Analyzing the European Wind Power Industry
As demand on finite petroleum reserves and the price of the fuels derived from them continues to rise, renewable forms of energy are becoming more cost-effective and profitable. In the forefront of this renewable revolution is harnessing the sustainable power of wind.
Today it is one of the most positive developments created by the present storm of uncertainty unleashed as a result of escalating oil prices, climate change, environmental degradation, dwindling fossil fuel stocks and dependence on foreign energy supplies.
The rise of wind energy is no longer being looked upon as an alternate source of energy.
By the end of the year 2008, 120 gigawatts of wind power capacity were installed worldwide, after 94 gigawatts by the end of 2007. Already today wind provides more than 1.5% of the global electricity consumption and the wind industry employs half a million people. Currently, 80 countries are using wind energy on a commercial basis, with the main shares in Germany, USA, Spain, China and India which still account for three quarters of the global wind installations. North America and Asia showed the most dynamic growth rates in the year 2008.
Europeans have always been highly favorable to wind energy, and over the last eight years, only new gas capacity has exceeded new wind power capacity in the EU. Since 2000, 30% of all installed electricity generating capacity in the EU has been wind power. For 2008, statistics released by the European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) show that 43% of all new electricity generating capacity built in the European Union last year was wind energy, exceeding all other technologies including gas, coal and nuclear power. While wind energy today meets 3.7% of EU’s electricity demand, the technology is already the second largest contributor to economic activity and employment in the area of power plant manufacturing.
Germany and Spain are still battling over the top spot. In 2008, Germany is back in a narrow lead with 1,665 MW against Spain’s 1,609 MW. But overall, 2008 saw a much more balanced expansion led by France, the UK and Italy, part of a ‘second wave’ of countries that are providing real momentum to the surge in wind energy.
A distinct ‘third wave’ became visible for the first time in 2008 as the new Member States had their strongest year ever. Hungary doubled its capacity to 127 MW and Bulgaria tripled its capacity from 57 MW to 158 MW.
The European Union has set a binding target of 20% of its energy supply to come from wind and other renewable sources by 2020. In order to achieve this 20% energy target, more than one-third of the European electrical demand would have to come from renewables, with wind power expected to deliver 12-14%.
As of January 2009, Britain is the world's leading generator of offshore wind power, followed by Denmark.
Wind energy is today the best panacea for the three current crises - energy, finance and climate.
However wind also presents some challenges - particularly because it is, by its very nature, a variable source.
Aruvian's R'search’s report, Analyzing the European Wind Power Industry, is a complete analysis of the wind energy industry in Europe. The report analyzes the present global and regional market scenario, the prevalent wind resources in this continent, governmental policies, future projections, detailed analysis of the leading states/province and much more.
The report is a highly comprehensive research compilation of the booming wind power industry in Europe. The report also provides a look at the overall European energy industry and a brief profile of the global wind power industry as well.
The report, Analyzing the European Wind Power Industry, explores the importance of wind power in today’s world. The report looks at the basics of the wind energy industry, economics, issues and barriers, and other such factors.
Today it is one of the most positive developments created by the present storm of uncertainty unleashed as a result of escalating oil prices, climate change, environmental degradation, dwindling fossil fuel stocks and dependence on foreign energy supplies.
The rise of wind energy is no longer being looked upon as an alternate source of energy.
By the end of the year 2008, 120 gigawatts of wind power capacity were installed worldwide, after 94 gigawatts by the end of 2007. Already today wind provides more than 1.5% of the global electricity consumption and the wind industry employs half a million people. Currently, 80 countries are using wind energy on a commercial basis, with the main shares in Germany, USA, Spain, China and India which still account for three quarters of the global wind installations. North America and Asia showed the most dynamic growth rates in the year 2008.
