Fuel Cell Technologies Worldwide
Fuel Cell Technologies Worldwide - Fuel cells represent an exciting and dynamic industry that could alter the way we produce and use energy for residential and commercial consumption, transportation, electronic devices, and more.
While fuel cells are a technology that has been known to scientists for almost 200 years, in the modern world, they represent an innovative source of energy. Fuel cells are favored as a “green” technology for their low emissions, quiet operation and high efficiency. They can be fed by fuels that are readily available, including biofuels, thus reducing reliance on foreign oil and an electric grid that is aging and in many places pushed beyond capacity.
The great appeal of fuel cells is that they can operate continuously as long as the necessary flows of fuel and oxygen are maintained, and they produce only water as a byproduct, rather than being a source of pollution.
Fuel cells have shown vigorous growth in the past few years. SBI Energy research finds that the market grew from $420 million in 2007 to $775 million in 2012. We forecast global sales will reach $4.2 billion by 2017 and continue this growth trend to reach $14.1 billion by 2022.
Much of the early growth optimism for the future of the industry was driven by U.S. and other government investment. However, early expectations of a quick, low-cost source of alternative energy were dampened by the realities of lengthy product development cycles, combined with the growing acceptance of alternative energy technologies such as wind and solar. The high profile bankruptcy of several renewable energy-focused recipients of government funds—including fuel cell manufacturer A123 Systems—prompted many lawmakers to rethink large-scale government investments in private sector fuel cell technology development. As the new US administration pulls back from aggressive investment in the technology, some observers are now questioning how quickly fuel cells can achieve widespread commercialization. As a consequence, fuel cells are in a race with other alternative energy technologies such as solar and wind for widespread acceptance.
In this dynamic and rapidly changing marketplace, SBI’s new report, Fuel Cell Technologies Worldwide, provides clear guidance and insight on various technologies and end-use markets. The report presents the historic growth (2007 - 2012) and growth potential (2012-2022) of the global market for fuel cells and various fuel cell technologies currently used. Market size and growth is broken out by major country and by region of the world. The report segments the market by technology (type of fuel cell as defined by the electrolyte used), and application (stationary power, portable electronics, motor vehicles, backup power supplies, military & aerospace, and others), and provides detailed profiles of companies that are leading the way in the industry.
The information in Fuel Cell Technologies Worldwide is based on interviews with industry leaders and fuel cell researchers, as well as primary and secondary data from industry sources such as Fuel Cell 2000, Fuel Cell Today, and the US Fuel Cell Council. Our research also included company literature and websites, news reports and research services such as OneSource.
What You’ll Get in This Report
Through extensive research by SBI Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Worldwide identifies current market drivers and trends, and makes important predictions about the future of this market. In addition, this report pinpoints ways current and prospective players can capitalize on current trends and spearhead new ones.
No other market research report provides both the comprehensive analysis and extensive data that Fuel Cell Technologies Worldwide offers. Plus, you’ll benefit from extensive data, presented in easy-to-read and practical charts, tables and graphs.
How You’ll Benefit from This Report
If your company is already doing business in the fuel cell market, or is considering making the leap, you will find this report invaluable, as it provides a comprehensive package of information and insight not offered in any other single source. You will gain a thorough understanding of the current market for fuel cells, as well as projected markets and trends through 2022.
This report will help:
While fuel cells are a technology that has been known to scientists for almost 200 years, in the modern world, they represent an innovative source of energy. Fuel cells are favored as a “green” technology for their low emissions, quiet operation and high efficiency. They can be fed by fuels that are readily available, including biofuels, thus reducing reliance on foreign oil and an electric grid that is aging and in many places pushed beyond capacity.
The great appeal of fuel cells is that they can operate continuously as long as the necessary flows of fuel and oxygen are maintained, and they produce only water as a byproduct, rather than being a source of pollution.
Fuel cells have shown vigorous growth in the past few years. SBI Energy research finds that the market grew from $420 million in 2007 to $775 million in 2012. We forecast global sales will reach $4.2 billion by 2017 and continue this growth trend to reach $14.1 billion by 2022.
