Wicker Chairs -Global Market Status & Trend Report 2013-2023 Top 20 Countries Data
Report Summary
Wicker Chairs -Global Market Status & Trend Report 2013-2023 Top 20 Countries Data offers a comprehensive analysis on Wicker Chairs industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data in Global major 20 countries and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Top 20 Countries Market Size of Wicker Chairs 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Wicker Chairs worldwide and market share by regions, with company and product introduction, position in the Wicker Chairs market
Market status and development trend of Wicker Chairs by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Wicker Chairs , and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the global Wicker Chairs market as:
Global Wicker Chairs Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain and Benelux)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia and Australia)
Latin America (Brazil, Argentina and Colombia)
Middle East and Africa
Global Wicker Chairs Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Indoor
Outdoor
Global Wicker Chairs Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Commercial Use
Home Use
Global Wicker Chairs Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Wicker Chairs Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Cane Industries
Heywood
Sunset West
South Sea
Wakefield
ATC Furniture
Triconville
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Wicker Chairs -Global Market Status & Trend Report 2013-2023 Top 20 Countries Data offers a comprehensive analysis on Wicker Chairs industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data in Global major 20 countries and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Top 20 Countries Market Size of Wicker Chairs 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Wicker Chairs worldwide and market share by regions, with company and product introduction, position in the Wicker Chairs market
Market status and development trend of Wicker Chairs by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Wicker Chairs , and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the global Wicker Chairs market as:
Global Wicker Chairs Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain and Benelux)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia and Australia)
Latin America (Brazil, Argentina and Colombia)
Middle East and Africa
Global Wicker Chairs Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Indoor
Outdoor
Global Wicker Chairs Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Commercial Use
Home Use
Global Wicker Chairs Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Wicker Chairs Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Cane Industries
Heywood
Sunset West
South Sea
Wakefield
ATC Furniture
Triconville
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF WICKER CHAIRS
1.1 Definition of Wicker Chairs in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Wicker Chairs
1.2.1 Indoor
1.2.2 Outdoor
1.3 Downstream Application of Wicker Chairs
1.3.1 Commercial Use
1.3.2 Home Use
1.4 Development History of Wicker Chairs
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Wicker Chairs 2013-2023
1.5.1 Global Wicker Chairs Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Wicker Chairs Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Wicker Chairs 2013-2017
2.2 Sales Market of Wicker Chairs by Regions
2.2.1 Sales Volume of Wicker Chairs by Regions
2.2.2 Sales Value of Wicker Chairs by Regions
2.3 Production Market of Wicker Chairs by Regions
2.4 Global Market Forecast of Wicker Chairs 2018-2023
2.4.1 Global Market Forecast of Wicker Chairs 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Forecast of Wicker Chairs by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Sales Volume of Wicker Chairs by Types
3.2 Sales Value of Wicker Chairs by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Wicker Chairs by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Global Sales Volume of Wicker Chairs by Downstream Industry
4.2 Global Market Forecast of Wicker Chairs by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 NORTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
5.1 North America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Countries
5.1.1 North America Wicker Chairs Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.2 North America Wicker Chairs Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.3 United States Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.4 Canada Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.5 Mexico Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
5.2 North America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Manufacturers
5.3 North America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.1 North America Wicker Chairs Sales by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.2 North America Wicker Chairs Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
5.4 North America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 6 EUROPE MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
6.1 Europe Wicker Chairs Market Status by Countries
6.1.1 Europe Wicker Chairs Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.2 Europe Wicker Chairs Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.3 Germany Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.4 UK Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.5 France Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.6 Italy Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.7 Russia Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.8 Spain Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.9 Benelux Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
6.2 Europe Wicker Chairs Market Status by Manufacturers
6.3 Europe Wicker Chairs Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.1 Europe Wicker Chairs Sales by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.2 Europe Wicker Chairs Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
6.4 Europe Wicker Chairs Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 7 ASIA PACIFIC MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
7.1 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Market Status by Countries
7.1.1 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.2 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.3 China Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.4 Japan Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.5 India Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.6 Southeast Asia Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.7 Australia Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
7.2 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Market Status by Manufacturers
7.3 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.1 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Sales by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.2 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
7.4 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 8 LATIN AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
8.1 Latin America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Countries
