
- Global Waste and Management and Role of Waste to Energy
- Figure 1-1: Annual Per Capita Municipal Waste Generated for OECD Countries (Metric Tonnes)
- Waste to Energy Feedstocks and Technologies
- Applications, Benefits, and Drawbacks of Waste to Energy Technologies
- Waste to Energy Market Valuations
- Incineration
- Figure 1-2: Global Market for Incinerators and Incinerator Plant Ancillaries: 2006 – 2010 Historic and 2011-2021 Projected ($ Millions)
- Gasification
- Figure 1-3: Global Market for Gasifiers and Gasifier Plant Ancillaries: 2006 – 2010 Historic and 2011-2021 Projected ($ Millions)
- Plasma Gasification
- Figure 1-4: Global Market for Plasma Gasifiers and Plant Ancillaries: 2006 – 2010 Historic and 2011-2021 Projected ($ Millions)
- Pyrolysis
- Figure 1-5: Global Market for Pyrolysis and Pyrolysis Plant Ancillaries: 2006 – 2010 Historic and 2011-2021 Projected ($ Millions)
- Anaerobic Digestion
- Figure 1-6: Global Market for Anaerobic Digesters and Anaerobic Digester Ancillaries: 2006 – 2010 Historic and 2011-2021 Projected ($ Millions)
- Global Waste to Energy Market Summary
- Figure 1-7: Global Market for WtE Technologies; Historic (2006-2010) and Projected (2011-2021) ($ Billions)
- Waste to Energy Product Pricing
- Incineration
- Figure 1-8: Incinerator Costs (USD)
- Gasification
- Figure 1-9: Gasification Costs (USD)
- Plasma Gasification
- Figure 1-10: Plasma Gasifier Costs (USD)
- Pyrolysis
- Figure 1-11: Pyrolysis Costs (USD)
- Anaerobic Digestion
- Figure 1-12: Anaerobic Digestion Costs, Animal Wastes/Wastewater (USD)
- Figure 1–13: Anaerobic Digestion Costs, MSW (USD)
- Industry Trends and WtE Financing
- WtE Facilities Supply Chain
- Figure 1-14: WtE Technologies, Facility Supply Chain
- Figure 1–15: Municipal Solid Waste Supply Chain
- Figure 1-16: Generalized Non-MSW Waste Feedstock Supply Chain
- Waste to Energy Product Promotion
- Job Creation
- Incineration
- Figure 1-17: Projected Construction and Operation Period Job Creation Rates for Incineration; 2011 to 2021 (Annual Jobs Created)
- Gasification
- Figure 1-18: Projected Construction and Operation Period Job Creation Rates for Gasification; 2011 to 2021 (Annual Jobs Created)
- Plasma Gasification
- Figure 1-19: Projected Construction and Operation Period Job Creation Rates for Plasma Gasification; 2011 to 2021 (Annual Jobs Created)
- Pyrolysis
- Figure 1-20: Projected Construction and Operation Period Job Creation Rates for Pyrolysis; 2011 to 2021 (Annual Jobs Created)
- Anaerobic Digestion
- Figure 1-21: Projected Construction and Operation Period Job Creation Rates for Anaerobic Digestion; 2011 to 2021 (Annual Jobs Created)
- Waste to Energy End Users
- Table 1-1: Thermal Technology End Users
- Table 1-2: Anaerobic Digester End Users
- Summary
- Figure 1-22: Global Market for WtE Technologies; Historic (2006-2010) and Projected (2011-2021) ($ Billions)
- CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
- Scope
- Global Waste and Management
- Figure 2-1: Annual Per Capita Municipal Waste Generated for OECD Countries (Metric Tonnes)
- Role of Waste to Energy
- Waste to Energy Feedstocks
- Dairy Waste and Other Animal Husbandry Wastes
- Table 2-1: Waste to Energy Feedstock Categories
- Food Processing Wastes
- Greenwaste
- Hospital Waste/Biohazard
- Industrial Wastes
- Sanitary Waste
- Municipal Solid Waste
- Waste to Energy Systems
- Table 2-2 Waste to Energy Technologies and Feedstocks
- Table 2-3 Energy Products from Waste to Energy Technologies
- Incineration
- Figure 2-2: Incinerator Schematic
- Gasification
- Figure 2-3: Gasification Schematic
- Plasma Gasification
- Figure 2-4: Plasma Gasification Schematic
- Pyrolysis
- Figure 2-5: Pyrolysis Example Schematic
- Anaerobic Digestion
- Figure 2-6: Schematic of Digestion of Manure Combined with Greenwaste
- Applications and Benefits of Waste to Energy Technologies
- Waste Management: Mass/Volume Reduction and Avoidance of Landfilling
- Power Generation
- Methane Production
- Liquid Fuels Production
- Heat Production
- Pollutant Emissions Reduction
- Greenhouse Gas Emissions Management
- Destruction of Harmful Microbes and Biological Agents
- Land Area Requirements
- Mechanical Biological Treatment