Much of the early growth optimism for the future of the industry was driven by U.S. and other government investment. However, early expectations of a quick, low-cost source of alternative energy were dampened by the realities of lengthy product development cycles, combined with the growing acceptance of alternative energy technologies such as wind and solar. The high profile bankruptcy of several renewable energy-focused recipients of government funds—including fuel cell manufacturer A123 Systems—prompted many lawmakers to rethink large-scale government investments in private sector fuel cell technology development. As the new US administration pulls back from aggressive investment in the technology, some observers are now questioning how quickly fuel cells can achieve widespread commercialization. As a consequence, fuel cells are in a race with other alternative energy technologies such as solar and wind for widespread acceptance.
In this dynamic and rapidly changing marketplace, SBI’s new report, Fuel Cell Technologies Worldwide, provides clear guidance and insight on various technologies and end-use markets. The report presents the historic growth (2007 - 2012) and growth potential (2012-2022) of the global market for fuel cells and various fuel cell technologies currently used. Market size and growth is broken out by major country and by region of the world. The report segments the market by technology (type of fuel cell as defined by the electrolyte used), and application (stationary power, portable electronics, motor vehicles, backup power supplies, military & aerospace, and others), and provides detailed profiles of companies that are leading the way in the industry.
The information in Fuel Cell Technologies Worldwide is based on interviews with industry leaders and fuel cell researchers, as well as primary and secondary data from industry sources such as Fuel Cell 2000, Fuel Cell Today, and the US Fuel Cell Council. Our research also included company literature and websites, news reports and research services such as OneSource.
What You’ll Get in This Report
Through extensive research by SBI Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Worldwide identifies current market drivers and trends, and makes important predictions about the future of this market. In addition, this report pinpoints ways current and prospective players can capitalize on current trends and spearhead new ones.
No other market research report provides both the comprehensive analysis and extensive data that Fuel Cell Technologies Worldwide offers. Plus, you’ll benefit from extensive data, presented in easy-to-read and practical charts, tables and graphs.
How You’ll Benefit from This Report
If your company is already doing business in the fuel cell market, or is considering making the leap, you will find this report invaluable, as it provides a comprehensive package of information and insight not offered in any other single source. You will gain a thorough understanding of the current market for fuel cells, as well as projected markets and trends through 2022.
This report will help:
- Marketing managers identify market opportunities and develop targeted promotion plans for fuel cells
- Research and development professionals stay on top of competitor initiatives and explore demand for fuel cells in current and alternative markets.
- Advertising agencies working with clients in the manufacturing sector understand the product buyer, and develop messages and images that compel product developers and engineers to incorporate fuel cells into various types of end-use products.
- Business development executives understand the dynamics of the market and identify possible partnerships.
- Equity and venture capital investors identify high potential opportunities for capital infusion.
- Information and research center librarians provide market researchers, brand and product managers and other colleagues with the vital information they need to do their jobs more effectively.
CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Table 1-1: Number of fuel cell patents issued by country for 2010 and 2011
Table 1-2: 2012 Global Fuel Cell Market Snapshot
Table 1-3: Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) 2007 - 2012
Table 1-4: Current Global Fuel Cell Market Snapshot, 2013
Table 1-5: Global Fuel Cell Market Snapshot 2013
Table 1-6: Market Snapshot by Fuel Cell Technology 2022
Table 1-7: Market Snapshot by Region 2022
Table 1-8: Commercial Deployments of Stationary Fuel Cells
Table 1-9: U.S. State FCEV Deployment Rankings
CHAPTER 2: FUEL CELL CONSTRUCTION
Figure 2-1: History of the Fuel Cell
BASIC DESIGN
