E-Waste Recycling and Reuse Services Worldwide
E-waste (electronic and electrical waste) recycling and reuse (R&R) services include a wide plethora of business types, such as collectors, de-manufacturers, material processors, asset managers, recyclers and refurbishers. Companies involved in the e-waste R&R industry purchase, refurbish, recycle and sell used (working or non-working), obsolete or surplus electronic and electrical (E&E) items – including everything from computers and cell phones to refrigerators and microwaves, as well as E&E components and parts – including CRT tubes, plastics and precious metals).
The e-waste R&R services industry is complex and sometimes could even be referred to as elusive. A simple route for an electronic item on its way to be recycled may entail collection from a garbage collector, triage by a dismantling company and then final processing by an end processor, such as a smelter or refiner. More complex routes may be more difficult to track and E&E items may find themselves undocumented in storage somewhere, overseas illegally or even in landfills. It is not uncommon for an e-waste collector, or even dismantler, to have little or no knowledge regarding the destination of its products. This situation is changing, however, as the regulatory framework for e-waste R&R services becomes more established – at least in some regions –and as the market continues to evolve and grow.
In 2010 the e-waste R&R services market value totaled close to $6.8 billion, up from $6.2 billion in 2009. Industry growth is expected to continue on its uphill path at least through the next decade, with collection services alone more than tripling by 2020. In 2010, China and India (out of the top ten country pool) are estimated to retain the largest market shares, in terms of value, with approximate shares of 23.7% and 21.6% respectively.
Growth in the e-waste R&R services industry is being spurred by the ever-increasing amounts of e-waste being created around the world, as purchases of electronic products are on the rise – in some regions dramatically, and as old E&E items become obsolete at an accelerated rate. Another driving factor in e-waste market growth is the growing recognition of valuable substances, such as lead, copper and gold, found in some e-waste components. These resources may be reclaimed at a profit and subsequently reused, which makes a lot more sense than simply throwing them away.
Instances of corruption and “backyard recycling” may be somewhat exaggerated by the media, with both good and bad consequences. Pictures depicting hazardous working conditions, such as those of African children breathing fumes from burning copper wire, have helped to incite an increase in e-waste regulations and enforcement and have spurred the persistence of environmental watchdogs, such as the Basel Action Network and Greenpeace. Due to the persistence of groups such as these, the e-waste R&R services market is being upheld to a higher standard, although this increased scrutiny has also hindered growth for many involved in the industry.
E-Waste Recycling and Reuse Services Worldwide contains comprehensive historical data (2006-2010) and forecast data (2011-2020). This report identifies key trends and factors (such as the regulatory scene, new technologies, employment opportunities and economic drivers and challenges), which affect the size and direction of e-waste R&R market growth around the world. Profiles of more than a dozen major – or simply interesting – companies involved in the e-waste recycling and reuse industry are also included.
The e-waste R&R services industry is complex and sometimes could even be referred to as elusive. A simple route for an electronic item on its way to be recycled may entail collection from a garbage collector, triage by a dismantling company and then final processing by an end processor, such as a smelter or refiner. More complex routes may be more difficult to track and E&E items may find themselves undocumented in storage somewhere, overseas illegally or even in landfills. It is not uncommon for an e-waste collector, or even dismantler, to have little or no knowledge regarding the destination of its products. This situation is changing, however, as the regulatory framework for e-waste R&R services becomes more established – at least in some regions –and as the market continues to evolve and grow.
In 2010 the e-waste R&R services market value totaled close to $6.8 billion, up from $6.2 billion in 2009. Industry growth is expected to continue on its uphill path at least through the next decade, with collection services alone more than tripling by 2020. In 2010, China and India (out of the top ten country pool) are estimated to retain the largest market shares, in terms of value, with approximate shares of 23.7% and 21.6% respectively.
Growth in the e-waste R&R services industry is being spurred by the ever-increasing amounts of e-waste being created around the world, as purchases of electronic products are on the rise – in some regions dramatically, and as old E&E items become obsolete at an accelerated rate. Another driving factor in e-waste market growth is the growing recognition of valuable substances, such as lead, copper and gold, found in some e-waste components. These resources may be reclaimed at a profit and subsequently reused, which makes a lot more sense than simply throwing them away.
Instances of corruption and “backyard recycling” may be somewhat exaggerated by the media, with both good and bad consequences. Pictures depicting hazardous working conditions, such as those of African children breathing fumes from burning copper wire, have helped to incite an increase in e-waste regulations and enforcement and have spurred the persistence of environmental watchdogs, such as the Basel Action Network and Greenpeace. Due to the persistence of groups such as these, the e-waste R&R services market is being upheld to a higher standard, although this increased scrutiny has also hindered growth for many involved in the industry.
E-Waste Recycling and Reuse Services Worldwide contains comprehensive historical data (2006-2010) and forecast data (2011-2020). This report identifies key trends and factors (such as the regulatory scene, new technologies, employment opportunities and economic drivers and challenges), which affect the size and direction of e-waste R&R market growth around the world. Profiles of more than a dozen major – or simply interesting – companies involved in the e-waste recycling and reuse industry are also included.
CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
E-Waste Recycling and Reuse Services, Defined
The Growth of E-Waste Recycling and Reuse Services
Market Size and Growth
E-Waste Recycling and Reuse Services
Total E-Waste Services Market Rests at $6.8 Billion In 2010
Figure 1-1 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
Figure 1-2 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006-2010)
E-Waste Collection Services Total $.41 Billion in 2010
Figure 1-3 E-Waste Collection Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
E-Waste Services Market to Reach Nearly $20 Billion by 2020
Figure 1-4 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010-2020)
Figure 1-5 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010-2020)
Collection Services Market Segment to Surpass $1.6 Billion
Figure 1-6 E-Waste Collection Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
E-Waste Product Collected for R&R: Value vs. Volume
Appliances Collected for R&R Valued at $2.11 Billion in 2010
Figure 1-7 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Household Appliances Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 1-8 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Household Appliances Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Household Appliances Collected for R&R Total $6.26 Billion
Figure 1-9 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Household Appliances Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued at $958 Million
Figure 1-10 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Value, In Million Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 1-11 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Volume, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Value of Iron and Steel from E-Waste to Near $1.5 Billion in 2020
Figure 1-12 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Value, in Million Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 1-13 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Volume, in Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Factors in Market Size and Growth
E-Waste Volume Growing Fast
E&E Product Sales Expected to Soar in Some Regions
Public Awareness Growing: E-Waste Industry in Spotlight
Informal & Formal E-Waste R&R Services
Technological Innovations and Schemes
Reusable Elements and Components Found in E&E
Table 1-1 Substances & Elements Found in E&E Prevalence, Toxicity Level and Use
Traditional E-Waste Recycling Processes
Around the World
E-Waste R&R around the World
North America: E-Waste R&R Overview
South America and Central America: E-Waste R&R Overview
Europe: E-Waste R&R Overview
Africa: E-Waste R&R Overview
Asia: E-Waste R&R Overview
Middle East: E-Waste R&R Overview
Australia and Oceania: E-Waste R&R Overview
Employment Opportunities
Variety of Employment Opportunities in the E-Waste Industry
About 8.3 Million Employed in E- Waste R&R Market
Table 1-2 Global E-Waste R&R Market: Employee Count In Millions (2006-2020)
CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION
E-Waste Recycling and Reuse Services, Defined
E-Waste R&R: How it Works
Toxic Substances Found in E-Waste
E-waste R&R Certification
International Regulations and Associations
The Growth of E-Waste Recycling and Reuse Services
CHAPTER 3: MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
E-Waste Recycling and Reuse Services
Total E-Waste Services Market Rests at $6.8 Billion In 2010
Figure 3-1 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
Figure 3-2 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006-2010)
E-Waste Collection Services Total $.41 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-3 E-Waste Collection Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
E-Waste Refurbishment and Reuse Settles at $.75 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-4 E-Waste Refurbishment and Reuse Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
E-Waste Asset Management and Logistics Exceeds $1.2 Billion
Figure 3-5 E-Waste Asset Management and Logistics Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
Triage and De-manufacturing Reach $1.7 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-6 E-Waste Triage and De-manufacturing Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
E-Waste Material Processing & Recovery Reaches $2.72 Billion
Figure 3-7 E-Waste Material Processing and Recovery Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
E-Waste Services Market to Reach Nearly $20 Billion by 2020
Figure 3-8 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010-2020)
Figure 3-9 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010-2020)
Collection Services Market Segment to Surpass $1.6 Billion
Figure 3-10 E-Waste Collection Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
Refurbishment and Reuse Services Raises to $2.15 Billion
Figure 3-11 E-Waste Refurbishment and Reuse Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010-2020)
Asset Management and Logistics Market to Near $3.8 Billion
Figure 3-12 E-Waste Asset Management and Logistics Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010-2020)
Triage and De-manufacturing to Reach $4.77 Billion in 2020
Figure 3-13 E-Waste Triage and De-manufacturing Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billions (2010-2020)
Material Processing and Recovery Projected at $7.56 Billion
Figure 3-14 E-Waste Processing and Recovery Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010-2020)
Material Processing and Recovery Dominates E-Waste R&R
Figure 3-15 Global E-Waste R&R Services Market Share By Service Type, In Dollar Value (2006)
Figure 3-16 Global E-Waste R&R Services Market Share By Service Type, In Dollar Value (2010)
Figure 3-17 Global E-Waste R&R Services Market Share By Service Type, In Dollar Value (2015)
Figure 3-18 Global E-Waste R&R Services Market Share By Service Type, In Dollar Value (2020)
E-Waste Product Collected for R&R: Value vs. Volume
Appliances Collected for R&R Valued at $2.11 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-19 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Household Appliances Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-20 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Household Appliances Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Computer Displays Collected for R&R Valued at Over $1 Billion
Figure 3-21 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Computer Displays Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-22 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Computer Displays Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Televisions Collected for R&R Valued at Almost $1 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-23 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Televisions Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-24 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Televisions Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Computers Collected for R&R Total $1.2 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-25 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Computers Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-26 Collected E-Waste for R&R: Computers Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Hard Copy Devices Collected for R&R Valued at $.73 Billion
Figure 3-27 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Hard Copy Devices Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-28 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Hard Copy Devices Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Value of Collected ‘Other’ E-Waste Valued at $.82 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-29 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: ‘Other’ Category Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-30 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: ‘Other’ Category Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Household Appliances Collected for R&R Total $6.26 Billion
Figure 3-31 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Household Appliances Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-32 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Household Appliances Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Computer Displays Collected for R&R Valued at $2.19 Billion
Figure 3-33 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Computer Displays Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-34 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Computer Displays Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Televisions Collected for R&R Valued at $2.49 Billion in 2020
Figure 3-35 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: T.V.sTelevisions Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-36 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Televisions Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Computers Collected for R&R Valued at $3.98 Billion in 2020