Europeans have always been highly favorable to wind energy, and over the last eight years, only new gas capacity has exceeded new wind power capacity in the EU. Since 2000, 30% of all installed electricity generating capacity in the EU has been wind power. For 2008, statistics released by the European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) show that 43% of all new electricity generating capacity built in the European Union last year was wind energy, exceeding all other technologies including gas, coal and nuclear power. While wind energy today meets 3.7% of EU’s electricity demand, the technology is already the second largest contributor to economic activity and employment in the area of power plant manufacturing.
Germany and Spain are still battling over the top spot. In 2008, Germany is back in a narrow lead with 1,665 MW against Spain’s 1,609 MW. But overall, 2008 saw a much more balanced expansion led by France, the UK and Italy, part of a ‘second wave’ of countries that are providing real momentum to the surge in wind energy.
A distinct ‘third wave’ became visible for the first time in 2008 as the new Member States had their strongest year ever. Hungary doubled its capacity to 127 MW and Bulgaria tripled its capacity from 57 MW to 158 MW.
The European Union has set a binding target of 20% of its energy supply to come from wind and other renewable sources by 2020. In order to achieve this 20% energy target, more than one-third of the European electrical demand would have to come from renewables, with wind power expected to deliver 12-14%.
As of January 2009, Britain is the world's leading generator of offshore wind power, followed by Denmark.
Wind energy is today the best panacea for the three current crises - energy, finance and climate.
However wind also presents some challenges - particularly because it is, by its very nature, a variable source.
Aruvian's R'search’s report, Analyzing the European Wind Power Industry, is a complete analysis of the wind energy industry in Europe. The report analyzes the present global and regional market scenario, the prevalent wind resources in this continent, governmental policies, future projections, detailed analysis of the leading states/province and much more.
The report is a highly comprehensive research compilation of the booming wind power industry in Europe. The report also provides a look at the overall European energy industry and a brief profile of the global wind power industry as well.
The report, Analyzing the European Wind Power Industry, explores the importance of wind power in today’s world. The report looks at the basics of the wind energy industry, economics, issues and barriers, and other such factors.
Executive Summary
A. INTRODUCTION TO WIND POWER
A.1 A Clean Green Energy – Wind Power
A.1.1 What is Wind Power?
A.1.2 How does it Work?
A.2 Brief History of Wind Power
A.3 Electricity from Wind
A.4 How do Wind Turbines Work?
A.5 Wind Power Technology
A.6 Wind Power Markets
A.7 Accommodating the Variable Nature of Wind Power
A.8 Environmental Impact
B. GROWTH DRIVERS FOR WIND ENERGY
B.1 Supply Security
B.2 Environmental Potential
B.3 Climate Change & Wind Power
B.3.1 Clean Development Mechanism
B.3.2 Wind Energy CDM Projects
B.4 Economic Feasibility
B.5 Employment & Development of Rural Areas
B.6 Renewable Quotas
B.7 Technology
C. THE GLOBAL WIND MARKET
C.1 Present-day Market Scenario