Figure 2-2: Fuel Cell Basic Design
STACKS AND SYSTEMS
&nsp; Figure 2-3: Fuel Cell Power System
FUEL CELLS AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE
DIRECTION OF CURRENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Table 2-1: Direction of leading research initiatives worldwide
REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE SAFETY OF FUEL CELLS
Table 2-2: Codes and standards covering fuel cells
GENERAL RESOURCES
Table 2-3: Agencies that provide oversight of fuel cells
PUBLICATIONS
Table 2-4: Fuel Cell Publications
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 3: FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES
CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES
Table 3-1: Comparison of common fuel cell types
PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-1 : Phosphoric acid fuel cell design
MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-2: Molten carbonate fuel cell design
ALKALINE FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-3: Alkaline fuel cell design
DIRECT BOROHYDRIDE FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-4: Direct Borohydride fuel cell design
METAL HYDRIDE FUEL CELLS
PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE (PEM) FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-5: Proton exchange membrane fuel cell design
DIRECT FORMIC ACID FUEL CELLS (DFAFCS)
DIRECT ETHANOL FUEL CELLS (DEFCS)
DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELLS (DMFCS)
Figure 3-6: Direct methanol fuel cell design
REFORMED METHANOL FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-7: Design of a reformed methanol fuel cell system with reformer
DIRECT CARBON FUEL CELLS (DCFCS)
Figure 3-8: Design of a direct carbon fuel cell system
SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-9: Configuration for a tubular design SOFC
Figure 3-10: Planar solid oxide fuel cell design
ENZYMATIC BIOFUEL CELLS
Figure 3-11: Examples of enzymatic biofuel cells for in vivo applications
MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-12: Microbial fuel cell design
PROTONIC CERAMIC FUEL CELLS
REGENERATIVE FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-13: Regenerative fuel cell design
UPFLOW MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS
RFC-REDOX FUEL CELLS
ELECTRO-GALVANIC FUEL CELLS
ZINC-AIR FUEL CELLS
GROWTH TECHNOLOGIES
PEMFC
Table 3-2: Currently available PEMFC products
SOFC
Table 3-3: Currently Available SOFC Products
DMFC/DAFC
Table 3-4: Currently available DMFC/DAFC technologies
FLOW BATTERY
Figure 3-14: Flow battery design
END-USES FOR FUEL CELLS
TRANSPORT
PORTABLE
STATIONARY
INNOVATIVE NEW TECHNOLOGIES
PATENT REVIEW
Table 3-5: Fuel cell patents granted, 2010-2011
Table 3-6: Number of fuel cell patents issued by country for 2010 and 2011
KEY INDUSTRY ISSUES
COST
ECONOMIES OF SCALE
Table 3-7: Fuel cell system size for common applications
Table 3-8: Technical Targets for Automotive Applications
DURABILITY
MARKET OBSTACLES
Consumer Awareness
Figure 3-15: Statistics for Select Renewable Energy Keywords
OTHER NON-TECHNICAL ISSUES
KEY INDUSTRY TRENDS
Addressing current challenges
Related Objectives
Technical approach
CHAPTER 4: MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
CURRENT MARKET DRIVERS
Energy prices
Figure 4-1: Average U.S. Electricity Prices (Cents per Kilowatt Hour) 1990 through 2012
Figure 4-2: Crude Oil Prices 1990 through 2012
GOVERNMENT GRANTS AND INVESTMENTS
Figure 4-3: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cell Budget Allocations for Fuel Cell-focused
Grants 2002 through 2012
Table 4-1: Fuel Cell Technologies Program Key Activities 2010 through 2013 (dollars in thousands)
Other U.S government incentives
Table 4-2: U.S. Federal Government Fuel Cell Incentives
EUROPEAN COMMISSION FUNDING
Table 4-3: EU Funded Fuel Cell Projects
Incentives in specific countries
Table 4-4: Global National-Level Initiatives
Table 4-5: State Government Policies Summary
EMPLOYMENT
HISTORICAL MARKET SNAPSHOT 2007-2012
Table 4-6: 2007 Global Fuel Cell Market Snapshot
Table 4-7: 2012 Global Fuel Cell Market Snapshot
Table 4-8: Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) 2007 - 2012
Figure 4-4: Global Fuel cell market value by type, 2007-2012 (sales US $thousands)
Table 4-9: 2007 Global Fuel Cell Market by Key End-Use Segment
Table 4-10: 2012 Global Fuel Cell Market by Key End-Use Segment
Figure 4-5: Global Fuel Cell Market by Key End-Use Segment, 2007-12 (% of market value)102
Table 4-11: Global Fuel Cell Market CAGR, 2007 - 2012
Table 4-12: Global Fuel Cell Sales by Region, 2007
Figure 4-6: Global Fuel Cell Market by Region, 2007 (US $thousands)