Figure 3-37 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Computers Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-38 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Computers Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Hard Copy Devices Collected for R&R Valued at $2.59 Billion
Figure 3-39 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Hard Copy Devices Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-40 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Hard Copy Devices Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
‘Other’ Category Collected for R&R Valued at $2.38 Billion
Figure 3-41 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: ‘Other’ Category Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-42 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: ‘Other’ Category Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Household Appliances Commandeer Market Share
Figure 3-43 Collected E-Waste Share for R&R, by Product Type In Billion Dollars and Million Tons (2006)
Figure 3-44 Collected E-Waste Share for R&R, by Product Type In Billion Dollars and Million Tons (2010)
Figure 3-45 Collected E-Waste Share for R&R, by Product Type In Billion Dollars and Million Tons (2015)
Figure 3-46 Collected E-Waste Share for R&R, by Product Type In Billion Dollars and Million Tons (2020)
End Products Reclaimed from E-Waste Recycling Services
Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued at $958 Million
Figure 3-47 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Value, In Million Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-48 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Volume, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Value of Reclaimed Plastic from E-Waste Exceeds $1 Billion
Figure 3-49 Plastic Reclaimed from E-Waste Value, in Million Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-50 Plastic Reclaimed from E-Waste Volume, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Copper Produced from E-Waste Reaches $2.4 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-51 Copper Reclaimed from E-Waste Value, in Million Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-52 Copper Reclaimed from E-Waste Volume, in Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Value of Reclaimed Glass Surpasses $9 Million in 2010
Figure 3-53 Glass Reclaimed from E-Waste Value, in Million Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-54 Glass Reclaimed from E-Waste Volume, in Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Aluminum Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued at $484 Million
Figure 3-55 Aluminum Reclaimed from E-Waste Value, in Million Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-56 Aluminum Reclaimed from E-Waste Volume, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Circuit Boards Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued at $1.5 Billion
Figure 3-57 Circuit Boards Reclaimed from E-Waste Value, In Million Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-58 Circuit Boards Reclaimed from E-Waste Volume, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Value of Iron and Steel from E-Waste to Near $1.5 Billion in 2020
Figure 3-59 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Value, in Million Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-60 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Volume, in Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Reclaimed Plastic from E-Waste Valued at $2.1 Billion in 2020
Figure 3-61 Plastic Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Value, in Million Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-62 Plastic Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Volume, in Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Copper Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued over $3.9 Billion in 2020
Figure 3-63 Copper Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Value, in Million Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-64 Copper Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Volume, in Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Glass Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued at $11.2 Million in 2020
Figure 3-65 Glass Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Value, in Million Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-66 Glass Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Volume, In Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Aluminum Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued at $880 Million
Figure 3-67 Aluminum Reclaimed from E-WasteProjected Value, In Million Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-68 Aluminum Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Volume, in Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Circuit Boards Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued at $3.2 Billion
Figure 3-69 Circuit Boards Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Value, in Million Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-70 Circuit Boards Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Volume, in Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Estimates for Regional Market Shares Rough
Top Ten Countries Have 72% Market Share in 2010
Figure 3-71 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, In Value (2006)
Figure 3-72 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, in Volume (2006)
Figure 3-73 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, in Value (2010)
Figure 3-74 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, in Volume (2010)
Figure 3-75 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, in Value (2015)
Figure 3-76 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, in Volume (2015)
Figure 3-77 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, in Value (2020)
Figure 3-78 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, in Volume (2020)
China To Process E-Waste Volume Valued at $4.06 Billion
Table 3-1 E-Waste R&R Services Market: Top Ten Countries In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2020)
China Projected to Process 3.83 Million Tons of E-Waste in 2020
Table 3-2 E-Waste R&R Services Market In Million Tons (2006 - 2020)
Figure 3-79 China’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
China’s E-Waste Market Dominated by Material Processing
Table 3-3 China’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
Refurbishment and Reuse Services Claim 31% of India’s E-Waste R&R
Figure 3-80 India’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-4 India’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
United States Sees Steady Growth
Figure 3-81 United States’ E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-5 United States’ E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
Germany’s Material Processing Claims a 35% Market Share
Figure 3-82 Germany’s E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-6 Germany’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
U.K.’s Material Processing Segment Sees Growth
Figure 3-83 United Kingdom’s E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-7 United Kingdom’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
Spain’s Material Processing and Recovery Segment Loses Share
Figure 3-84 Spain’s E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-8 Spain’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
France’s E-Waste R&R World Growing
Figure 3-85 France’s E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-9 France’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
Sweden Heavily Dominated by Material Processing Segment
Figure 3-86 Sweden’s E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-10 Sweden’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
Italy’s E-W R&R Sees Steady Climb
Figure 3-87 Italy’s E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-11 Italy’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
Ghana Has Large Refurbishment and Reuse Segment
Figure 3-88 Ghana’s E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-12 Ghana’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
Potential E-waste R&R Services Industry Huge, but Has Limits
CHAPTER 4: FACTORS IN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
E-Waste Volume Growing Fast
E&E Product Sales Expected to Soar in Some Regions
Public Awareness Growing: E-Waste Industry in Spotlight
Informal & Formal E-Waste R&R Services
Why Export?
Backyard E-Waste Recyclers Paint Dark Picture
Corruption Levels High in Some E-Waste Markets
E-Waste Recycling Can Be Costly
OEMs Take on E-Waste Responsibility
Communities Host Own Electronic Collection Events
Consumer Recycling Fees and… Payouts?
Secondary Market for Used and Refurbished Electronics
E-Waste Industry Involvement May Be Low National Priority
E-Waste Reclamation to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
High Value of Recovered Raw Materials
Data Destruction: Incentive for Formal Recycling Measures
Reports Say 38 Million Tons of E-Waste Unaccounted For
Some E-Waste Markets Built on Immature Infrastructure
Electronics Refurbishment, a Threat to Manufacturers?