- Drawbacks of Waste to Energy Technologies
- Environmental Concerns
- Potential Competition with Recycling
- Potential Competition with Composting
- Increased Pollution under Some Systems
- Public Opinion
- Cost/Benefit
- Summary
- CHAPTER 3: WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES – MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
- Scope
- Market Assessment Methodology
- Project-Based Market Evaluations
- Additional Market Valuation Factors
- Demand for Municipal Waste Stream Management and Waste Reduction
- Figure 3-1: Historic and Projected Annual Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Global and US (Billion Tons per Year)
- Reuse, Recycling, Composting, and Waste to Energy
- Growth of Biomass, Food Waste, and Animal Husbandry Waste to Energy
- Environmental and Social Concerns of Waste Management
- Alternative Energy Growth and Demand
- Waste to Energy Projects
- Table 3-1: Anticipated Global WtE Projects
- Factors Affecting Market Size and Growth
- Feedstock Availability: landfilling reduction targets, waste stream diversion requirements, and other key waste management trends that inform feedstock availability;
- Table 3-2: European Union Mandated Waste Reduction Targets
- Table 3-3: Great Britain National Waste Reduction Targets
- Table 3-4: New Zealand’s Adopted Waste Management Strategy
- Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction requirements, targets, and strategies;
- Demand for Alternative and Renewable Energy
- Figure 3-2: Global Energy Consumption, Historic (2007) and Projected (Through 2035) (Quadrillion British Thermal Units per Year)
- Figure 3-3: Global Historic Energy Production and Projected Increases in Renewable and Other Power Sources, 1990-2035 (Quadrillion British Thermal Units per Year)
- Costs and WtE Project Economics
- Public acceptance of WtE
- Other Relevant Trends
- WtE Technologies Markets
- Global Market for Incineration
- Figure 3-4: Global Market for Incinerators and Incinerator Plant Ancillaries: 2006 – 2010 Historic and 2011-2021 Projected ($ Millions)
- Table 3-5: Global Market for Incinerators and Incinerator Plant Ancillaries: 2006-2010 Historic and 2011-2021 Projected ($ Millions)
- Figure 3-5: Regional WtE Markets for Incineration: 2006 (Historic), 2011 (Projected), and 2021 (Projected) ($ Millions)
- Table 3-6: Incinerator Market Data and Projections, Major Countries: 2006 (Historic), 2011 (Projected), and 2021 (Projected) ($ Millions)
- Table 3-7: Annual Historic and Projected Global Increases in Incinerator Waste Capacity (Daily Tons) and Power Generation Capacity (MW)
- Global Market for Gasification
- Figure 3-6: Global Market for Gasifiers and Gasifier Plant Ancillaries: 2006 – 2010 Historic and 2011-2021 Projected ($ Millions)
- Table 3-8: Global Market for Gasifiers and Gasifier Plant Ancillaries: 2006-2010 Historic and 2011-2021 Projected ($ Millions)
- Figure 3-7: Regional WtE Markets for Gasification: 2006 (Historic), 2011 (Projected), and 2021 (Projected) ($ Millions)
- Table 3-9: Gasification Market Data and Projections, Major Countries: 2006 (Historic), 2011 (Projected), and 2021 (Projected) ($ Millions)
- Table 3-10: Annual Historic and Projected Global Increases in Gasifier Waste Capacity (Daily Tons) and Power Generation Capacity (MW)
- Global Market for Plasma Gasification
- Figure 3-8: Global Market for Plasma Gasifiers and Plant Ancillaries: 2006 – 2010 Historic and 2011-2021 Projected ($ Millions)
- Table 3-11: Global Market for Plasma Gasifiers and Plant Ancillaries: 2006-2010 Historic and 2011-2021 Projected ($ Millions)
- Figure 3-9: Regional WtE Markets for Plasma Gasification: 2006 (Historic), 2011 (Projected), and 2021 (Projected) ($ Millions)
- Table 3-12: Plasma Gasification Market Data and Projections, Major Countries: 2006 (Historic), 2011 (Projected), and 2021 (Projected) ($ Millions)
- Table 3-13: Annual Historic and Projected Global Increases in Plasma Gasifier Waste Capacity (Daily Tons) and Power Generation Capacity (MW)
- Global Market for Pyrolysis
- Figure 3-10: Global Market for Pyrolysis and Pyrolysis Plant Ancillaries: 2006 – 2010 Historic and 2011-2021 Projected ($ Millions)
- Table 3-14: Global Market for Pyrolysis and Pyrolysis Plant Ancillaries: 2006-2010 Historic and 2011-2021 Projected ($ Millions)