C.2 World Wind Resources
C.3 Increase in Growth Rates
C.4 Major Wind Producing Countries
C.4.1 Asia
C.4.2 Latin America
C.4.3 The Pacific
C.4.4 Africa & the Middle East
C.4.5 North America
C.5 The Future Scenario
C.5.1 Rising Importance of Wind Energy
C.5.2 Global Outlook Scenarios
C.5.3 Costs & Benefits
C.5.4 Investment
C.5.5 Generation Costs
C.5.6 Employment
C.5.7 Wind Energy Outlook from Energy Watch Group
C.5.8 Global Wind Turbine Market
D. LOOKING AT GLOBAL POLICIES
D.1 Analysis of the Kyoto Protocol & Post 2012 Reductions Framework
D.2 Changes in Export Credit Agencies, Multi-Lateral Development Banks & International Finance Institutions
E. ANALYZING THE EUROPEAN WIND POWER MARKET
E.1 Market Profile
E.1.1 Understanding the Global Energy Game
E.1.2 EU and Renewable Energy
E.1.3 Concern over Wind Power
E.2 Market Statistics
E.3 Contribution of Wind Power to Electricity Generation
F. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN EUROPE
F.1 CO2 Reductions from Wind Power
G. WIND ENERGY INVESTMENTS UP TO 2030
H. OFFSHORE WIND
I. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
I.1 Renewable Energy Policies in Europe
I.2 Renewable Energy Targets
I.3 Renewable Energy Directive
J. KEY ELEMENTS FOR WIND ENERGY MARKETS IN EUROPE
J.1 Growing Potential in Emerging Markets
K. KEY BARRIERS FACING THE MARKET & EU ACTION
K.1 Administrative Barriers
K.2 Grid-Related Barriers
K.3 Social and Financial Barriers
L. WIND POWER IN EUROPE AND EMPLOYMENT
M. FUTURE PERSPECTIVE: WIND POWER IN EUROPE
N. COUNTRY-WISE ANALYSIS ON WIND POWER
N.1 Austria
N.1.1 Wind Energy in Austria
N.1.2 Renewable Energy in Austria
N.1.3 Austria and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.2 Belgium
N.2.1 Wind Energy in Belgium
N.2.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.2.3 Renewable Energy in Belgium
N.2.4 Belgium and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.3 Denmark
N.3.1 Wind Energy in Denmark
N.3.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.3.3 Danish Government Plans
N.3.4 Regional and Local Employment
N.3.5 Denmark and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.4 Finland
N.4.1 Wind Energy in Finland
N.4.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.4.3 Finland and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.5. France
N.5.1 Wind Energy in France
N.5.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.5.3 France and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.6 Germany
N.6.1 Wind Energy in Germany
N.6.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.6.3 German Government Plans
N.6.4 Regional and Local Employment
N.6.5 Germany and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.7 Ireland
N.7.1 Wind Energy in Ireland
N.7.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.7.3 Ireland and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.8 Italy
N.8.1 Wind Energy in Italy
N.8.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.8.3 Italy and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.9 Netherlands
N.9.1 Wind Energy in the Netherlands
N.9.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.9.3 Netherlands and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.10 Norway
N.10.1 Wind Energy in Norway
N.10.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.11 Portugal
N.11.1 Wind Energy in Portugal
N.11.2 Portugal and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.12 Poland
