LED and OLED Global Markets, 2nd Edition
This research report presents an in-depth analysis of the development, performance, applications, products, manufacturers, and trends in the worldwide use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). LEDs are now widely used in mobile electronics, flat panel televisions, traffic signals, automotive lights and signals, and general illumination among many other applications. OLEDs are not as common and are typically used for small electronic displays. However, they have all but taken over the display market for smart phones, displacing LEDs as they do so. Significant strides have been made in LED and OLED manufacturing, performance, and product applications over the past five years and both technologies are now poised to revolutionize the lighting and electronics industry with their long-lifetimes and an energy-efficient operation.
This report contains a comprehensive analysis of the current market for LED and OLED technologies as well as projections for market size and end-use application growth through 2022. Marketing concerns including cost, energy demand, environmental impacts, economic conditions, consumer acceptance, intellectual property rights, and government activities are discussed in detail. The report also profiles major manufacturers and marketers of LEDs and OLEDs and the strategies they have adopted to maximize growth and profitability.
LEDs have been used in many industrial, business, and consumer applications for a number of years and are now beginning to penetrate the general illumination market in significant numbers. OLEDs are also becoming more widely used and are expected to have significant impacts on the flat panel television market and the general illumination market within the next five years. Cost has been – and remains – the final obstacle to rapid growth of both LEDs and OLEDs since the brightness levels and operational lifetimes have surpassed that of incandescent and fluorescent lighting products. From mobile phones to automobiles to billboards to television sets and virtually every other product that requires lighting, LEDs and OLEDs have proven their many advantages over alternative lighting technologies. This report delineates these advantages and the potential impacts LED and OLED technologies bring to various markets and applications for the next ten years.
This report contains a comprehensive analysis of the current market for LED and OLED technologies as well as projections for market size and end-use application growth through 2022. Marketing concerns including cost, energy demand, environmental impacts, economic conditions, consumer acceptance, intellectual property rights, and government activities are discussed in detail. The report also profiles major manufacturers and marketers of LEDs and OLEDs and the strategies they have adopted to maximize growth and profitability.
LEDs have been used in many industrial, business, and consumer applications for a number of years and are now beginning to penetrate the general illumination market in significant numbers. OLEDs are also becoming more widely used and are expected to have significant impacts on the flat panel television market and the general illumination market within the next five years. Cost has been – and remains – the final obstacle to rapid growth of both LEDs and OLEDs since the brightness levels and operational lifetimes have surpassed that of incandescent and fluorescent lighting products. From mobile phones to automobiles to billboards to television sets and virtually every other product that requires lighting, LEDs and OLEDs have proven their many advantages over alternative lighting technologies. This report delineates these advantages and the potential impacts LED and OLED technologies bring to various markets and applications for the next ten years.
CHAPTER 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Scope
Research Methodology
Solid State Lighting (SSL)
Figure 1-1 Historical Electric Rates & Electricity Generation – United States 1990-2011 (cents per kWh, Gigawatt-hour (GWh)
Figure 1-2 Projected Energy Consumption Reductions from LED Lighting, (2010-2030)
Light emitting Diodes (LEDs)
Figure 1-3 LED Schematic
Table 1-1 LED Semiconductor Materials and Associated Light Color
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)
Figure 1-4 Typical OLED Construction
SSL Applications
LED Applications
OLED Applications
Figure 1-5 Example of OLED Lighting
LED and OLED Advantages
Table 1-2 Advantages of LEDs and OLEDs
OLED Advantages Over LEDs
OLED Advantages over LCDs