Table 4-13: Global Fuel Cell Sales by Region, 2012
Table 4-14: Global Fuel Cell Market, CAGR 2007-2012
MARKET LEADERS
Table 4-15: Market Leaders based on 2011 Revenue
CURRENT MARKET SIZE ESTIMATE
Table 4-16: Current Global Fuel Cell Market Snapshot, 2013
Table 4-17: Global Fuel Cell Market by Type, 2013
Table 4-18: Global Fuel Cell Market Snapshot 2013
MARKET PROJECTIONS THROUGH 2022
Figure 4-7: Global Fuel Cell Market by Region, 2007-2022 (US $thousands)
Table 4-19: Global Fuel Cell Market Snap Shot 2017
Table 4-20: Global Fuel Cell Market Snap Shot by End-User Segment 2017
Figure 4-8: Global Fuel Cell Market by Key End-Use Segment, 2013-2017(% of market value)
Table 4-21: Market Snapshot of Fuel Cell Sales by Region for 2017
Table 4-22: Five-Year CAGR by Fuel Cell Technology for 2013 through 2017
Table 4-23: Five-Year CAGR, Fuel Cell Sales by Sector 2013 through 2017
Compound Annual Growth Rate Across Regions for 2013 through 2017
Table 4-24: Fuel Cell Sales by Region CAGR 2013 - 2017
MARKET SNAPSHOT BY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY 2022
Table 4-25: Market Snapshot by Fuel Cell Technology 2022
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE FOR 2017 THROUGH 2022
Table 4-26: Fuel Cell Technology Compound Annual Growth Rate for 2017 - 2022
Table 4-27: Market Snapshot by End Use 2022
COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE BY END-USE FOR 2017 THROUGH 2022
Table 4-28: Compound Annual Growth Rate by End-Use for 2017 through 2022
Table 4-29: Market Snapshot by Region 2022
COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE FOR 2017 THROUGH 2012 BY REGION
Table 4-30: Compound Annual Growth Rate for 2017 through 2012 by Region
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 5: END-USE MARKETS AND THEIR OUTLOOK
Table 5-1: Fuel Cell Types And Some Common Applications
STATIONARY SECTOR
Figure 5-1: 1.2 MW fuel cell module for a DFC3000 2.4 MW power plant
Prime Power
Figure 5-2: Large Stationary Fuel Cell Deployments by Fuel Type, 2011 (%)
Small Stationary
Micro-Combined Heat and Power
Table 5-2: Micro-CHP Fuel Cell Technologies
Grid-Support and Off-Grid Power
Emergency back-up power, or Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)
Figure 5-3: Design of a 1-kilowatt direct borohydride UPS system
Distributed generation
Base load power plants
Power for base stations or cell sites
Table 5-3: Mobile Fuel Cell Deployments Worldwide
Figure 5-4: Standby back-up power for mobile base transmission station in Manila,Philippines
DEPLOYMENTS
Table 5-4: Commercial Deployments of Stationary Fuel Cells
Table 5-5: A Summary of U.S. Fuel Cell Deployments: Corporations
Table 5-6: Summary of Additional Deployments
TRANSPORT SECTOR
FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES (FCEVS)
Figure 5-5: Chevrolet Equinox Refueling at a California Hydrogen Station
Table 5-7: U.S. State FCEV Deployment Rankings
FCEV technology development
Table 5-8: FCEV Targets for FCEV Deployment in Key Countries
Japan
Germany
South Korea
United States
Automaker plans
TRANSIT
Table 5-9: Active Global Fuel Cell Bus Projects
Table 5-10: Planned Global Fuel Cell Bus Projects
Material Handling Vehicles (MHVs)
Forklifts
Figure 5-6: Fuel cell forklifts produced by Plug Power
Table 5-11: Where Fuel Cells Are Used For Material Handling in North America
NICHE TRANSPORT
AUXILIARY POWER UNITS (APUS)
Table 5-12: Preliminary technical targets for 1kW-10kW fuel cell auxiliary power units (APUs) operating on standard ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
Figure 5-7: Fuel Cell UAV conceptual design
Military
Table 5-13: Fuel cell applications in the military
Figure 5-8: Protonex HULC (Human Universal Load Carrier) exoskeleton, poweredby fuel cells
Aviation and aerospace
Figure 5-9: The Mars Flyer, a potential application for improved PEM fuel cells and nextgeneration fuel cells
Figure 5-10: Boeing’s experimental fuel cell-powered aircraft
Figure 5-11: First commercial aircraft powered by fuel cells
PORTABLE ELECTRONICS
FUEL
Table 5-14: Effects of Various Gaseous Reactants on Various Fuel Cell Types
INFRASTRUCTURE
Hydrogen production
Table 5-15: Methods for Producing Hydrogen
Summary
Hydrogen storage
Special challenges of hydrogen storage for transportation applications
Current storage technologies
Challenges
Table 5-16: Hyrdogen Storage Deployment Challenges
HYDROGEN DELIVERY
CHAPTER 6: MANUFACTURERS OF FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES
ACUMENTRICS
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-1: Acumentrics Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Personnel Changes
Innovation
Outlook
ADAPTIVE MATERIALS, INC.