Some Turn to Prisons for Cheap Labor
Green Computing May Help Reduce E-Waste
Environmental & Occupational Concerns Re: E-Waste Recycling
Environmental Groups Have Big Impact on E-Waste Industry
Recycling Associations and Others Help Propel Market Growth
CHAPTER 5: TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND INNOVATIONS
Reusable Elements and Components Found in E&E
Table 5-1 Substances & Elements Found in Electronics Prevalence, Toxicity Level and Use
Traditional E-Waste Recycling Processes
Hazardous Processing Methods Not Uncommon
CRT Recycling
Scientists Look at Cryogenic Recycling of Printed Circuit Boards
Bio-treatment of E-Waste Promising
EcoATMs Dispense Cash for Used Phones!
Shanghai University Studies E-Waste Processes
Stanford University’s Bloom Laptop
Circuit Board Recycling Innovations
CHAPTER 6: AROUND THE WORLD
E-Waste R&R around the World
North America: E-Waste R&R Overview
U.S. Did Not Ratify Basel Ban Amendment
The National Recycling Coalition, Inc.
EPA’s Plug-in to E-Cycling Guidelines
The Sustainable Electronics Initiative
Proposed Electronic Device Recycling Research and Development Act
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Covers Cathode Ray Tubes
The ISO 14000 Family
The Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool
U.S. States Enact Own Disposal Laws for Electronics
E-Cycling Central
ReCellular Provides Used Phones to Soldiers
Manitoba’s E&E Equipment Stewardship Regulation Program
Canada’s Computers for Schools Initiative
Canadian Provinces Implement Recycling Fees
Mississauga E-Waste Plant Processes 20,000 Pounds per Hour
South America and Central America: E-Waste R&R Overview
Mercosur Policy Agreement from 2006
Computers for Education in Latin America
Peruvian Government Expresses Interest in E-waste R&R
Mexico Lacks Formal Electronic Recycling Program
Brazil’s E-Waste Market Leads the Way for Latin America
Bolivia Houses Informal E-Waste Market
Electronic Waste Toolkit for Latin America and the Caribbean
Argentina Has Toe in E-Waste Industry
Costa Rica Has Extended Producer Responsibility Policy
Venezuela Spends $55 Million on 25 Environmental Projects
Chile’s Environmental Legislation Weak
Foreign Companies Offer E-Waste Recycling Services in Latin America
Small Localized Businesses Gather Computers for Reuse
Europe: E-Waste R&R Overview
Table 6-1 E-Waste Collection Rates from Private Households in Europe, Per Capita In Kilograms (2008)
Europe’s WEEE Directive Provides Uniform Legislation across Europe
RoHS Directive
European Union’s REACH
Switzerland’s SWICO
Switzerland’s EMPA Impacts Global E-Waste Market
United Kingdom and Netherland Guilty of Illegal Exports
France’s Roma People Scavenge E-Waste
France’s Ordi 2.0
Germany’s Electrical and Electronic Equipment Act Spurs E-Waste R&R
Norway Is European Leader in E-Waste R&R
Sweden Leads by Example
Africa: E-Waste R&R Overview
Refurbishment and Repair
The Durban Declaration on E-Waste Management in Africa
E-Waste Association of South Africa
HP Has Presence in African E-Waste Market
Kenya’s E-Waste Program Lacks Infrastructure Support
Computers for Schools Kenya
Many African Countries Considering Formalizing E-Waste Industry
Pilot E-Waste project in Cape Town, South Africa
About 500 Containers of Used Computers Arrive at Nigeria’s Ports Each Month
Ghana Tagged as E-Waste Capital of Africa
Asia: E-Waste R&R Overview
Asia’s Network of Illegal Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste
China Has Resources to Capitalize on E-Waste Market
China’s E-Waste Industry Mostly Semi-informal
Chinese Government Creates E-Waste Recycling Incentive
Guiyu Polluted by China’s Largest E-Waste Site
China RoHS
China WEEE
Japan’s Home Appliance Recycling Law
Japan’s RoHS
Japan’s Law for the Recycling of Specified Kinds of Home Appliances
Japan Recycles 2.5 kg per Capita Each Year
India Recycles 5% of its E-Waste
India Houses Extensive Informal E-Waste Industry
E-Waste Policy in India
The E-Waste Guide, India
Delhi’s E-Waste Collection Bins
Malaysia Supports 138 E-Waste Recovery Facilities
Thailand Adds Regulation to Limit Imports
Pakistan Plays Role in Global E-Waste Industry
Port of Hong Kong Is Large E-Waste Hub
Some Asian E-Waste Markets Difficult to Pinpoint
Middle East: E-Waste R&R Overview
The Middle East Has Weak E-Waste R&R Legislation
Emirates Environmental Group
Tunisia’s E-waste Facility Has a Capacity of 1,000 Tons Per Year
UAE Telecoms Recycling Campaign
HP’s Touch the Green campaign in the UAE
Jordan Environment Society Reuse Project
Morocco’s Green Chip Project
CEDARE
Australia and Oceania: E-Waste R&R Overview
Victoria’s Byteback Program
Microsoft Authorized Refurbisher Program in Australia
New Zealand Government Invests in E-waste Recycling Schemes
CHAPTER 7: EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
Variety of Employment Opportunities in the E-Waste Industry
About 8.3 Million Employed in E- Waste R&R Market
Table 7-1 Global E-Waste R&R Market: Employee Count In Millions (2006-2020)
Wide Range of Experience and Salary in E-Waste R&R Market
Table 7-2 E-Waste R&R Job Earnings and Educational Requirements In Developed Regions (By Occupation)
Increased E-Waste R&R Regulations Bode Well for Job Market
E-Waste R&R and Occupational Health
E-Waste Jobs Advertised on Internet Job Sites
ERI Holds Job Fair for New E-Waste Plant
TNEP Teams up with Griffith University for E-Waste Curriculum
Educational Opportunities in E-Waste
CHAPTER 8: COMPANY PROFILES
Wide Range of Companies in E-Waste R&R Industry
1800 E-Waste Pty. Ltd.
Table 8-1 1800 E-Waste Pty. Ltd. Profile
Company Overview
Africa E-Waste
Table 8-2 Africa E-Waste Profile
Company Overview
American Retroworks, Inc.