N.12.1 Wind Energy in Poland
N.12.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.12.3 Polish Government Plans
N.12.4 Poland and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.13 Spain
N.13.1 Wind Energy in Spain
N.13.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.13.3 Regional and Local Employment
N.13.4 Spain and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.14 Sweden
N.14.1 Wind Energy in Sweden
N.14.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.14.3 Sweden and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.15 United Kingdom
N.15.1 Wind Energy in the UK
N.15.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.15.3 Wind Farms Currently Under Construction
N.15.4 United Kingdom and Renewable Energy Target of EU
O. PRIMARY ACTORS IN THE INDUSTRY
O.1 Wind Turbine Manufacturing Trends
O.2 Trends in the Value Chain
O.3 Positioning of Key Player
P. PLANNED FUTURE INVESTMENT
Q. MAJOR WIND FARMS IN EUROPE
Q.1 Alto Minho Wind Farm
Q.2 Aapua Wind Park
Q.3 Arada-Montemuro Wind Farm
Q.4 Arklow Bank Wind Park
Q.5 BARD Offshore 1
Q.6 Barrow Offshore Wind
Q.7 Borkum Riffgat
Q.8 Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm
Q.9 CEZ F?nt?nele Wind Farm
Q.10 Clyde Wind Farm
Q.11 Dobrich Wind Farm
Q.12 EDP Dobrogea Wind Farm
Q.13 El Marquesado Wind Farm
Q.14 Enel Agichiol Wind Farm
Q.15 Eolica Baia Wind Farm
Q.16 Eolica Beidaud Wind Farm
Q.17 Eolica Casimcea Wind Farm
Q.18 Eolica Cogealac Wind Farm
Q.19 Eolica S?cele Wind Farm
Q.20 Greater Gabbard
Q.21 Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm
Q.22 Hornberg Wind Park
Q.23 Istadparken
Q.24 Kavarna Wind Farm
Q.25 Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm
Q.26 Kryevidhi Wind Farm
Q.27 Lillgrund Wind Farm
Q.28 Lynn and Inner Dowsing Wind Farm
Q.29 Maranchon Wind Farm
Q.30 M?ri?elu Wind Farm
Q.31 Middelgrunden 40 MW Offshore Wind Farm
Q.32 North Hoyle
Q.33 Nysted Offshore Wind Farm
Q.34 OWEZ
Q.35 Princess Amalia Wind Farm
Q.36 Rhyl Flats
Q.37 Sams? Offshore Wind Farm
Q.38 Scroby Sands Wind Farm
Q.39 Sisante Wind Farm
Q.40 Sm?la Wind Farm
Q.41 Tomis Team Dobrogea Wind Farm
Q.42 Thorntonbank Wind Farm
Q.43 Ventominho Wind Farm
Q.44 Vlor? Wind Farm
Q.45 Whitelee Wind Farm
R. MAJOR GLOBAL MANUFACTURERS
R.1 Leading Industry Contributors
R.1.1 ACCIONA Energy
R.1.2 Airtricity
R.1.3 Bonus Energy
R.1.4 Cielo Wind Power
R.1.5 DeWind
R.1.6 Ecotecnia
R.1.7 EDF Energies Nouvelles
R.1.8 Enercon
R.1.9 Energia Hidroelectrica de Navarra (EHN)
R.1.10 Eurus Energy
R.1.11 FPL Energy
R.1.12 Fuhrlander
R.1.13 Gamesa Eolica
R.1.14 GE Energy
R.1.15 Horizon Wind Energy
R.1.16 Invenergy
R.1.17 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
R.1.18 NEG Micon
R.1.19 Nordex
R.1.20 PPM Energy
R.1.21 REpower Systems
R.1.22 ScanWind
R.1.23 Shell Renewables
R.1.24 Siemens
R.1.25 Suzlon
R.1.26 TransCanada
R.1.27 UPC Wind
R.1.28 Vestas
R.1.29 VisionQuest Windelectric
R.1.30 Western Wind Energy
R.1.31 Wind Prospect
R.1.32 WKN Windkraft Nord
S. DEBUNKING WIND MYTHS
S.1 The Myth: “Wind Power is Expensive”
S.2 The Myth: “Wind Power Harms the Environment
S.3 The Myth: “Wind Power is Unreliable and Always needs Back-up”
S.4 The Myth: “Wind Power is Highly Subsidized”
T. APPENDIX
U. GLOSSARY OF TERMS
A. INTRODUCTION TO WIND POWER
A.1 A Clean Green Energy – Wind Power
A.1.1 What is Wind Power?
A.1.2 How does it Work?
A.2 Brief History of Wind Power
A.3 Electricity from Wind
A.4 How do Wind Turbines Work?