- Figure 3-11: Regional WtE Markets for Pyrolysis: 2006 (Historic), 2011 (Projected), and 2021 (Projected) ($ Millions)
- Table 3-15: Pyrolysis Market Data and Projections, Major Countries: 2006 (Historic), 2011 (Projected), and 2021 (Projected) ($ Millions)
- Table 3-16: Annual Historic and Projected Global Increases in Pyrolysis Waste Capacity (Daily Tons) and Power Generation Capacity (MW)
- Global Market for Anaerobic Digestion
- Figure 3-12: Global Market for Anaerobic Digesters and Anaerobic Digester Ancillaries: 2006 – 2010 Historic and 2011-2021 Projected ($ Millions)
- Table 3-17: Global Market for Anaerobic Digesters and Anaerobic Digesters Plant Ancillaries: 2006-2010 Historic and 2011-2021
- Projected ($ Millions)
- Figure 3-13: Regional WtE Markets for Anaerobic Digesters: 2006 (Historic), 2011 (Projected), and 2021 (Projected) ($ Millions)
- Table 3-18: Anaerobic Digester Market Data and Projections, Major Countries: 2006 (Historic), 2011 (Projected), and 2021 (Projected) ($ Millions)
- Table 3-19: Annual Historic and Projected Global Increases in Anaerobic Digesters Waste Capacity (Daily Tons) and Power Generation Capacity (MW)
- Summary
- Figure 3-14: Global Market for WtE Technologies; Historic (2006-2010) and Projected (2011-2021) ($ Billions)
- Figure 3-15: Percentage of Global Market Shares for WtE Technologies; Historic (2006-2010) and Projected (2011-2021)
- CHAPTER 4: WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES – MARKET AND PRODUCT TRENDS
- Scope
- WtE Product Pricing
- Global Economic Factors Influencing WtE Project Costs
- Regional and Cost Considerations
- Figure 4-1: Worker Labor Compensation Rates, 1998-2008 (US$)
- Technology Specific Costs and Cost Factors
- Incinerators
- Figure 4-2: Incinerator Costs (USD)
- Table 4-1: Incineration Cost Profiles
- Gasification
- Figure 4-3: Gasification Costs (USD)
- Table 4-2: Gasification Cost Profiles
- Plasma Gasification
- Figure 4-4: Plasma Gasifier Costs (USD)
- Table 4-3: Plasma Gasification, Typical Cost Profiles
- Pyrolysis
- Figure 4-5: Pyrolysis Costs (USD)
- Table 4-4: Pyrolysis, Typical Cost Profiles
- Anaerobic Digestion/Fermentation/MBT
- Figure 4-6: United States Anaerobic Digester Facilities: Animal Husbandry Wastes
- Figure 4-7: US On-Farm Anaerobic Digester Costs
- Table 4-5: Anaerobic Digestion, Typical Cost Profiles, Animal Wastes and Wastewater Treatment
- Figure 4-8: Anaerobic Digestion Costs, Animal Wastes and Wastewater Treatment (USD)
- Table 4-6: Anaerobic Digestion, Typical Cost Profiles, MSW
- Figure 4-9: Anaerobic Digestion Costs, MSW (USD)
- Industry Trends
- Importance of Feedstock Availability
- New Product Developments and Product Trends
- Public Relations, Environmental, and Permitting Concerns
- Figure 4-10 Waste Management Hierarchy for WtE Projetcs
- Waste to Energy Ownership
- Public Ownership
- Private Ownership
- Project Development and Financing Trends
- Table 4-7: Common WtE Project Finance Mechanisms
- Venture Capital and Equities
- Grant Funding, Government Loans, and Other Government Incentives
- Public/Government Funding
- Project Revenues and Cash on Hand
- Private Debt Financing
- Mixed Funding Sources
- Summary
- CHAPTER 5: WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES – SUPPLY CHAIN AND PROMOTION
- Scope
- WtE Facilities Supply Chain
- Figure 5-1: WtE Technologies, Facility Supply Chain
- Waste Feedstock Supply Chains
- Figure 5-2: Municipal Solid Waste Supply Chain
- Figure 5-3: Generalized Non-MSW Waste Feedstock Supply Chain
- Waste to Energy Product Promotion
- Promotion to the End User
- Promotion to Government and the Public
- Summary
- CHAPTER 6: WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES – JOB CREATION ESTIMATES
- Scope
- Modes of Job Creation
- Job Creation Projections and Methods
- Incineration
- Figure 6-1: Projected Construction and Operation Period Job Creation Rates for Incineration; 2011 to 2021 (Annual Jobs Created)
- Figure 6-2: Total Cumulative Construction and Operation Period Job Creation Rates for Incineration; 2011 to 2021 (Cumulative Total Number of Jobs Created)
- Gasification