Table 8-3 American Retroworks, Inc. Profile
Company Overview
Attero Recycling Pvt. Ltd.
Table 8-4 Attero Recycling Pvt. Ltd. Profile
Company Overview
Boliden A.B.
Table 8-5 Boliden A.B. Profile
Company Overview
Boliden’s Performance
California Electronic Asset Recovery, Inc.
Table 8-6 California Electronic Asset Recovery, Inc. Profile
Company Overview
Dowa Holdings Co. Ltd.
Table 8-7 Dowa Holdings Co. Ltd. Profile
Company Overview
Performance
Egyptian Electronic Recycling Co.
Table 8-8 Egyptian Electronic Recycling Co. Profile
Company Overview
Electronic Recyclers International, Inc.
Table 8-9 Electronic Recyclers International, Inc. Profile
Company Overview
Exitcom Recycling GmbH
Table 8-10 Exitcom Recycling GmbH Profile
Company Overview
Redemtech, Inc.
Table 8-11 Redemtech, Inc. Profile
Company Overview
Sims Recycling Solutions AB/Sims Metal Management Ltd.
Table 8-12 Sims Recycling Solutions AB Profile
Company Overview
NextStep Recycling
Table 8-13 NextStep Recycling Profile
Company Overview
Nonprofit Technology Resources, Inc.
Table 8-14 Nonprofit Technology Resources, Inc. Profile
Company Overview
Umicore SA/NV
Table 8-15 Umicore SA/NV Profile
Company Overview
Waste Management, Inc.
Table 8-16 Waste Management, Inc. Profile
Company Overview
Introduction
E-Waste Recycling and Reuse Services, Defined
The Growth of E-Waste Recycling and Reuse Services
Market Size and Growth
E-Waste Recycling and Reuse Services
Total E-Waste Services Market Rests at $6.8 Billion In 2010
Figure 1-1 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
Figure 1-2 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006-2010)
E-Waste Collection Services Total $.41 Billion in 2010
Figure 1-3 E-Waste Collection Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
E-Waste Services Market to Reach Nearly $20 Billion by 2020
Figure 1-4 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010-2020)
Figure 1-5 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010-2020)
Collection Services Market Segment to Surpass $1.6 Billion
Figure 1-6 E-Waste Collection Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
E-Waste Product Collected for R&R: Value vs. Volume
Appliances Collected for R&R Valued at $2.11 Billion in 2010
Figure 1-7 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Household Appliances Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 1-8 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Household Appliances Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Household Appliances Collected for R&R Total $6.26 Billion
Figure 1-9 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Household Appliances Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued at $958 Million
Figure 1-10 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Value, In Million Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 1-11 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Volume, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Value of Iron and Steel from E-Waste to Near $1.5 Billion in 2020
Figure 1-12 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Value, in Million Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 1-13 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Volume, in Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Factors in Market Size and Growth
E-Waste Volume Growing Fast
E&E Product Sales Expected to Soar in Some Regions
Public Awareness Growing: E-Waste Industry in Spotlight
Informal & Formal E-Waste R&R Services
Technological Innovations and Schemes
Reusable Elements and Components Found in E&E
Table 1-1 Substances & Elements Found in E&E Prevalence, Toxicity Level and Use
Traditional E-Waste Recycling Processes
Around the World
E-Waste R&R around the World
North America: E-Waste R&R Overview
South America and Central America: E-Waste R&R Overview
Europe: E-Waste R&R Overview
Africa: E-Waste R&R Overview
Asia: E-Waste R&R Overview
Middle East: E-Waste R&R Overview
Australia and Oceania: E-Waste R&R Overview
Employment Opportunities
Variety of Employment Opportunities in the E-Waste Industry
About 8.3 Million Employed in E- Waste R&R Market
Table 1-2 Global E-Waste R&R Market: Employee Count In Millions (2006-2020)
CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION
E-Waste Recycling and Reuse Services, Defined
E-Waste R&R: How it Works
Toxic Substances Found in E-Waste
E-waste R&R Certification
International Regulations and Associations
The Growth of E-Waste Recycling and Reuse Services
CHAPTER 3: MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
E-Waste Recycling and Reuse Services
Total E-Waste Services Market Rests at $6.8 Billion In 2010
Figure 3-1 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
Figure 3-2 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006-2010)
E-Waste Collection Services Total $.41 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-3 E-Waste Collection Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
E-Waste Refurbishment and Reuse Settles at $.75 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-4 E-Waste Refurbishment and Reuse Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
E-Waste Asset Management and Logistics Exceeds $1.2 Billion
Figure 3-5 E-Waste Asset Management and Logistics Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
Triage and De-manufacturing Reach $1.7 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-6 E-Waste Triage and De-manufacturing Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
E-Waste Material Processing & Recovery Reaches $2.72 Billion
Figure 3-7 E-Waste Material Processing and Recovery Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
E-Waste Services Market to Reach Nearly $20 Billion by 2020
Figure 3-8 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010-2020)
Figure 3-9 Total E-Waste R&R Services Market Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010-2020)
Collection Services Market Segment to Surpass $1.6 Billion
Figure 3-10 E-Waste Collection Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006-2010)
Refurbishment and Reuse Services Raises to $2.15 Billion
Figure 3-11 E-Waste Refurbishment and Reuse Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010-2020)
Asset Management and Logistics Market to Near $3.8 Billion
Figure 3-12 E-Waste Asset Management and Logistics Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010-2020)
Triage and De-manufacturing to Reach $4.77 Billion in 2020
Figure 3-13 E-Waste Triage and De-manufacturing Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billions (2010-2020)
Material Processing and Recovery Projected at $7.56 Billion
Figure 3-14 E-Waste Processing and Recovery Services Market Segment Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010-2020)
