Municipal Waste to Energy – a Technology, Industry and Market Analysis
Technology processes that convert municipal waste to energy represent some of the most promising methods to solve environmental problems and to address increasing energy demand caused a growing human population coupled with increasing economic activity.
Municipal waste-to-energy (MWTE) is a renewable energy source which obtained from resources that are essentially unlimited, since it consists of human-generated solid waste that is produced in every country around the globe. MWTE can be used to generate thermal energy and/or electricity. While some renewable energy may have higher costs than energy from conventional sources, under the right conditions this is not necessarily the case. An increasing number of cities, states, provinces and countries are implementing MWTE production in order to reduce their overall energy costs.
If applied using current strategies, MWTE will generate other benefits that include:
A number of MWTE technologies are available to communities in the United States and other global regions. These include combustion technologies, landfill gas technologies, plasma gasification technologies, pyrolysis gasification technologies and refuse-derived fuels. Detailed explanations of these key MWTE technologies are provided in the remainder of this report.
STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
This report focuses on the many new developments that have been taking place in MWTE technologies. Most of the market application sectors are growing at a good pace. In addition, there are new regions with dynamic economies that offer significant application opportunities for technologies used in the conversion of waste to energy.
Among the countries where we see good prospects for this industry are the growing economies of India, China and Brazil. The rapid economic expansions occurring in these evolving major economies, coupled with their large populations, has positioned MWTE among their top renewable energy options, and it is, as well, a key long-term future environmental solution. These developments have created the need for a proper analysis of market and business issues, trends in the MWTE industry, and international markets.
This report has been prepared to:
FORMAT AND SCOPE
This report reviews the MWTE technology industry, including types of technologies, their applications, and current and anticipated demand for specific applications. For each market segment, the report provides an analysis of technology category, applications, international markets and competition.
The qualitative and quantitative judgments embodied in this report are a valuable contribution to the current knowledge of MWTE technologies, the prevailing economic and environmental conditions which require applications, the settings in which these technologies are used, and their markets. Moreover, this study has been conducted at a stage of market development when new applications hold the potential to revolutionize the industry. This is a consequence of the expanding utilization of waste to energy technologies – the need to continuously reduce gas emissions from landfills and increase energy production at a cost that consumers can afford, while still producing profitable returns to investors who must fund the high costs of electrical power plants, etc. This requires the application of new and innovative energy producing processes. The current study identifies all such applications.
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
The findings of this report are based on information derived from interviews with producers, distributors and major operators of waste to energy operations. Several industry experts were also contacted for this study.
Secondary data were obtained from government sources such as the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, waste to energy equipment manufacturers, trade publications, technical journals, and government statistics from agencies such as the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Government Accountability Office and the European Commission.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
This study provides the most complete accounting of the current market and future growth in municipal waste to energy country wise in Africa, Asia, Europe, The Middle East and The Americas. Further, the report provides global market according to technologies used for converting municipal waste to energy such as combustion, land fill gas technology, refuse derived fuels technology, plasma gasification and pyrolysis gasification. Markets are estimated for 2015, 2016 and 2021.
TO WHOM THE STUDY CATERS
This report is directed to companies that are interested in developments in this field, such as
The municipal waste to energy (MWTE) technologies industry has sustained significant growth in the last decade and is likely to continue to expand in the future because of the increasing demands for energy and for environmental solutions. In addition to countries in Asia and in the Americas that are undergoing economic expansions, population growth is a major driver. Among the countries where we see increased human consumption, holding the potential for positively impacting the MWTE technologies industry, are China, India and Brazil.
Within the MWTE sector, there has been continuous innovation in the technologies for waste to energy conversion processes, which has resulted in systems having greater efficiencies. In turn, this has increased the scope of waste to energy technology applications.
Global market for Municipal Waste to Energy Technologies was estimated to have reached $30.2 billion in 2016 and will reach $41.5 billion by 2021 with a growth rate of 6.5% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over the next five years.
In terms of region wise market share, the Asian region offers the greatest opportunities for growth, a trend that is expected to continue through 2021 followed by Europe and The Americas and The Middle East and Africa as distant 4th and 5th position. In terms of technologies used, the Combustion Technology dominates the market.
Municipal waste-to-energy (MWTE) is a renewable energy source which obtained from resources that are essentially unlimited, since it consists of human-generated solid waste that is produced in every country around the globe. MWTE can be used to generate thermal energy and/or electricity. While some renewable energy may have higher costs than energy from conventional sources, under the right conditions this is not necessarily the case. An increasing number of cities, states, provinces and countries are implementing MWTE production in order to reduce their overall energy costs.
If applied using current strategies, MWTE will generate other benefits that include:
- increasing the flexibility of power systems as electricity demand changes;
- reducing pollution and emissions from conventional energy systems; and
- reducing dependency and minimizing expenditure on imported fuels.