- Figure 6-3: Projected Construction and Operation Period Job Creation Rates for Gasification; 2011 to 2021 (Annual Jobs Created)
- Figure 6-4: Total Cumulative Construction and Operation Period Job Creation Rates for Gasification; 2011 to 2021 (Cumulative Total Number of Jobs Created)
- Plasma Gasification
- Figure 6-5: Projected Construction and Operation Period Job Creation Rates for Plasma Gasification; 2011 to 2021 (Annual Jobs Created)
- Figure 6-6: Total Cumulative Construction and Operation Period Job Creation Rates for Plasma Gasification; 2011 to 2021 (Cumulative Total Number of Jobs Created)
- Pyrolysis
- Figure 6-7: Projected Construction and Operation Period Job Creation Rates for Pyrolysis; 2011 to 2021 (Annual Jobs Created)
- Figure 6-8: Total Cumulative Construction and Operation Period Job Creation Rates for Pyrolysis; 2011 to 2021 (Cumulative Total Number of Jobs Created)
- Anaerobic Digestion
- Figure 6-9: Projected Construction and Operation Period Job Creation Rates for Anaerobic Digestion; 2011 to 2021 (Annual Jobs Created)
- Figure 6-10: Total Cumulative Construction and Operation Period Job Creation Rates for Anaerobic Digestion; 2011 to 2021 (Cumulative Total Number of Jobs Created)
- Summary
- Figure 6-11: Total Cumulative Construction and Operation Period Job Creation for all WtE Technologies; 2011 - 2021 (Cumulative Total Number of Jobs Created, Thousands)
- CHAPTER 7: COMPETITIVE PROFILES
- Scope
- Methodology and Selection of Profiles
- Alpha Bio Systems, Inc.
- Overview
- Performance
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- The Babcock & Wilcox Company
- Overview
- Performance
- Figure 7-1: Babcock and Wilcox Revenues, 2007-2010e
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- BlueFire Renewables Inc
- Overview
- Performance
- Figure 7-2: BlueFire Renewables, Inc., Revenues, 2007-2010e
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- Covanta Energy Corporation
- Overview
- Performance
- Figure 7-3: Covanta Energy Corporation, Revenues, 2006-2010e
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- Ener-G PLC
- Overview
- Performance
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- Fisia Babcock Environment GmbH
- Overview
- Performance
- Figure 7-4: Fisia Babcock Environment, GmbH, Revenues, 2006-2010e
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- Florida Syngas LLC
- Overview
- Performance
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- Frontline BioEnergy, LLC
- Overview
- Performance
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. (GBB)
- Overview
- Performance
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- Martin GmbH
- Overview
- Performance
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- Pyrogenesis Canada, Inc
- Overview
- Performance
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- QinetiQ
- Overview
- Performance
- Figure 7-5: QinetiQ, Revenues, 2006-2010e
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- Siemens AG
- Overview
- Performance
- Figure 7-6: Siemens AG, Revenues, 2007-2010e
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- Takuma Co., Ltd.
- Overview
- Performance
- Figure 7-7: Takuma Co., Ltd., Revenues, 2006-2010e
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- UTS-Residual Processing LLC
- Overview
- Performance
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- Veolia Environnement S.A.
- Overview
- Performance
- Figure 7-8: Veolia Environnement S.A., Revenues, 2006-2010e
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- Wheelabrator Technologies Inc
- Overview
- Performance
- Figure 7-9: Wheelabrator Technologies, Inc., Revenues, 2006-2010e
- Product Portfolio
- Company News and Developments
- CHAPTER 8: END USERS
- Scope
- Waste to Energy End Users: Thermal Technologies
- Table 8-1: Thermal Technology End Users
- Incineration
- Gasification and Plasma Gasification
- Pyrolysis and Depolymerization
- Waste to Energy End Users: Anaerobic Digesters
- Table 8-2: Anaerobic Digester End Users
- Dairies and Animal Husbandry
- Food and Meat Processing Industries
- Municipal Greenwaste and Municipal Solid Waste
- Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
- Table 8-3 WWTP Anaerobic Digester Typical Production Rate and Cost Parameters
- Summary