Material Processing and Recovery Dominates E-Waste R&R
Figure 3-15 Global E-Waste R&R Services Market Share By Service Type, In Dollar Value (2006)
Figure 3-16 Global E-Waste R&R Services Market Share By Service Type, In Dollar Value (2010)
Figure 3-17 Global E-Waste R&R Services Market Share By Service Type, In Dollar Value (2015)
Figure 3-18 Global E-Waste R&R Services Market Share By Service Type, In Dollar Value (2020)
E-Waste Product Collected for R&R: Value vs. Volume
Appliances Collected for R&R Valued at $2.11 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-19 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Household Appliances Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-20 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Household Appliances Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Computer Displays Collected for R&R Valued at Over $1 Billion
Figure 3-21 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Computer Displays Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-22 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Computer Displays Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Televisions Collected for R&R Valued at Almost $1 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-23 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Televisions Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-24 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Televisions Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Computers Collected for R&R Total $1.2 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-25 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Computers Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-26 Collected E-Waste for R&R: Computers Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Hard Copy Devices Collected for R&R Valued at $.73 Billion
Figure 3-27 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Hard Copy Devices Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-28 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: Hard Copy Devices Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Value of Collected ‘Other’ E-Waste Valued at $.82 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-29 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: ‘Other’ Category Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-30 Collected E-Waste Products for R&R: ‘Other’ Category Worldwide, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Household Appliances Collected for R&R Total $6.26 Billion
Figure 3-31 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Household Appliances Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-32 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Household Appliances Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Computer Displays Collected for R&R Valued at $2.19 Billion
Figure 3-33 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Computer Displays Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-34 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Computer Displays Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Televisions Collected for R&R Valued at $2.49 Billion in 2020
Figure 3-35 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: T.V.sTelevisions Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-36 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Televisions Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Computers Collected for R&R Valued at $3.98 Billion in 2020
Figure 3-37 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Computers Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-38 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Computers Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Hard Copy Devices Collected for R&R Valued at $2.59 Billion
Figure 3-39 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Hard Copy Devices Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-40 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: Hard Copy Devices Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
‘Other’ Category Collected for R&R Valued at $2.38 Billion
Figure 3-41 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: ‘Other’ Category Worldwide, In Billion Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-42 E-Waste Products Collected for R&R: ‘Other’ Category Worldwide, In Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Household Appliances Commandeer Market Share
Figure 3-43 Collected E-Waste Share for R&R, by Product Type In Billion Dollars and Million Tons (2006)
Figure 3-44 Collected E-Waste Share for R&R, by Product Type In Billion Dollars and Million Tons (2010)
Figure 3-45 Collected E-Waste Share for R&R, by Product Type In Billion Dollars and Million Tons (2015)
Figure 3-46 Collected E-Waste Share for R&R, by Product Type In Billion Dollars and Million Tons (2020)
End Products Reclaimed from E-Waste Recycling Services
Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued at $958 Million
Figure 3-47 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Value, In Million Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-48 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Volume, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Value of Reclaimed Plastic from E-Waste Exceeds $1 Billion
Figure 3-49 Plastic Reclaimed from E-Waste Value, in Million Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-50 Plastic Reclaimed from E-Waste Volume, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Copper Produced from E-Waste Reaches $2.4 Billion in 2010
Figure 3-51 Copper Reclaimed from E-Waste Value, in Million Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-52 Copper Reclaimed from E-Waste Volume, in Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Value of Reclaimed Glass Surpasses $9 Million in 2010
Figure 3-53 Glass Reclaimed from E-Waste Value, in Million Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-54 Glass Reclaimed from E-Waste Volume, in Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Aluminum Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued at $484 Million
Figure 3-55 Aluminum Reclaimed from E-Waste Value, in Million Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-56 Aluminum Reclaimed from E-Waste Volume, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Circuit Boards Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued at $1.5 Billion
Figure 3-57 Circuit Boards Reclaimed from E-Waste Value, In Million Dollars (2006 - 2010)
Figure 3-58 Circuit Boards Reclaimed from E-Waste Volume, In Million Tons (2006 - 2010)
Value of Iron and Steel from E-Waste to Near $1.5 Billion in 2020