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-2: Adaptive Materials’ Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
Outlook
Innovation
Personnel Changes
BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-3: Ballard Power System Product Portfolio
Table 6-4: Idatech Product Portfolio (acquired by Ballard July, 2012)
PERFORMANCE
COMPANY NEWS
ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
BLOOM ENERGY
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-5: Bloom Energy’s Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
COMPANY NEWS
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
CLEAREDGE POWER
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-6: ClearEdge Power’s Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
COMPANY NEWS
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
FUELCELL ENERGY
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-7: FuelCell Energy’s Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
COMPANY NEWS
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
NEDSTACK FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY B.V.
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-8: NedStack Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
Financial
COMPANY NEWS
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
PLUG POWER INC.
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-9: Plug Power Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
COMPANY NEWS
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
PROTONEX TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-10: Protonex Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
COMPANY NEWS
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
RELION
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-11: ReliOn Product Portfolio
COMPANY NEWS
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
SFC SMART FUEL CELL AG
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-12: SFC Smart Fuel Cell Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
UTC POWER
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-13: UTC Power Product Portfolio
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Table 1-1: Number of fuel cell patents issued by country for 2010 and 2011
Table 1-2: 2012 Global Fuel Cell Market Snapshot
Table 1-3: Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) 2007 - 2012
Table 1-4: Current Global Fuel Cell Market Snapshot, 2013
Table 1-5: Global Fuel Cell Market Snapshot 2013
Table 1-6: Market Snapshot by Fuel Cell Technology 2022
Table 1-7: Market Snapshot by Region 2022
Table 1-8: Commercial Deployments of Stationary Fuel Cells
Table 1-9: U.S. State FCEV Deployment Rankings
CHAPTER 2: FUEL CELL CONSTRUCTION
Figure 2-1: History of the Fuel Cell
BASIC DESIGN
Figure 2-2: Fuel Cell Basic Design
STACKS AND SYSTEMS
&nsp; Figure 2-3: Fuel Cell Power System
FUEL CELLS AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE
DIRECTION OF CURRENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Table 2-1: Direction of leading research initiatives worldwide
REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE SAFETY OF FUEL CELLS
Table 2-2: Codes and standards covering fuel cells
GENERAL RESOURCES
Table 2-3: Agencies that provide oversight of fuel cells
PUBLICATIONS
Table 2-4: Fuel Cell Publications
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 3: FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES
CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES
Table 3-1: Comparison of common fuel cell types
PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-1 : Phosphoric acid fuel cell design
MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-2: Molten carbonate fuel cell design
ALKALINE FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-3: Alkaline fuel cell design
DIRECT BOROHYDRIDE FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-4: Direct Borohydride fuel cell design
METAL HYDRIDE FUEL CELLS
PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE (PEM) FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-5: Proton exchange membrane fuel cell design
DIRECT FORMIC ACID FUEL CELLS (DFAFCS)
DIRECT ETHANOL FUEL CELLS (DEFCS)
DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELLS (DMFCS)
Figure 3-6: Direct methanol fuel cell design
REFORMED METHANOL FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-7: Design of a reformed methanol fuel cell system with reformer
DIRECT CARBON FUEL CELLS (DCFCS)
Figure 3-8: Design of a direct carbon fuel cell system
SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-9: Configuration for a tubular design SOFC
Figure 3-10: Planar solid oxide fuel cell design
ENZYMATIC BIOFUEL CELLS
Figure 3-11: Examples of enzymatic biofuel cells for in vivo applications
MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-12: Microbial fuel cell design
PROTONIC CERAMIC FUEL CELLS
REGENERATIVE FUEL CELLS
Figure 3-13: Regenerative fuel cell design
UPFLOW MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS
RFC-REDOX FUEL CELLS
ELECTRO-GALVANIC FUEL CELLS
ZINC-AIR FUEL CELLS
GROWTH TECHNOLOGIES
PEMFC
Table 3-2: Currently available PEMFC products
SOFC
Table 3-3: Currently Available SOFC Products
DMFC/DAFC
Table 3-4: Currently available DMFC/DAFC technologies
FLOW BATTERY
Figure 3-14: Flow battery design
END-USES FOR FUEL CELLS
TRANSPORT
PORTABLE
STATIONARY
INNOVATIVE NEW TECHNOLOGIES
PATENT REVIEW
Table 3-5: Fuel cell patents granted, 2010-2011
Table 3-6: Number of fuel cell patents issued by country for 2010 and 2011
KEY INDUSTRY ISSUES
COST
ECONOMIES OF SCALE
Table 3-7: Fuel cell system size for common applications
Table 3-8: Technical Targets for Automotive Applications
DURABILITY
MARKET OBSTACLES
Consumer Awareness
Figure 3-15: Statistics for Select Renewable Energy Keywords
OTHER NON-TECHNICAL ISSUES
KEY INDUSTRY TRENDS
Addressing current challenges
Related Objectives
Technical approach
CHAPTER 4: MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
CURRENT MARKET DRIVERS
Energy prices
Figure 4-1: Average U.S. Electricity Prices (Cents per Kilowatt Hour) 1990 through 2012
Figure 4-2: Crude Oil Prices 1990 through 2012
GOVERNMENT GRANTS AND INVESTMENTS
Figure 4-3: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cell Budget Allocations for Fuel Cell-focused
Grants 2002 through 2012
Table 4-1: Fuel Cell Technologies Program Key Activities 2010 through 2013 (dollars in thousands)
Other U.S government incentives
Table 4-2: U.S. Federal Government Fuel Cell Incentives
EUROPEAN COMMISSION FUNDING
Table 4-3: EU Funded Fuel Cell Projects
Incentives in specific countries
Table 4-4: Global National-Level Initiatives
Table 4-5: State Government Policies Summary
EMPLOYMENT
HISTORICAL MARKET SNAPSHOT 2007-2012
Table 4-6: 2007 Global Fuel Cell Market Snapshot
Table 4-7: 2012 Global Fuel Cell Market Snapshot
Table 4-8: Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) 2007 - 2012
Figure 4-4: Global Fuel cell market value by type, 2007-2012 (sales US $thousands)
Table 4-9: 2007 Global Fuel Cell Market by Key End-Use Segment
Table 4-10: 2012 Global Fuel Cell Market by Key End-Use Segment
Figure 4-5: Global Fuel Cell Market by Key End-Use Segment, 2007-12 (% of market value)102
Table 4-11: Global Fuel Cell Market CAGR, 2007 - 2012
Table 4-12: Global Fuel Cell Sales by Region, 2007
Figure 4-6: Global Fuel Cell Market by Region, 2007 (US $thousands)
Table 4-13: Global Fuel Cell Sales by Region, 2012
Table 4-14: Global Fuel Cell Market, CAGR 2007-2012
MARKET LEADERS
Table 4-15: Market Leaders based on 2011 Revenue
CURRENT MARKET SIZE ESTIMATE
Table 4-16: Current Global Fuel Cell Market Snapshot, 2013
Table 4-17: Global Fuel Cell Market by Type, 2013
Table 4-18: Global Fuel Cell Market Snapshot 2013
MARKET PROJECTIONS THROUGH 2022
Figure 4-7: Global Fuel Cell Market by Region, 2007-2022 (US $thousands)
Table 4-19: Global Fuel Cell Market Snap Shot 2017
Table 4-20: Global Fuel Cell Market Snap Shot by End-User Segment 2017
Figure 4-8: Global Fuel Cell Market by Key End-Use Segment, 2013-2017(% of market value)
Table 4-21: Market Snapshot of Fuel Cell Sales by Region for 2017
Table 4-22: Five-Year CAGR by Fuel Cell Technology for 2013 through 2017
Table 4-23: Five-Year CAGR, Fuel Cell Sales by Sector 2013 through 2017
Compound Annual Growth Rate Across Regions for 2013 through 2017
Table 4-24: Fuel Cell Sales by Region CAGR 2013 - 2017
MARKET SNAPSHOT BY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY 2022
Table 4-25: Market Snapshot by Fuel Cell Technology 2022
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE FOR 2017 THROUGH 2022
Table 4-26: Fuel Cell Technology Compound Annual Growth Rate for 2017 - 2022
Table 4-27: Market Snapshot by End Use 2022
COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE BY END-USE FOR 2017 THROUGH 2022
Table 4-28: Compound Annual Growth Rate by End-Use for 2017 through 2022
Table 4-29: Market Snapshot by Region 2022
COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE FOR 2017 THROUGH 2012 BY REGION
Table 4-30: Compound Annual Growth Rate for 2017 through 2012 by Region
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 5: END-USE MARKETS AND THEIR OUTLOOK
Table 5-1: Fuel Cell Types And Some Common Applications
STATIONARY SECTOR
Figure 5-1: 1.2 MW fuel cell module for a DFC3000 2.4 MW power plant
Prime Power
Figure 5-2: Large Stationary Fuel Cell Deployments by Fuel Type, 2011 (%)
Small Stationary
Micro-Combined Heat and Power
Table 5-2: Micro-CHP Fuel Cell Technologies
Grid-Support and Off-Grid Power