A number of MWTE technologies are available to communities in the United States and other global regions. These include combustion technologies, landfill gas technologies, plasma gasification technologies, pyrolysis gasification technologies and refuse-derived fuels. Detailed explanations of these key MWTE technologies are provided in the remainder of this report.
STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
This report focuses on the many new developments that have been taking place in MWTE technologies. Most of the market application sectors are growing at a good pace. In addition, there are new regions with dynamic economies that offer significant application opportunities for technologies used in the conversion of waste to energy.
Among the countries where we see good prospects for this industry are the growing economies of India, China and Brazil. The rapid economic expansions occurring in these evolving major economies, coupled with their large populations, has positioned MWTE among their top renewable energy options, and it is, as well, a key long-term future environmental solution. These developments have created the need for a proper analysis of market and business issues, trends in the MWTE industry, and international markets.
This report has been prepared to:
- provide an overview of MWTE technologies, industry and markets, product capabilities and applications;
- identify technical and business issues in the MWTE technologies industry;
- illustrate the market idiosyncrasies among the MWTE technology applications and analyze global economic and technological trends impacting the demand for these technologies;
- determine the current size and future growth of the world markets for MWTE technology applications;
- identify and profile key manufacturers and developers of MWTE technology; and
- identify global suppliers of MWTE technologies.
FORMAT AND SCOPE
This report reviews the MWTE technology industry, including types of technologies, their applications, and current and anticipated demand for specific applications. For each market segment, the report provides an analysis of technology category, applications, international markets and competition.
The qualitative and quantitative judgments embodied in this report are a valuable contribution to the current knowledge of MWTE technologies, the prevailing economic and environmental conditions which require applications, the settings in which these technologies are used, and their markets. Moreover, this study has been conducted at a stage of market development when new applications hold the potential to revolutionize the industry. This is a consequence of the expanding utilization of waste to energy technologies – the need to continuously reduce gas emissions from landfills and increase energy production at a cost that consumers can afford, while still producing profitable returns to investors who must fund the high costs of electrical power plants, etc. This requires the application of new and innovative energy producing processes. The current study identifies all such applications.
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
The findings of this report are based on information derived from interviews with producers, distributors and major operators of waste to energy operations. Several industry experts were also contacted for this study.
Secondary data were obtained from government sources such as the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, waste to energy equipment manufacturers, trade publications, technical journals, and government statistics from agencies such as the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Government Accountability Office and the European Commission.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
This study provides the most complete accounting of the current market and future growth in municipal waste to energy country wise in Africa, Asia, Europe, The Middle East and The Americas. Further, the report provides global market according to technologies used for converting municipal waste to energy such as combustion, land fill gas technology, refuse derived fuels technology, plasma gasification and pyrolysis gasification. Markets are estimated for 2015, 2016 and 2021.
TO WHOM THE STUDY CATERS
This report is directed to companies that are interested in developments in this field, such as
- establishments involved in incinerator development and manufacturing;
- renewable energy technology suppliers and consultants, energy systems engineers, developers of energy infrastructure projects;
- producers and suppliers of boiler plant equipment;
- manufacturers and suppliers of systems and subsystems which incorporate waste recycling;
- builders and integrators of wastewater treatment technologies;
- investment institutions involved in the financing of energy resource and environmental solution projects;
- renewable technology research companies and institutions; and
- major energy utility companies interested in diversification.
The municipal waste to energy (MWTE) technologies industry has sustained significant growth in the last decade and is likely to continue to expand in the future because of the increasing demands for energy and for environmental solutions. In addition to countries in Asia and in the Americas that are undergoing economic expansions, population growth is a major driver. Among the countries where we see increased human consumption, holding the potential for positively impacting the MWTE technologies industry, are China, India and Brazil.
Within the MWTE sector, there has been continuous innovation in the technologies for waste to energy conversion processes, which has resulted in systems having greater efficiencies. In turn, this has increased the scope of waste to energy technology applications.
Global market for Municipal Waste to Energy Technologies was estimated to have reached $30.2 billion in 2016 and will reach $41.5 billion by 2021 with a growth rate of 6.5% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over the next five years.
In terms of region wise market share, the Asian region offers the greatest opportunities for growth, a trend that is expected to continue through 2021 followed by Europe and The Americas and The Middle East and Africa as distant 4th and 5th position. In terms of technologies used, the Combustion Technology dominates the market.
INTRODUCTION
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
FORMAT AND SCOPE
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
WHO SHOULD SUBSCRIBE?