LED and OLED Disadvantages
The Current Market for LEDs and OLEDs
Figure 1-6 LED and OLED Market 2008-2012 ($ billions)
Figure 1-7 Selected LED and OLED Markets 2008-2012 ($ billions)
Factors Enhancing and Inhibiting LED and OLED Growth
Manufacturing costs
Economic Conditions
Demand for Energy Efficient Lighting
Energy and Fuel Costs
Environmental Concerns
New Applications
Common Standards
The Market for LEDs and OLEDs 2013-2022
Packaged LED Market Growth
Figure 1-8 Packaged LED Market Growth 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Figure 1-9 Packaged LED Market by Country 2013-2022 ($ billions)
LED General Illumination Market Growth
Figure 1-10 Global Lighting Market by Lighting Technology 2013-2022($ billions)
OLED Market Growth
Figure 1-11 OLED Market Size 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Summary
Figure 1-12 LED and OLED Market Size 2013-2022 ($ billions)
CHAPTER 2 LED MARKET DESCRIPTION
Scope
Light Emitting Diodes Defined
Diode Overview
Figure 2-1: P-N Junction Materials
Figure 2-2: P-N Junction Formation
Figure 2-3: P-N Junction Depletion Zone
Figure 2-4: P-N Junction Depletion Zone Removal
Semiconductor Materials
Table 2-1: LED Semiconductor Materials and Associated Light Color .. 34
LED Light Color
Figure 2-5: LED White Light Production
Table 2-2: White LED Production Methods – Advantages and Disadvantages
History of LEDs
Figure 2-6: Haitz’s Law (Flux per LED – Lumens (lm))
Advantages of LEDs
Table 2-3: Light Technology Lifetimes (Hours)
Table 2-4: Advantages of LEDs
Disadvantages of LEDs
Table 2-5: 60-watt Equivalent Light Bulb Costs
LED Efficiency
Figure 2-7: CIE Uniform Chromaticity Scale (UCS) diagram (1960)
LED Manufacturing Process
Figure 2-8: LED Wafer
Figure 2-9 LED Packages – Examples
High Brightness LEDs
LED Drivers
Packaged LEDs
LED Applications
Automotive
Figure 2-10: Global New Automobile Production 1999-2012 (millions)
Backlighting & Projection
Mobile
Signals
Signs and Displays
General Illumination Applications
Industrial, Medical, Scientific
Summary
CHAPTER 3 LED MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
Scope
LED Market Components
The Packaged LED Market Today
Figure 3-1: Global Packaged LED Market, 2008–2012 ($ billions)
Figure 3-2: Global Packaged LED Market by Region, 2008–2012($ billions)
Figure 3-3: Global Packaged LED Market by Segment, 2008–2012($ billions)
The LED Lighting Market Today
Figure 3-4: Global Lighting Market, 2008–2012 ($ billions)
LED Market Growth Drivers and Inhibitors
Table 3-1: 60 Watt Equivalent Bulb – Price Comparison (October 2012)
Cost Reduction
Economic Conditions
Demand for Energy Efficient Lighting
Figure 3-5: U.S. Household Usage of Compact Fluorescent and Energy
Efficient Lighting, 2003-2012 (percent of households)
Energy and Fuel Costs
Figure 3-6: Projected Energy Consumption Reductions from LED
Lighting (2010-2030)
The Green Movement
Common Standards
Incandescent Bulb Phase-Out
Figure 3-7: Percent of World Population and Electric Consumption
Affected by Incandescent Light Bulb Restrictions
New Applications
LED Market Growth 2013-2022
Overall LED Market Growth
Figure 3-8: LED Market Size 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Regional Growth – Packaged LEDs
Table 3-2: World Economic Growth Rates (Selected Countries)
Figure 3-9: Packaged LED Market by Region 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Figure 3-10: Packaged LED Market by Region 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Country Growth – Packaged LEDs
Figure 3-11: Packaged LED Market by Country 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Table 3-3: Packaged LED Market by Country (2013-2022 - Selected Countries) ($ billions)
The Packaged LED Market – by Segment
Figure 3-12: Packaged LED Market by Segment 2013-2022 ($ billions)
General Illumination Market
Figure 3-13: Packaged LED Market – General Illumination and Signals 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Signals Market
Mobile Market
Figure 3-14: Packaged LED Market – Mobile and Backlighting &
Projection 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Backlighting & Projection Market
Automotive Market
Figure 3-15: Packaged LED Market – Automotive 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Signs and Displays
Figure 3-16: Packaged LED Market – Signs & Displays and Industrial,Medical, Scientific 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Industrial, Medical, Scientific
The LED Lighting Market
Figure 3-17: Global Lighting Market by Lighting Technology 2013-2017($ billions)
Figure 3-18: Global Lighting Market by Lighting Technology 2013-2022($ billions)