A.5 Wind Power Technology
A.6 Wind Power Markets
A.7 Accommodating the Variable Nature of Wind Power
A.8 Environmental Impact
B. GROWTH DRIVERS FOR WIND ENERGY
B.1 Supply Security
B.2 Environmental Potential
B.3 Climate Change & Wind Power
B.3.1 Clean Development Mechanism
B.3.2 Wind Energy CDM Projects
B.4 Economic Feasibility
B.5 Employment & Development of Rural Areas
B.6 Renewable Quotas
B.7 Technology
C. THE GLOBAL WIND MARKET
C.1 Present-day Market Scenario
C.2 World Wind Resources
C.3 Increase in Growth Rates
C.4 Major Wind Producing Countries
C.4.1 Asia
C.4.2 Latin America
C.4.3 The Pacific
C.4.4 Africa & the Middle East
C.4.5 North America
C.5 The Future Scenario
C.5.1 Rising Importance of Wind Energy
C.5.2 Global Outlook Scenarios
C.5.3 Costs & Benefits
C.5.4 Investment
C.5.5 Generation Costs
C.5.6 Employment
C.5.7 Wind Energy Outlook from Energy Watch Group
C.5.8 Global Wind Turbine Market
D. LOOKING AT GLOBAL POLICIES
D.1 Analysis of the Kyoto Protocol & Post 2012 Reductions Framework
D.2 Changes in Export Credit Agencies, Multi-Lateral Development Banks & International Finance Institutions
E. ANALYZING THE EUROPEAN WIND POWER MARKET
E.1 Market Profile
E.1.1 Understanding the Global Energy Game
E.1.2 EU and Renewable Energy
E.1.3 Concern over Wind Power
E.2 Market Statistics
E.3 Contribution of Wind Power to Electricity Generation
F. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN EUROPE
F.1 CO2 Reductions from Wind Power
G. WIND ENERGY INVESTMENTS UP TO 2030
H. OFFSHORE WIND
I. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
I.1 Renewable Energy Policies in Europe
I.2 Renewable Energy Targets
I.3 Renewable Energy Directive
J. KEY ELEMENTS FOR WIND ENERGY MARKETS IN EUROPE
J.1 Growing Potential in Emerging Markets
K. KEY BARRIERS FACING THE MARKET & EU ACTION
K.1 Administrative Barriers
K.2 Grid-Related Barriers
K.3 Social and Financial Barriers
L. WIND POWER IN EUROPE AND EMPLOYMENT
M. FUTURE PERSPECTIVE: WIND POWER IN EUROPE
N. COUNTRY-WISE ANALYSIS ON WIND POWER
N.1 Austria
N.1.1 Wind Energy in Austria
N.1.2 Renewable Energy in Austria
N.1.3 Austria and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.2 Belgium
N.2.1 Wind Energy in Belgium
N.2.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.2.3 Renewable Energy in Belgium
N.2.4 Belgium and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.3 Denmark
N.3.1 Wind Energy in Denmark
N.3.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.3.3 Danish Government Plans
N.3.4 Regional and Local Employment
N.3.5 Denmark and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.4 Finland
N.4.1 Wind Energy in Finland
N.4.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.4.3 Finland and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.5. France
N.5.1 Wind Energy in France
N.5.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.5.3 France and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.6 Germany
N.6.1 Wind Energy in Germany
N.6.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.6.3 German Government Plans
N.6.4 Regional and Local Employment
N.6.5 Germany and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.7 Ireland
N.7.1 Wind Energy in Ireland
N.7.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.7.3 Ireland and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.8 Italy
N.8.1 Wind Energy in Italy
N.8.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.8.3 Italy and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.9 Netherlands
N.9.1 Wind Energy in the Netherlands