Figure 3-59 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Value, in Million Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-60 Iron and Steel Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Volume, in Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Reclaimed Plastic from E-Waste Valued at $2.1 Billion in 2020
Figure 3-61 Plastic Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Value, in Million Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-62 Plastic Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Volume, in Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Copper Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued over $3.9 Billion in 2020
Figure 3-63 Copper Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Value, in Million Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-64 Copper Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Volume, in Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Glass Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued at $11.2 Million in 2020
Figure 3-65 Glass Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Value, in Million Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-66 Glass Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Volume, In Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Aluminum Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued at $880 Million
Figure 3-67 Aluminum Reclaimed from E-WasteProjected Value, In Million Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-68 Aluminum Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Volume, in Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Circuit Boards Reclaimed from E-Waste Valued at $3.2 Billion
Figure 3-69 Circuit Boards Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Value, in Million Dollars (2010 - 2020)
Figure 3-70 Circuit Boards Reclaimed from E-Waste Projected Volume, in Million Tons (2010 - 2020)
Estimates for Regional Market Shares Rough
Top Ten Countries Have 72% Market Share in 2010
Figure 3-71 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, In Value (2006)
Figure 3-72 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, in Volume (2006)
Figure 3-73 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, in Value (2010)
Figure 3-74 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, in Volume (2010)
Figure 3-75 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, in Value (2015)
Figure 3-76 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, in Volume (2015)
Figure 3-77 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, in Value (2020)
Figure 3-78 E-Waste R&R Services Market Share Top Ten Countries, in Volume (2020)
China To Process E-Waste Volume Valued at $4.06 Billion
Table 3-1 E-Waste R&R Services Market: Top Ten Countries In Billion Dollars (2006 - 2020)
China Projected to Process 3.83 Million Tons of E-Waste in 2020
Table 3-2 E-Waste R&R Services Market In Million Tons (2006 - 2020)
Figure 3-79 China’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
China’s E-Waste Market Dominated by Material Processing
Table 3-3 China’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
Refurbishment and Reuse Services Claim 31% of India’s E-Waste R&R
Figure 3-80 India’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-4 India’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
United States Sees Steady Growth
Figure 3-81 United States’ E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-5 United States’ E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
Germany’s Material Processing Claims a 35% Market Share
Figure 3-82 Germany’s E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-6 Germany’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
U.K.’s Material Processing Segment Sees Growth
Figure 3-83 United Kingdom’s E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-7 United Kingdom’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
Spain’s Material Processing and Recovery Segment Loses Share
Figure 3-84 Spain’s E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-8 Spain’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
France’s E-Waste R&R World Growing
Figure 3-85 France’s E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-9 France’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
Sweden Heavily Dominated by Material Processing Segment
Figure 3-86 Sweden’s E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-10 Sweden’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
Italy’s E-W R&R Sees Steady Climb
Figure 3-87 Italy’s E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-11 Italy’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
Ghana Has Large Refurbishment and Reuse Segment
Figure 3-88 Ghana’s E-Waste Market, by Service Type Percent Share (2006 - 2020)
Table 3-12 Ghana’s E-Waste R&R Market, by Service Type In Million Dollars (2006 - 2020)
Potential E-waste R&R Services Industry Huge, but Has Limits
CHAPTER 4: FACTORS IN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
E-Waste Volume Growing Fast
E&E Product Sales Expected to Soar in Some Regions
Public Awareness Growing: E-Waste Industry in Spotlight
Informal & Formal E-Waste R&R Services
Why Export?
Backyard E-Waste Recyclers Paint Dark Picture
Corruption Levels High in Some E-Waste Markets
E-Waste Recycling Can Be Costly
OEMs Take on E-Waste Responsibility
Communities Host Own Electronic Collection Events
Consumer Recycling Fees and… Payouts?
Secondary Market for Used and Refurbished Electronics
E-Waste Industry Involvement May Be Low National Priority
E-Waste Reclamation to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
High Value of Recovered Raw Materials
Data Destruction: Incentive for Formal Recycling Measures
Reports Say 38 Million Tons of E-Waste Unaccounted For
Some E-Waste Markets Built on Immature Infrastructure
Electronics Refurbishment, a Threat to Manufacturers?
Some Turn to Prisons for Cheap Labor
Green Computing May Help Reduce E-Waste
Environmental & Occupational Concerns Re: E-Waste Recycling
Environmental Groups Have Big Impact on E-Waste Industry
Recycling Associations and Others Help Propel Market Growth
CHAPTER 5: TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND INNOVATIONS
Reusable Elements and Components Found in E&E
Table 5-1 Substances & Elements Found in Electronics Prevalence, Toxicity Level and Use
Traditional E-Waste Recycling Processes
Hazardous Processing Methods Not Uncommon
CRT Recycling
Scientists Look at Cryogenic Recycling of Printed Circuit Boards
Bio-treatment of E-Waste Promising
EcoATMs Dispense Cash for Used Phones!
Shanghai University Studies E-Waste Processes
Stanford University’s Bloom Laptop
Circuit Board Recycling Innovations
CHAPTER 6: AROUND THE WORLD
E-Waste R&R around the World
North America: E-Waste R&R Overview
U.S. Did Not Ratify Basel Ban Amendment
The National Recycling Coalition, Inc.