Regional Growth
Figure 3-19: Global Lighting Market by Region 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Country Growth
Figure 3-20: Global Lighting Market by Country 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Summary
CHAPTER 4 OLED MARKET AND GROWTH
Scope
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)
Figure 4-1: Typical OLED Construction
Types of OLEDs
OLED History
OLED Manufacturing
OLED Advantages
Advantages over LCDs
OLED Disadvantages
OLED Market and Growth
The OLED Market 2008-2012
Figure 4-2: OLED Market Growth 2008-2012 ($ billions)
Figure 4-3: OLED Display Units 2008-2012 (millions)
OLED Market Share
Figure 4-4: OLED Company Market Share 2008-2012 (percent of market by display units produced)
OLED Growth Factors
Small Display OLED Market
Figure 4-5: Small Display OLED Market 2013-2022 ($ billions)
OLED Flat Panel Television Market
Figure 4-6: OLED TV Market 2013-2022 ($ billions)
OLED Lighting Market
Table 4-1: OLED Lighting Panels and Performance Characteristics
Figure 4-7: OLED Light Fixture Example
Figure 4-8: OLED General Illumination Market 2013-2022 ($ billions) 116
OLED Market Growth 2013-2022
Figure 4-9: OLED Market Size 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Summary
CHAPTER 5 PRODUCT AND MARKET TRENDS
Scope
Reducing LED and OLED Failure Rates
Chip Failure
Table 5-1: Multiple LED Failure Rates (Probability of 3 or more
LEDs failing in a 50-LED luminaire)
Non-illumination Failure
Street Lighting
Table 5-2: LED versus Comparative Street Lighting Technologies
Equivalent Costs
Table 5-3: LED and Conventional Street Lighting Lifetimes and Maintenance Costs
Municipal Solid-State Street Lighting Consortium
Table 5-4: Municipal Solid-State Street Lighting Consortium Test Results (Selected Cities)
LightSavers Program
LED Street Lighting Effectiveness
Figure 5-1: LED and Metal Halide Lighting Comparison
Economics of LED Street Lighting
New Products
Government Initiatives
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Initiatives
The L Prize
Figure 5-2: L Prize Winning Entry
Other Countries
LED Manufacturing Advances
OLED Manufacturing Advances
Table 5-5: OLED Substrate GEN Size
LED Patents
OLED Patents
LED and OLED Distribution Channels
Retail Stores
Internet
Catalogs
Trade Shows and Other Channels
Summary
CHAPTER 6 COMPETITIVE PROFILES
Scope
Cree, Inc.
Overview
Business Model
Mergers and Acquisitions
Company Performance
Table 6-1: Cree, Inc. Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-2: Cree, Inc. Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
Philips Lumileds Lighting Company
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-3: Philips Lumileds - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-4: Philips Lumileds Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
OSRAM GmbH
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-5: OSRAM GmbH - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-6: Osram Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
OSRAM SYLVANIA
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-7: OSRAM SYLVANIA - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-8: OSRAM SYLVANIA Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
Nichia Corporation
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-9: Nichia - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-10: Nichia Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
GE Lighting Solutions, LLC
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-11: GE Lighting Solutions - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-12: GE Lighting Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
Samsung Display Company, Ltd
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-13: Samsung Display - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-14: Samsung SDI Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
AU Optronics Corporation
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-15: AU Optronics - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-16: AUO Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
Lumiotec Inc
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-17: Lumiotec - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-18: Lumiotec Product Portfolio
Significant Developments
Appendix
Scope
Research Methodology
Solid State Lighting (SSL)
Figure 1-1 Historical Electric Rates & Electricity Generation – United States 1990-2011 (cents per kWh, Gigawatt-hour (GWh)
Figure 1-2 Projected Energy Consumption Reductions from LED Lighting, (2010-2030)
Light emitting Diodes (LEDs)
Figure 1-3 LED Schematic