AUTHOR’S CREDENTIALS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SUMMARY TABLE A: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY REGION THROUGH 2021
SUMMARY FIGURE A: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY REGION THROUGH 2021
SUMMARY TABLE B: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY BY TECHNOLOGY THROUGH 2021
SUMMARY FIGURE B: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY BY TECHNOLOGY THROUGH 2021
MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
WASTE AS FUEL SOURCE: ENERGY CONTENT
TABLE 1: AVERAGE HEAT CONTENT OF SELECTED BIOMASS FUELS
COST OF HARVESTING, COLLECTING, AND DELIVERING FEEDSTOCK
SOURCES OF WASTE
TABLE 2: U.S. MSW CONTENT BY MATERIAL, 2007
FIGURE 1: TOTAL U.S. MSW GENERATION BY MATERIAL
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION (C&D) WASTE
MINING AND QUARRYING (M&Q) WASTE
COMMERCIAL WASTE
HOUSEHOLD WASTE
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
AGRICULTURAL WASTE
SEWAGE WASTE
TABLE 3: AVERAGE MILLION BTU PER TON FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW)
TABLE 4: BIOGENIC AND NON-BIOGENIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW)
LANDFILLS
WASTE TO ENERGY VALUE
TABLE 5: GLOBAL VALUE OF WASTE TO ENERGY ASSETS, 2016-2021
GLOBAL VALUE OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURES FOR WTE
TABLE 6: ESTIMATED CAPITAL EXPENDITURES IN MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY BY REGION, 2014-2021
TABLE 7: MSWTE TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 8: ESTIMATED MSWTE GIGAWATTS OF POWER BY REGION
GLOBAL VALUE OF TOTAL TIPPING FEES TO SWTE
TABLE 9: VALUE OF TOTAL TIPPING FEES, 2014-2021
GLOBAL CARBON OFFSET VALUE
TABLE 10: TOTAL ESTIMATED VALUES OF CARBON OFFSETS
GLOBAL VALUE OF METAL RECOVERY:
TABLE 11: ESTIMATED TOTAL VALUE OF METAL RECOVERY BY REGION
VALUE OF OTHER WTE PRODUCTS
MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY IN THE U.S.
TABLE 12: SUMMARY VALUE OF MSWTE ASSETS U.S. 2014-2021
TABLE 13: U.S. WASTE-TO-ENERGY CAPACITY ESTIMATED PROFILE
TABLE 14: U.S. WASTE-TO-ENERGY SITES, 2014-2021
TABLE 15: MUNICIPAL WASTE SOURCE, VALUE AND PERCENT OF MSW MARKET
THE U.S. COMBUSTION MARKET
TABLE 16: US STATES RANKED ACCORDING TO ENERGY PRODUCED FROM WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS (1000S KWH)
OTHER WASTE TO ENERGY IN THE U.S.
TABLE 17: INDUSTRIAL WASTE TO ENERGY BY WASTE PRODUCT IN KILOWATT HOURS
TABLE 18: INDUSTRIAL BIOMASS ELECTRICITY NET GENERATION BY U.S. REGIONS AND ENERGY SOURCES
TABLE 19: INDUSTRIAL BIOMASS ELECTRICITY NET GENERATION BY U.S. REGIONS AND ENERGY SOURCES
EUROPEAN MSWTE:
TABLE 20: VALUE OF EUROPEAN MSWTE ASSETS, 2015-2021
TABLE 21: EUROPEAN LEADERS IN LANDFILLLING
TABLE 22: ELECTRICAL AND HEAT EFFICIENCY IN EUROPEAN WTE PLANTS
ASIA MSWTE
TABLE 23: ASIA’S ESTIMATED MSWTE ASSETT PROFILE, 2015-2021
TABLE 24: TREATMENT METHODS IN EAST ASIA
CHINA
TABLE 25: REPRESENTATIVE WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS IN CHINA
INDIA
JAPAN
TABLE 26: JAPANESE WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS
REST OF THE WORLD
AFRICA
BRAZIL
WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 27: MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE- TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, FEEDSTOCKS AND PRODUCTS
COMBUSTION
FIGURE 2: WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANT DIAGRAM
CO-FIRING
FIGURE 3: TYPICAL MSWTE PLANT CONFIGURATION
COMBUSTION PLANT COSTS
TABLE 28: LOW AND HIGH EFFICIENCY FOR MSW POWER PLANTS
TABLE 29: CARBON DIOXIDE OFFSET RATES
LANDFILL GAS
TABLE 30: LANDFILL GAS FACILITY EQUIPMENT
REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL (RDF):
FIGURE 4 DIAGRAM OF RDF PRODUCTION
WITH NON-DEDICATED PLANT
FIGURE 5: BIOMASS TO FUELS CONVERSION PATHWAYS
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION (AD)
MECHANICAL BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
GASIFICATION
TABLE 31: GASIFICATION FEEDSTOCKS BY MARKET PERCENT
FIGURE 6: BASIC GASIFICATION PROCESS
FIGURE 7: BIOMASS GASIFIER FLOW CHART
TABLE 32: BIOMASS GASIFICATION VERSUS SOLAR AND WIND POWER
PYROLYSIS
DEPOLYMERIZATION
TYPES OF GASIFIERS FOR MSW TREATMENT:
TABLE 33: THERMAL CAPACITY BY GASIFIER DESIGN
GASIFICATION WITH PURE OXYGEN OR HYDROGEN
PLASMA GASIFICATION
FIGURE 8: ILLUSTRATION OF PLASMA ARC
FIGURE 9: PLASMA GASIFICATION SCHEMATIC FOR MUNICIPAL
SOLID WASTE TO ENERGY
FIGURE 10: PLASMA PROCESSING OF MSW AT COAL-FIRED PLANTS
PLASMA ARC
GAS PLASMA PROCESS
ULTRA-HIGH TEMPERATURE (UHT) PLASMA GASIFICATION
FIGURE 11: PLASMA GAS VITRIFICATION PROCESS
TABLE 34: COMPARISON OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROCESSES FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GASIFICATION
GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION
TABLE 35: POUNDS OF CO2 PER MWH BY FUEL SOURCE
CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
DISADVANTAGES OF GASIFICATION
LANDFILL GAS (LFG)
TABLE 36: EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS FROM A 1 MW LANDFILL GAS-TO-ENERGY PROJECT
TECHNOLOGY BENEFITS AND HURDLES OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY
CONSIDERATIONS FOR WTE IMPLEMENTATION
MATERIAL RECOVERY
TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
WASTE AS A RESOURCE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
AIR EMISSIONS
TABLE 37: MSWTE POLLUTION CONTROLS
WATER RESOURCES
SOLID WASTE GENERATION
LAND RESOURCE USE
PERMITTING ISSUES FOR MASS BURN FACILITIES
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS
ECONOMIC MECHANISMS FOR SUPPORTING RENEWABLE ENERGY
RENEWABLE ENERGY CREDITS (RECS)
CARBON CREDITS
THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM FOR LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY
LAWS AND REGULATIONS REGARDING RENEWABLE ENERGY
ACTIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ELSEWHERE
UNITED STATES LAWS AND REGULATIONS
FEDERAL LEGISLATION
PERMITTING ISSUES
PERMITTING ISSUES FOR LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY
PERMITTING ISSUES FOR MASS BURN/COMBUSTION FACILITIES
PERMITTING ISSUES FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL COMBUSTION FACILITIES
PERMITTING ISSUES FOR PYROLYSIS/THERMAL GASIFICATION
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION ISSUES
STATE REGULATIONS
STATE RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS (RPS)
FLORIDA DEPT. OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WHITE PAPER ON PLASMA ARC
INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS: CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM AND WASTE-TO-ENERGY
EUROPEAN REGULATIONS
WORLD MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
TABLE 38: LEADING MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMPANIES
TABLE 39: DISTRIBUTION OF TOP MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY
COMPANIES BY REGION
TABLE 40: DISTRIBUTION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY
COMPANIES BY REGION
TABLE 41: NORTH AMERICAN MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMPANIES
TABLE 42: EUROPEAN MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMPANIES
TABLE 43: ASIAN MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMPANIES
TABLE 44: OCEANIA MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMPANIES
MARKET DRIVERS
TABLE 45: 2009 TOTAL U.S. MUNICIPAL WASTE BY MATERIAL
WORLD MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES MARKET
EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 46: WESTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 47: EASTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
ASIA AND OCEANIA MARKETS FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 48: ASIAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 49: OCEANIAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 50: SOUTHEAST ASIAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 51: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 52: CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
AFRICAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 55: NORTH AFRICAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 54: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
MIDDLE EASTERN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 55: MIDDLE EASTERN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 56: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY
COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY REGION THROUGH 2021
EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 57: WESTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY
TABLE 58: EASTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY
ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 59: ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 60: OCEANIAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 61: SOUTHEAST ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 62: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 63: CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY
AFRICAN DEMAND FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 64: NORTH AFRICAN DEMAND FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 65: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DEMAND FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
MIDDLE EAST DEMAND FOR COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS
TABLE 66: MIDDLE EAST DEMAND FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 67: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY REGION THROUGH 2021
EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 68: WESTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 69: EASTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 70 ASIAN DEMAND FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 71: OCEANIAN DEMAND FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 72 SOUTHEAST ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 73: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 74: CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
AFRICAN DEMAND FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 75: NORTH AFRICAN DEMAND FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 76: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DEMAND FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
MIDDLE EAST DEMAND FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 77: MIDDLE EASTERN DEMAND FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
WORLD MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 78: GLOBAL MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY REGION THROUGH 2021
EUROPEAN MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 79: WESTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR REFUSE DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021
TABLE 80: EASTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
ASIAN MARKET FOR REFUSE DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 81: ASIAN MARKET FOR REFUSE DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 82: OCEANIAN MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 83: SOUTHEAST ASIAN MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 84: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 85: CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR REFUSE DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
AFRICAN DEMAND FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 86: NORTH AFRICAN DEMAND FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 87: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DEMAND FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
MIDDLE EAST DEMAND FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 88: MIDDLE EAST DEMAND FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
WORLD MARKET FOR PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 89: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY REGION THROUGH 2021
EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 90: WESTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 91: EASTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 92: ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 93: OCEANIAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 94: SOUTHEAST ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA
GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 95: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 96: CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY
AFRICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 97: NORTH AFRICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 98: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
MIDDLE EASTERN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 99: MIDDLE EASTERN MARKET FOR MWTE FROM PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021
WORLD MARKET FOR PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY
TABLE 100: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY REGION THROUGH 2021
EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 101: WESTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS
GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 102: EASTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
ASIAN AND OCEANIAN MARKETS FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 103: ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 104: OCEANIAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 105: SOUTHEAST ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 106: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 107: CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY
AFRICAN DEMAND FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 108: NORTH AFRICA DEMAND FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS
GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 109: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DEMAND FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY
MIDDLE EASTERN DEMAND FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 110: MIDDLE EAST DEMAND FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
NEW DEVELOPMENTS
WASTE TO ENERGY
DRY ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION OF ORGANIC FRACTION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE WITH PAPERBOARD MILL SLUDGE AND GELATIN SOLID WASTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES: REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS
ASSESSMENT OF WASTE DERIVED GASES AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY
BIOELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL WASTE LIQUOR IN MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS FOR ENERGY VALORIZATION
PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF A SOLID ENERGY FUEL FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) AND RECYCLED PLASTICS
EXTRACTION OF MEDIUM CHAIN FATTY ACIDS FROM ORGANIC MUNICIPAL WASTE AND SUBSEQUENT PRODUCTION OF BIO-BASED FUELS
HYDROGEN-RICH GAS PRODUCTION BY THE GASIFICATION OF WET MSW (MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE) COUPLED WITH CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE
EXTRACTION OF SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES FROM ORGANIC SOLID MUNICIPAL WASTE TO INCREASE METHANE PRODUCTION
POTENTIAL OF BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM ORGANIC FRACTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (OFMSW) USING PILOT-SCALE DRY ANAEROBIC REACTOR
A REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES AND PERFORMANCES OF THERMAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE
WASTE TO ENERGY: EXPLOITATION OF BIOGAS FROM ORGANIC WASTE IN A 500 WEL SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL (SOFC) STACK
TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN CONVERSION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TO ENERGY
ENERGY PRODUCTION THROUGH ORGANIC FRACTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE—A MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODELING APPROACH
CO-DIGESTION OF MUNICIPAL SLUDGE AND EXTERNAL ORGANIC WASTES FOR ENHANCED BIOGAS PRODUCTION UNDER REALISTIC PLANT CONSTRAINTS
PLASMA GASIFICATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
ADVANCED SOLUTIONS IN COMBUSTION-BASED WTE TECHNOLOGIES
REPOWERING EXI WITH GAS TURBINES
PATENTS AND PATENT ANALYSIS
TABLE 111: SAMPLE OF CURRENT U.S. PATENT GENERATION TRENDS IN WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY BY YEAR
TABLE 112: U.S. PATENTS IN WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 113: U.S. PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGY, 2013–2015
SAMPLE OF U.S. PATENT ABSTRACTS
BATCH WASTE GASIFICATION PROCESS
PRODUCING LIQUID FUEL FROM ORGANIC MATERIAL SUCH AS BIOMASS AND WASTE RESIDUES
PROCESSING BIOMASS AND PETROLEUM CONTAINING MATERIALS
PLASMA-ASSISTED WASTE GASIFICATION SYSTEM
PLASMA ASSISTED GASIFICATION SYSTEM WITH AN INDIRECT VACUUM SYSTEM
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONVERSION OF SOLID WASTE INTO SYNTHETIC OIL, GAS, AND FERTILIZER
METHODS OF PRODUCING LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUELS FROM SOLID PLASTIC WASTES
PROCESSING BIOMASS
PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING ENGINEERED FUEL
PHOTONIC RADIOLYSIS OF WASTE MATERIALS
MECHANIZED SEPARATION AND RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR SOLID WASTE
PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIO-OIL FROM SOLID URBAN WASTE
METHOD FOR CONVERTING BIOMASS TO METHANE
U.S. REGISTERED PATENTS
TABLE 114: SAMPLE OF LATEST U.S. WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY PATENTS, 2013-2015
COMPANY PROFILES
AALBORG ENERGIE TECHNIK A/S
ADI SYSTEMS INC.
AEROTHERMAL GROUP
WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION
WMT-LBS GMBH
ZERO WASTE ENERGY, LLC (ZWE)
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
FORMAT AND SCOPE
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
WHO SHOULD SUBSCRIBE?