N.9.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.9.3 Netherlands and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.10 Norway
N.10.1 Wind Energy in Norway
N.10.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.11 Portugal
N.11.1 Wind Energy in Portugal
N.11.2 Portugal and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.12 Poland
N.12.1 Wind Energy in Poland
N.12.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.12.3 Polish Government Plans
N.12.4 Poland and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.13 Spain
N.13.1 Wind Energy in Spain
N.13.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.13.3 Regional and Local Employment
N.13.4 Spain and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.14 Sweden
N.14.1 Wind Energy in Sweden
N.14.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.14.3 Sweden and Renewable Energy Target of EU
N.15 United Kingdom
N.15.1 Wind Energy in the UK
N.15.2 Offshore Statistics: (Updated Jan 2009)
N.15.3 Wind Farms Currently Under Construction
N.15.4 United Kingdom and Renewable Energy Target of EU
O. PRIMARY ACTORS IN THE INDUSTRY
O.1 Wind Turbine Manufacturing Trends
O.2 Trends in the Value Chain
O.3 Positioning of Key Player
P. PLANNED FUTURE INVESTMENT
Q. MAJOR WIND FARMS IN EUROPE
Q.1 Alto Minho Wind Farm
Q.2 Aapua Wind Park
Q.3 Arada-Montemuro Wind Farm
Q.4 Arklow Bank Wind Park
Q.5 BARD Offshore 1
Q.6 Barrow Offshore Wind
Q.7 Borkum Riffgat
Q.8 Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm
Q.9 CEZ F?nt?nele Wind Farm
Q.10 Clyde Wind Farm
Q.11 Dobrich Wind Farm
Q.12 EDP Dobrogea Wind Farm
Q.13 El Marquesado Wind Farm
Q.14 Enel Agichiol Wind Farm
Q.15 Eolica Baia Wind Farm
Q.16 Eolica Beidaud Wind Farm
Q.17 Eolica Casimcea Wind Farm
Q.18 Eolica Cogealac Wind Farm
Q.19 Eolica S?cele Wind Farm
Q.20 Greater Gabbard
Q.21 Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm
Q.22 Hornberg Wind Park
Q.23 Istadparken
Q.24 Kavarna Wind Farm
Q.25 Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm
Q.26 Kryevidhi Wind Farm
Q.27 Lillgrund Wind Farm
Q.28 Lynn and Inner Dowsing Wind Farm
Q.29 Maranchon Wind Farm
Q.30 M?ri?elu Wind Farm
Q.31 Middelgrunden 40 MW Offshore Wind Farm
Q.32 North Hoyle
Q.33 Nysted Offshore Wind Farm
Q.34 OWEZ
Q.35 Princess Amalia Wind Farm
Q.36 Rhyl Flats
Q.37 Sams? Offshore Wind Farm
Q.38 Scroby Sands Wind Farm
Q.39 Sisante Wind Farm
Q.40 Sm?la Wind Farm
Q.41 Tomis Team Dobrogea Wind Farm
Q.42 Thorntonbank Wind Farm
Q.43 Ventominho Wind Farm
Q.44 Vlor? Wind Farm
Q.45 Whitelee Wind Farm
R. MAJOR GLOBAL MANUFACTURERS
R.1 Leading Industry Contributors
R.1.1 ACCIONA Energy
R.1.2 Airtricity
R.1.3 Bonus Energy
R.1.4 Cielo Wind Power
R.1.5 DeWind
R.1.6 Ecotecnia
R.1.7 EDF Energies Nouvelles
R.1.8 Enercon
R.1.9 Energia Hidroelectrica de Navarra (EHN)
R.1.10 Eurus Energy
R.1.11 FPL Energy
R.1.12 Fuhrlander
R.1.13 Gamesa Eolica
R.1.14 GE Energy
R.1.15 Horizon Wind Energy
R.1.16 Invenergy
R.1.17 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
R.1.18 NEG Micon
R.1.19 Nordex
R.1.20 PPM Energy
R.1.21 REpower Systems
R.1.22 ScanWind
R.1.23 Shell Renewables
R.1.24 Siemens
R.1.25 Suzlon
R.1.26 TransCanada
R.1.27 UPC Wind
R.1.28 Vestas
R.1.29 VisionQuest Windelectric
R.1.30 Western Wind Energy
R.1.31 Wind Prospect
R.1.32 WKN Windkraft Nord
S. DEBUNKING WIND MYTHS
S.1 The Myth: “Wind Power is Expensive”
S.2 The Myth: “Wind Power Harms the Environment
S.3 The Myth: “Wind Power is Unreliable and Always needs Back-up”
S.4 The Myth: “Wind Power is Highly Subsidized”
T. APPENDIX
U. GLOSSARY OF TERMS