Table 1-1 LED Semiconductor Materials and Associated Light Color
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)
Figure 1-4 Typical OLED Construction
SSL Applications
LED Applications
OLED Applications
Figure 1-5 Example of OLED Lighting
LED and OLED Advantages
Table 1-2 Advantages of LEDs and OLEDs
OLED Advantages Over LEDs
OLED Advantages over LCDs
LED and OLED Disadvantages
The Current Market for LEDs and OLEDs
Figure 1-6 LED and OLED Market 2008-2012 ($ billions)
Figure 1-7 Selected LED and OLED Markets 2008-2012 ($ billions)
Factors Enhancing and Inhibiting LED and OLED Growth
Manufacturing costs
Economic Conditions
Demand for Energy Efficient Lighting
Energy and Fuel Costs
Environmental Concerns
New Applications
Common Standards
The Market for LEDs and OLEDs 2013-2022
Packaged LED Market Growth
Figure 1-8 Packaged LED Market Growth 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Figure 1-9 Packaged LED Market by Country 2013-2022 ($ billions)
LED General Illumination Market Growth
Figure 1-10 Global Lighting Market by Lighting Technology 2013-2022($ billions)
OLED Market Growth
Figure 1-11 OLED Market Size 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Summary
Figure 1-12 LED and OLED Market Size 2013-2022 ($ billions)
CHAPTER 2 LED MARKET DESCRIPTION
Scope
Light Emitting Diodes Defined
Diode Overview
Figure 2-1: P-N Junction Materials
Figure 2-2: P-N Junction Formation
Figure 2-3: P-N Junction Depletion Zone
Figure 2-4: P-N Junction Depletion Zone Removal
Semiconductor Materials
Table 2-1: LED Semiconductor Materials and Associated Light Color .. 34
LED Light Color
Figure 2-5: LED White Light Production
Table 2-2: White LED Production Methods – Advantages and Disadvantages
History of LEDs
Figure 2-6: Haitz’s Law (Flux per LED – Lumens (lm))
Advantages of LEDs
Table 2-3: Light Technology Lifetimes (Hours)
Table 2-4: Advantages of LEDs
Disadvantages of LEDs
Table 2-5: 60-watt Equivalent Light Bulb Costs
LED Efficiency
Figure 2-7: CIE Uniform Chromaticity Scale (UCS) diagram (1960)
LED Manufacturing Process
Figure 2-8: LED Wafer
Figure 2-9 LED Packages – Examples
High Brightness LEDs
LED Drivers
Packaged LEDs
LED Applications
Automotive
Figure 2-10: Global New Automobile Production 1999-2012 (millions)
Backlighting & Projection
Mobile
Signals
Signs and Displays
General Illumination Applications
Industrial, Medical, Scientific
Summary
CHAPTER 3 LED MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
Scope
LED Market Components
The Packaged LED Market Today
Figure 3-1: Global Packaged LED Market, 2008–2012 ($ billions)
Figure 3-2: Global Packaged LED Market by Region, 2008–2012($ billions)
Figure 3-3: Global Packaged LED Market by Segment, 2008–2012($ billions)
The LED Lighting Market Today
Figure 3-4: Global Lighting Market, 2008–2012 ($ billions)
LED Market Growth Drivers and Inhibitors
Table 3-1: 60 Watt Equivalent Bulb – Price Comparison (October 2012)
Cost Reduction
Economic Conditions
Demand for Energy Efficient Lighting
Figure 3-5: U.S. Household Usage of Compact Fluorescent and Energy
Efficient Lighting, 2003-2012 (percent of households)
Energy and Fuel Costs
Figure 3-6: Projected Energy Consumption Reductions from LED
Lighting (2010-2030)
The Green Movement
Common Standards
Incandescent Bulb Phase-Out
Figure 3-7: Percent of World Population and Electric Consumption
Affected by Incandescent Light Bulb Restrictions
New Applications
LED Market Growth 2013-2022
Overall LED Market Growth
Figure 3-8: LED Market Size 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Regional Growth – Packaged LEDs
Table 3-2: World Economic Growth Rates (Selected Countries)
Figure 3-9: Packaged LED Market by Region 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Figure 3-10: Packaged LED Market by Region 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Country Growth – Packaged LEDs
Figure 3-11: Packaged LED Market by Country 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Table 3-3: Packaged LED Market by Country (2013-2022 - Selected Countries) ($ billions)
The Packaged LED Market – by Segment
Figure 3-12: Packaged LED Market by Segment 2013-2022 ($ billions)
General Illumination Market
Figure 3-13: Packaged LED Market – General Illumination and Signals 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Signals Market
Mobile Market
Figure 3-14: Packaged LED Market – Mobile and Backlighting &
Projection 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Backlighting & Projection Market
Automotive Market
Figure 3-15: Packaged LED Market – Automotive 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Signs and Displays