AUTHOR’S CREDENTIALS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SUMMARY TABLE A: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY REGION THROUGH 2021
SUMMARY FIGURE A: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY REGION THROUGH 2021
SUMMARY TABLE B: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY BY TECHNOLOGY THROUGH 2021
SUMMARY FIGURE B: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY BY TECHNOLOGY THROUGH 2021
MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
WASTE AS FUEL SOURCE: ENERGY CONTENT
TABLE 1: AVERAGE HEAT CONTENT OF SELECTED BIOMASS FUELS
COST OF HARVESTING, COLLECTING, AND DELIVERING FEEDSTOCK
SOURCES OF WASTE
TABLE 2: U.S. MSW CONTENT BY MATERIAL, 2007
FIGURE 1: TOTAL U.S. MSW GENERATION BY MATERIAL
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION (C&D) WASTE
MINING AND QUARRYING (M&Q) WASTE
COMMERCIAL WASTE
HOUSEHOLD WASTE
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
AGRICULTURAL WASTE
SEWAGE WASTE
TABLE 3: AVERAGE MILLION BTU PER TON FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW)
TABLE 4: BIOGENIC AND NON-BIOGENIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW)
LANDFILLS
WASTE TO ENERGY VALUE
TABLE 5: GLOBAL VALUE OF WASTE TO ENERGY ASSETS, 2016-2021
GLOBAL VALUE OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURES FOR WTE
TABLE 6: ESTIMATED CAPITAL EXPENDITURES IN MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY BY REGION, 2014-2021
TABLE 7: MSWTE TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 8: ESTIMATED MSWTE GIGAWATTS OF POWER BY REGION
GLOBAL VALUE OF TOTAL TIPPING FEES TO SWTE
TABLE 9: VALUE OF TOTAL TIPPING FEES, 2014-2021
GLOBAL CARBON OFFSET VALUE
TABLE 10: TOTAL ESTIMATED VALUES OF CARBON OFFSETS
GLOBAL VALUE OF METAL RECOVERY:
TABLE 11: ESTIMATED TOTAL VALUE OF METAL RECOVERY BY REGION
VALUE OF OTHER WTE PRODUCTS
MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY IN THE U.S.
TABLE 12: SUMMARY VALUE OF MSWTE ASSETS U.S. 2014-2021
TABLE 13: U.S. WASTE-TO-ENERGY CAPACITY ESTIMATED PROFILE
TABLE 14: U.S. WASTE-TO-ENERGY SITES, 2014-2021
TABLE 15: MUNICIPAL WASTE SOURCE, VALUE AND PERCENT OF MSW MARKET
THE U.S. COMBUSTION MARKET
TABLE 16: US STATES RANKED ACCORDING TO ENERGY PRODUCED FROM WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS (1000S KWH)
OTHER WASTE TO ENERGY IN THE U.S.
TABLE 17: INDUSTRIAL WASTE TO ENERGY BY WASTE PRODUCT IN KILOWATT HOURS
TABLE 18: INDUSTRIAL BIOMASS ELECTRICITY NET GENERATION BY U.S. REGIONS AND ENERGY SOURCES
TABLE 19: INDUSTRIAL BIOMASS ELECTRICITY NET GENERATION BY U.S. REGIONS AND ENERGY SOURCES
EUROPEAN MSWTE:
TABLE 20: VALUE OF EUROPEAN MSWTE ASSETS, 2015-2021
TABLE 21: EUROPEAN LEADERS IN LANDFILLLING
TABLE 22: ELECTRICAL AND HEAT EFFICIENCY IN EUROPEAN WTE PLANTS
ASIA MSWTE
TABLE 23: ASIA’S ESTIMATED MSWTE ASSETT PROFILE, 2015-2021
TABLE 24: TREATMENT METHODS IN EAST ASIA
CHINA
TABLE 25: REPRESENTATIVE WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS IN CHINA
INDIA
JAPAN
TABLE 26: JAPANESE WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS
REST OF THE WORLD
AFRICA
BRAZIL
WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 27: MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE- TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, FEEDSTOCKS AND PRODUCTS
COMBUSTION
FIGURE 2: WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANT DIAGRAM
CO-FIRING
FIGURE 3: TYPICAL MSWTE PLANT CONFIGURATION
COMBUSTION PLANT COSTS
TABLE 28: LOW AND HIGH EFFICIENCY FOR MSW POWER PLANTS
TABLE 29: CARBON DIOXIDE OFFSET RATES
LANDFILL GAS
TABLE 30: LANDFILL GAS FACILITY EQUIPMENT
REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL (RDF):
FIGURE 4 DIAGRAM OF RDF PRODUCTION
WITH NON-DEDICATED PLANT
FIGURE 5: BIOMASS TO FUELS CONVERSION PATHWAYS
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION (AD)
MECHANICAL BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
GASIFICATION
TABLE 31: GASIFICATION FEEDSTOCKS BY MARKET PERCENT
FIGURE 6: BASIC GASIFICATION PROCESS
FIGURE 7: BIOMASS GASIFIER FLOW CHART
TABLE 32: BIOMASS GASIFICATION VERSUS SOLAR AND WIND POWER
PYROLYSIS
DEPOLYMERIZATION
TYPES OF GASIFIERS FOR MSW TREATMENT:
TABLE 33: THERMAL CAPACITY BY GASIFIER DESIGN
GASIFICATION WITH PURE OXYGEN OR HYDROGEN
PLASMA GASIFICATION
FIGURE 8: ILLUSTRATION OF PLASMA ARC
FIGURE 9: PLASMA GASIFICATION SCHEMATIC FOR MUNICIPAL
SOLID WASTE TO ENERGY
FIGURE 10: PLASMA PROCESSING OF MSW AT COAL-FIRED PLANTS
PLASMA ARC
GAS PLASMA PROCESS
ULTRA-HIGH TEMPERATURE (UHT) PLASMA GASIFICATION
FIGURE 11: PLASMA GAS VITRIFICATION PROCESS
TABLE 34: COMPARISON OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROCESSES FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GASIFICATION
GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION
TABLE 35: POUNDS OF CO2 PER MWH BY FUEL SOURCE
CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
DISADVANTAGES OF GASIFICATION
LANDFILL GAS (LFG)
TABLE 36: EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS FROM A 1 MW LANDFILL GAS-TO-ENERGY PROJECT
TECHNOLOGY BENEFITS AND HURDLES OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY
CONSIDERATIONS FOR WTE IMPLEMENTATION
MATERIAL RECOVERY
TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
WASTE AS A RESOURCE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
AIR EMISSIONS
TABLE 37: MSWTE POLLUTION CONTROLS
WATER RESOURCES
SOLID WASTE GENERATION
LAND RESOURCE USE
PERMITTING ISSUES FOR MASS BURN FACILITIES
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS
ECONOMIC MECHANISMS FOR SUPPORTING RENEWABLE ENERGY
RENEWABLE ENERGY CREDITS (RECS)
CARBON CREDITS
THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM FOR LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY
LAWS AND REGULATIONS REGARDING RENEWABLE ENERGY
ACTIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ELSEWHERE
UNITED STATES LAWS AND REGULATIONS
FEDERAL LEGISLATION
PERMITTING ISSUES
PERMITTING ISSUES FOR LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY
PERMITTING ISSUES FOR MASS BURN/COMBUSTION FACILITIES
PERMITTING ISSUES FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL COMBUSTION FACILITIES
PERMITTING ISSUES FOR PYROLYSIS/THERMAL GASIFICATION
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION ISSUES
STATE REGULATIONS
STATE RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS (RPS)
FLORIDA DEPT. OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WHITE PAPER ON PLASMA ARC
INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS: CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM AND WASTE-TO-ENERGY
EUROPEAN REGULATIONS
WORLD MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
TABLE 38: LEADING MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMPANIES
TABLE 39: DISTRIBUTION OF TOP MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY
COMPANIES BY REGION
TABLE 40: DISTRIBUTION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY
COMPANIES BY REGION
TABLE 41: NORTH AMERICAN MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMPANIES
TABLE 42: EUROPEAN MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMPANIES
TABLE 43: ASIAN MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMPANIES
TABLE 44: OCEANIA MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMPANIES
MARKET DRIVERS
TABLE 45: 2009 TOTAL U.S. MUNICIPAL WASTE BY MATERIAL
WORLD MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES MARKET
EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 46: WESTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 47: EASTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
ASIA AND OCEANIA MARKETS FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 48: ASIAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 49: OCEANIAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 50: SOUTHEAST ASIAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 51: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 52: CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
AFRICAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 55: NORTH AFRICAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 54: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
MIDDLE EASTERN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 55: MIDDLE EASTERN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 56: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY
COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY REGION THROUGH 2021
EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 57: WESTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY
TABLE 58: EASTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY
ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 59: ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 60: OCEANIAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 61: SOUTHEAST ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 62: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 63: CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY
AFRICAN DEMAND FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 64: NORTH AFRICAN DEMAND FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 65: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DEMAND FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
MIDDLE EAST DEMAND FOR COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS
TABLE 66: MIDDLE EAST DEMAND FOR MWTE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 67: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY REGION THROUGH 2021
EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 68: WESTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 69: EASTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 70 ASIAN DEMAND FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 71: OCEANIAN DEMAND FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 72 SOUTHEAST ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 73: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 74: CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
AFRICAN DEMAND FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 75: NORTH AFRICAN DEMAND FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 76: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DEMAND FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
MIDDLE EAST DEMAND FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 77: MIDDLE EASTERN DEMAND FOR MWTE LANDFILL GAS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
WORLD MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 78: GLOBAL MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY REGION THROUGH 2021
EUROPEAN MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 79: WESTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR REFUSE DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021
TABLE 80: EASTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
ASIAN MARKET FOR REFUSE DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 81: ASIAN MARKET FOR REFUSE DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 82: OCEANIAN MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 83: SOUTHEAST ASIAN MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 84: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 85: CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR REFUSE DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
AFRICAN DEMAND FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 86: NORTH AFRICAN DEMAND FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 87: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DEMAND FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
MIDDLE EAST DEMAND FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 88: MIDDLE EAST DEMAND FOR REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
WORLD MARKET FOR PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 89: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY REGION THROUGH 2021
EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 90: WESTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 91: EASTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 92: ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 93: OCEANIAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 94: SOUTHEAST ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA
GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 95: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 96: CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY
AFRICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 97: NORTH AFRICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 98: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
MIDDLE EASTERN MARKET FOR MWTE PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 99: MIDDLE EASTERN MARKET FOR MWTE FROM PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021
WORLD MARKET FOR PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ENERGY
TABLE 100: GLOBAL MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY REGION THROUGH 2021
EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 101: WESTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS
GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 102: EASTERN EUROPEAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
ASIAN AND OCEANIAN MARKETS FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 103: ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 104: OCEANIAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 105: SOUTHEAST ASIAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 106: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 107: CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY
AFRICAN DEMAND FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 108: NORTH AFRICA DEMAND FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS
GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
TABLE 109: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DEMAND FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY
MIDDLE EASTERN DEMAND FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 110: MIDDLE EAST DEMAND FOR MWTE PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY COUNTRY THROUGH 2021
NEW DEVELOPMENTS
WASTE TO ENERGY
DRY ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION OF ORGANIC FRACTION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE WITH PAPERBOARD MILL SLUDGE AND GELATIN SOLID WASTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES: REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS
ASSESSMENT OF WASTE DERIVED GASES AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY
BIOELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL WASTE LIQUOR IN MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS FOR ENERGY VALORIZATION
PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF A SOLID ENERGY FUEL FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) AND RECYCLED PLASTICS
EXTRACTION OF MEDIUM CHAIN FATTY ACIDS FROM ORGANIC MUNICIPAL WASTE AND SUBSEQUENT PRODUCTION OF BIO-BASED FUELS
HYDROGEN-RICH GAS PRODUCTION BY THE GASIFICATION OF WET MSW (MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE) COUPLED WITH CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE
EXTRACTION OF SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES FROM ORGANIC SOLID MUNICIPAL WASTE TO INCREASE METHANE PRODUCTION
POTENTIAL OF BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM ORGANIC FRACTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (OFMSW) USING PILOT-SCALE DRY ANAEROBIC REACTOR
A REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES AND PERFORMANCES OF THERMAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE
WASTE TO ENERGY: EXPLOITATION OF BIOGAS FROM ORGANIC WASTE IN A 500 WEL SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL (SOFC) STACK
TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN CONVERSION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TO ENERGY
ENERGY PRODUCTION THROUGH ORGANIC FRACTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE—A MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODELING APPROACH
CO-DIGESTION OF MUNICIPAL SLUDGE AND EXTERNAL ORGANIC WASTES FOR ENHANCED BIOGAS PRODUCTION UNDER REALISTIC PLANT CONSTRAINTS
PLASMA GASIFICATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
ADVANCED SOLUTIONS IN COMBUSTION-BASED WTE TECHNOLOGIES
REPOWERING EXI WITH GAS TURBINES
PATENTS AND PATENT ANALYSIS
TABLE 111: SAMPLE OF CURRENT U.S. PATENT GENERATION TRENDS IN WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY BY YEAR
TABLE 112: U.S. PATENTS IN WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 113: U.S. PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGY, 2013–2015
SAMPLE OF U.S. PATENT ABSTRACTS
BATCH WASTE GASIFICATION PROCESS
PRODUCING LIQUID FUEL FROM ORGANIC MATERIAL SUCH AS BIOMASS AND WASTE RESIDUES
PROCESSING BIOMASS AND PETROLEUM CONTAINING MATERIALS
PLASMA-ASSISTED WASTE GASIFICATION SYSTEM
PLASMA ASSISTED GASIFICATION SYSTEM WITH AN INDIRECT VACUUM SYSTEM
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONVERSION OF SOLID WASTE INTO SYNTHETIC OIL, GAS, AND FERTILIZER
METHODS OF PRODUCING LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUELS FROM SOLID PLASTIC WASTES
PROCESSING BIOMASS
PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING ENGINEERED FUEL
PHOTONIC RADIOLYSIS OF WASTE MATERIALS
MECHANIZED SEPARATION AND RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR SOLID WASTE
PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIO-OIL FROM SOLID URBAN WASTE
METHOD FOR CONVERTING BIOMASS TO METHANE
U.S. REGISTERED PATENTS
TABLE 114: SAMPLE OF LATEST U.S. WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY PATENTS, 2013-2015
COMPANY PROFILES
AALBORG ENERGIE TECHNIK A/S
ADI SYSTEMS INC.
AEROTHERMAL GROUP
WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION
WMT-LBS GMBH
ZERO WASTE ENERGY, LLC (ZWE)