EPA’s Plug-in to E-Cycling Guidelines
The Sustainable Electronics Initiative
Proposed Electronic Device Recycling Research and Development Act
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Covers Cathode Ray Tubes
The ISO 14000 Family
The Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool
U.S. States Enact Own Disposal Laws for Electronics
E-Cycling Central
ReCellular Provides Used Phones to Soldiers
Manitoba’s E&E Equipment Stewardship Regulation Program
Canada’s Computers for Schools Initiative
Canadian Provinces Implement Recycling Fees
Mississauga E-Waste Plant Processes 20,000 Pounds per Hour
South America and Central America: E-Waste R&R Overview
Mercosur Policy Agreement from 2006
Computers for Education in Latin America
Peruvian Government Expresses Interest in E-waste R&R
Mexico Lacks Formal Electronic Recycling Program
Brazil’s E-Waste Market Leads the Way for Latin America
Bolivia Houses Informal E-Waste Market
Electronic Waste Toolkit for Latin America and the Caribbean
Argentina Has Toe in E-Waste Industry
Costa Rica Has Extended Producer Responsibility Policy
Venezuela Spends $55 Million on 25 Environmental Projects
Chile’s Environmental Legislation Weak
Foreign Companies Offer E-Waste Recycling Services in Latin America
Small Localized Businesses Gather Computers for Reuse
Europe: E-Waste R&R Overview
Table 6-1 E-Waste Collection Rates from Private Households in Europe, Per Capita In Kilograms (2008)
Europe’s WEEE Directive Provides Uniform Legislation across Europe
RoHS Directive
European Union’s REACH
Switzerland’s SWICO
Switzerland’s EMPA Impacts Global E-Waste Market
United Kingdom and Netherland Guilty of Illegal Exports
France’s Roma People Scavenge E-Waste
France’s Ordi 2.0
Germany’s Electrical and Electronic Equipment Act Spurs E-Waste R&R
Norway Is European Leader in E-Waste R&R
Sweden Leads by Example
Africa: E-Waste R&R Overview
Refurbishment and Repair
The Durban Declaration on E-Waste Management in Africa
E-Waste Association of South Africa
HP Has Presence in African E-Waste Market
Kenya’s E-Waste Program Lacks Infrastructure Support
Computers for Schools Kenya
Many African Countries Considering Formalizing E-Waste Industry
Pilot E-Waste project in Cape Town, South Africa
About 500 Containers of Used Computers Arrive at Nigeria’s Ports Each Month
Ghana Tagged as E-Waste Capital of Africa
Asia: E-Waste R&R Overview
Asia’s Network of Illegal Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste
China Has Resources to Capitalize on E-Waste Market
China’s E-Waste Industry Mostly Semi-informal
Chinese Government Creates E-Waste Recycling Incentive
Guiyu Polluted by China’s Largest E-Waste Site
China RoHS
China WEEE
Japan’s Home Appliance Recycling Law
Japan’s RoHS
Japan’s Law for the Recycling of Specified Kinds of Home Appliances
Japan Recycles 2.5 kg per Capita Each Year
India Recycles 5% of its E-Waste
India Houses Extensive Informal E-Waste Industry
E-Waste Policy in India
The E-Waste Guide, India
Delhi’s E-Waste Collection Bins
Malaysia Supports 138 E-Waste Recovery Facilities
Thailand Adds Regulation to Limit Imports
Pakistan Plays Role in Global E-Waste Industry
Port of Hong Kong Is Large E-Waste Hub
Some Asian E-Waste Markets Difficult to Pinpoint
Middle East: E-Waste R&R Overview
The Middle East Has Weak E-Waste R&R Legislation
Emirates Environmental Group
Tunisia’s E-waste Facility Has a Capacity of 1,000 Tons Per Year
UAE Telecoms Recycling Campaign
HP’s Touch the Green campaign in the UAE
Jordan Environment Society Reuse Project
Morocco’s Green Chip Project
CEDARE
Australia and Oceania: E-Waste R&R Overview
Victoria’s Byteback Program
Microsoft Authorized Refurbisher Program in Australia
New Zealand Government Invests in E-waste Recycling Schemes
CHAPTER 7: EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
Variety of Employment Opportunities in the E-Waste Industry
About 8.3 Million Employed in E- Waste R&R Market
Table 7-1 Global E-Waste R&R Market: Employee Count In Millions (2006-2020)
Wide Range of Experience and Salary in E-Waste R&R Market
Table 7-2 E-Waste R&R Job Earnings and Educational Requirements In Developed Regions (By Occupation)
Increased E-Waste R&R Regulations Bode Well for Job Market
E-Waste R&R and Occupational Health
E-Waste Jobs Advertised on Internet Job Sites
ERI Holds Job Fair for New E-Waste Plant
TNEP Teams up with Griffith University for E-Waste Curriculum
Educational Opportunities in E-Waste
CHAPTER 8: COMPANY PROFILES
Wide Range of Companies in E-Waste R&R Industry
1800 E-Waste Pty. Ltd.
Table 8-1 1800 E-Waste Pty. Ltd. Profile
Company Overview
Africa E-Waste
Table 8-2 Africa E-Waste Profile
Company Overview
American Retroworks, Inc.
Table 8-3 American Retroworks, Inc. Profile
Company Overview
Attero Recycling Pvt. Ltd.
Table 8-4 Attero Recycling Pvt. Ltd. Profile
Company Overview
Boliden A.B.
Table 8-5 Boliden A.B. Profile
Company Overview
Boliden’s Performance
California Electronic Asset Recovery, Inc.
Table 8-6 California Electronic Asset Recovery, Inc. Profile
Company Overview
Dowa Holdings Co. Ltd.
Table 8-7 Dowa Holdings Co. Ltd. Profile
Company Overview
Performance
Egyptian Electronic Recycling Co.
Table 8-8 Egyptian Electronic Recycling Co. Profile
Company Overview
Electronic Recyclers International, Inc.
Table 8-9 Electronic Recyclers International, Inc. Profile
Company Overview
Exitcom Recycling GmbH
Table 8-10 Exitcom Recycling GmbH Profile
Company Overview
Redemtech, Inc.
Table 8-11 Redemtech, Inc. Profile
Company Overview
Sims Recycling Solutions AB/Sims Metal Management Ltd.
Table 8-12 Sims Recycling Solutions AB Profile
Company Overview
NextStep Recycling
Table 8-13 NextStep Recycling Profile
Company Overview
Nonprofit Technology Resources, Inc.
Table 8-14 Nonprofit Technology Resources, Inc. Profile
Company Overview
Umicore SA/NV
Table 8-15 Umicore SA/NV Profile
Company Overview
Waste Management, Inc.
Table 8-16 Waste Management, Inc. Profile
Company Overview