Figure 3-16: Packaged LED Market – Signs & Displays and Industrial,Medical, Scientific 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Industrial, Medical, Scientific
The LED Lighting Market
Figure 3-17: Global Lighting Market by Lighting Technology 2013-2017($ billions)
Figure 3-18: Global Lighting Market by Lighting Technology 2013-2022($ billions)
Regional Growth
Figure 3-19: Global Lighting Market by Region 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Country Growth
Figure 3-20: Global Lighting Market by Country 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Summary
CHAPTER 4 OLED MARKET AND GROWTH
Scope
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)
Figure 4-1: Typical OLED Construction
Types of OLEDs
OLED History
OLED Manufacturing
OLED Advantages
Advantages over LCDs
OLED Disadvantages
OLED Market and Growth
The OLED Market 2008-2012
Figure 4-2: OLED Market Growth 2008-2012 ($ billions)
Figure 4-3: OLED Display Units 2008-2012 (millions)
OLED Market Share
Figure 4-4: OLED Company Market Share 2008-2012 (percent of market by display units produced)
OLED Growth Factors
Small Display OLED Market
Figure 4-5: Small Display OLED Market 2013-2022 ($ billions)
OLED Flat Panel Television Market
Figure 4-6: OLED TV Market 2013-2022 ($ billions)
OLED Lighting Market
Table 4-1: OLED Lighting Panels and Performance Characteristics
Figure 4-7: OLED Light Fixture Example
Figure 4-8: OLED General Illumination Market 2013-2022 ($ billions) 116
OLED Market Growth 2013-2022
Figure 4-9: OLED Market Size 2013-2022 ($ billions)
Summary
CHAPTER 5 PRODUCT AND MARKET TRENDS
Scope
Reducing LED and OLED Failure Rates
Chip Failure
Table 5-1: Multiple LED Failure Rates (Probability of 3 or more
LEDs failing in a 50-LED luminaire)
Non-illumination Failure
Street Lighting
Table 5-2: LED versus Comparative Street Lighting Technologies
Equivalent Costs
Table 5-3: LED and Conventional Street Lighting Lifetimes and Maintenance Costs
Municipal Solid-State Street Lighting Consortium
Table 5-4: Municipal Solid-State Street Lighting Consortium Test Results (Selected Cities)
LightSavers Program
LED Street Lighting Effectiveness
Figure 5-1: LED and Metal Halide Lighting Comparison
Economics of LED Street Lighting
New Products
Government Initiatives
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Initiatives
The L Prize
Figure 5-2: L Prize Winning Entry
Other Countries
LED Manufacturing Advances
OLED Manufacturing Advances
Table 5-5: OLED Substrate GEN Size
LED Patents
OLED Patents
LED and OLED Distribution Channels
Retail Stores
Internet
Catalogs
Trade Shows and Other Channels
Summary
CHAPTER 6 COMPETITIVE PROFILES
Scope
Cree, Inc.
Overview
Business Model
Mergers and Acquisitions
Company Performance
Table 6-1: Cree, Inc. Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-2: Cree, Inc. Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
Philips Lumileds Lighting Company
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-3: Philips Lumileds - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-4: Philips Lumileds Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
OSRAM GmbH
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-5: OSRAM GmbH - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-6: Osram Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
OSRAM SYLVANIA
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-7: OSRAM SYLVANIA - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-8: OSRAM SYLVANIA Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
Nichia Corporation
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-9: Nichia - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-10: Nichia Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
GE Lighting Solutions, LLC
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-11: GE Lighting Solutions - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-12: GE Lighting Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
Samsung Display Company, Ltd
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-13: Samsung Display - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-14: Samsung SDI Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
AU Optronics Corporation
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-15: AU Optronics - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-16: AUO Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
Lumiotec Inc
Overview
Business Model
Company Performance
Table 6-17: Lumiotec - Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 6-18: Lumiotec Product Portfolio
Significant Developments
Appendix