Emergency back-up power, or Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)
Figure 5-3: Design of a 1-kilowatt direct borohydride UPS system
Distributed generation
Base load power plants
Power for base stations or cell sites
Table 5-3: Mobile Fuel Cell Deployments Worldwide
Figure 5-4: Standby back-up power for mobile base transmission station in Manila,Philippines
DEPLOYMENTS
Table 5-4: Commercial Deployments of Stationary Fuel Cells
Table 5-5: A Summary of U.S. Fuel Cell Deployments: Corporations
Table 5-6: Summary of Additional Deployments
TRANSPORT SECTOR
FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES (FCEVS)
Figure 5-5: Chevrolet Equinox Refueling at a California Hydrogen Station
Table 5-7: U.S. State FCEV Deployment Rankings
FCEV technology development
Table 5-8: FCEV Targets for FCEV Deployment in Key Countries
Japan
Germany
South Korea
United States
Automaker plans
TRANSIT
Table 5-9: Active Global Fuel Cell Bus Projects
Table 5-10: Planned Global Fuel Cell Bus Projects
Material Handling Vehicles (MHVs)
Forklifts
Figure 5-6: Fuel cell forklifts produced by Plug Power
Table 5-11: Where Fuel Cells Are Used For Material Handling in North America
NICHE TRANSPORT
AUXILIARY POWER UNITS (APUS)
Table 5-12: Preliminary technical targets for 1kW-10kW fuel cell auxiliary power units (APUs) operating on standard ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
Figure 5-7: Fuel Cell UAV conceptual design
Military
Table 5-13: Fuel cell applications in the military
Figure 5-8: Protonex HULC (Human Universal Load Carrier) exoskeleton, poweredby fuel cells
Aviation and aerospace
Figure 5-9: The Mars Flyer, a potential application for improved PEM fuel cells and nextgeneration fuel cells
Figure 5-10: Boeing’s experimental fuel cell-powered aircraft
Figure 5-11: First commercial aircraft powered by fuel cells
PORTABLE ELECTRONICS
FUEL
Table 5-14: Effects of Various Gaseous Reactants on Various Fuel Cell Types
INFRASTRUCTURE
Hydrogen production
Table 5-15: Methods for Producing Hydrogen
Summary
Hydrogen storage
Special challenges of hydrogen storage for transportation applications
Current storage technologies
Challenges
Table 5-16: Hyrdogen Storage Deployment Challenges
HYDROGEN DELIVERY
CHAPTER 6: MANUFACTURERS OF FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES
ACUMENTRICS
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-1: Acumentrics Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Personnel Changes
Innovation
Outlook
ADAPTIVE MATERIALS, INC.
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-2: Adaptive Materials’ Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
Outlook
Innovation
Personnel Changes
BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-3: Ballard Power System Product Portfolio
Table 6-4: Idatech Product Portfolio (acquired by Ballard July, 2012)
PERFORMANCE
COMPANY NEWS
ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
BLOOM ENERGY
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-5: Bloom Energy’s Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
COMPANY NEWS
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
CLEAREDGE POWER
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-6: ClearEdge Power’s Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
COMPANY NEWS
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
FUELCELL ENERGY
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-7: FuelCell Energy’s Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
COMPANY NEWS
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
NEDSTACK FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY B.V.
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-8: NedStack Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
Financial
COMPANY NEWS
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
PLUG POWER INC.
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-9: Plug Power Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
COMPANY NEWS
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
PROTONEX TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-10: Protonex Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
COMPANY NEWS
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
RELION
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-11: ReliOn Product Portfolio
COMPANY NEWS
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
SFC SMART FUEL CELL AG
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-12: SFC Smart Fuel Cell Product Portfolio
PERFORMANCE
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
UTC POWER
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
PRODUCT AND BRAND PORTFOLIO
Table 6-13: UTC Power Product Portfolio
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