8.1.1 Latin America Wicker Chairs Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.2 Latin America Wicker Chairs Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.3 Brazil Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.4 Argentina Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.5 Colombia Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
8.2 Latin America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Manufacturers
8.3 Latin America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.1 Latin America Wicker Chairs Sales by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.2 Latin America Wicker Chairs Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
8.4 Latin America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 9 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
9.1 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Market Status by Countries
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.3 Middle East Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
9.1.4 Africa Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
9.2 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Market Status by Manufacturers
9.3 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.1 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Sales by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.2 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
9.4 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 10 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF WICKER CHAIRS
10.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
10.2 Wicker Chairs Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 11 WICKER CHAIRS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
11.1 Production Volume of Wicker Chairs by Major Manufacturers
11.2 Production Value of Wicker Chairs by Major Manufacturers
11.3 Basic Information of Wicker Chairs by Major Manufacturers
11.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Wicker Chairs Major Manufacturer
11.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Wicker Chairs Major Manufacturer
11.4 Market Competition News and Trend
11.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
11.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
11.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 12 WICKER CHAIRS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
12.1 Cane Industries
12.1.1 Company profile
12.1.2 Representative Wicker Chairs Product
12.1.3 Wicker Chairs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Cane Industries
12.2 Heywood
12.2.1 Company profile
12.2.2 Representative Wicker Chairs Product
12.2.3 Wicker Chairs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Heywood
12.3 Sunset West
12.3.1 Company profile
12.3.2 Representative Wicker Chairs Product
12.3.3 Wicker Chairs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sunset West
12.4 South Sea
12.4.1 Company profile
12.4.2 Representative Wicker Chairs Product
12.4.3 Wicker Chairs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of South Sea
12.5 Wakefield
12.5.1 Company profile
12.5.2 Representative Wicker Chairs Product
12.5.3 Wicker Chairs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Wakefield
12.6 ATC Furniture
12.6.1 Company profile
12.6.2 Representative Wicker Chairs Product
12.6.3 Wicker Chairs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ATC Furniture
12.7 Triconville
12.7.1 Company profile
12.7.2 Representative Wicker Chairs Product
12.7.3 Wicker Chairs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Triconville
CHAPTER 13 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF WICKER CHAIRS
13.1 Industry Chain of Wicker Chairs
13.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
13.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 14 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF WICKER CHAIRS
14.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Wicker Chairs
14.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Wicker Chairs
14.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Wicker Chairs
14.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Wicker Chairs
CHAPTER 15 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 16 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
16.1 Methodology/Research Approach
16.1.1 Research Programs/Design
16.1.2 Market Size Estimation
16.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
16.2 Data Source
16.2.1 Secondary Sources
16.2.2 Primary Sources
16.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Wicker Chairs in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Wicker Chairs
1.2.1 Indoor
1.2.2 Outdoor
1.3 Downstream Application of Wicker Chairs
1.3.1 Commercial Use
1.3.2 Home Use
1.4 Development History of Wicker Chairs
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Wicker Chairs 2013-2023
1.5.1 Global Wicker Chairs Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Wicker Chairs Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Wicker Chairs 2013-2017
2.2 Sales Market of Wicker Chairs by Regions
2.2.1 Sales Volume of Wicker Chairs by Regions
2.2.2 Sales Value of Wicker Chairs by Regions
2.3 Production Market of Wicker Chairs by Regions
2.4 Global Market Forecast of Wicker Chairs 2018-2023
2.4.1 Global Market Forecast of Wicker Chairs 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Forecast of Wicker Chairs by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Sales Volume of Wicker Chairs by Types
3.2 Sales Value of Wicker Chairs by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Wicker Chairs by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Global Sales Volume of Wicker Chairs by Downstream Industry
4.2 Global Market Forecast of Wicker Chairs by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 NORTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
5.1 North America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Countries
5.1.1 North America Wicker Chairs Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.2 North America Wicker Chairs Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.3 United States Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.4 Canada Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.5 Mexico Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
5.2 North America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Manufacturers
5.3 North America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.1 North America Wicker Chairs Sales by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.2 North America Wicker Chairs Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
5.4 North America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 6 EUROPE MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
6.1 Europe Wicker Chairs Market Status by Countries
6.1.1 Europe Wicker Chairs Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.2 Europe Wicker Chairs Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.3 Germany Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.4 UK Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.5 France Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.6 Italy Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.7 Russia Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.8 Spain Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.9 Benelux Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
6.2 Europe Wicker Chairs Market Status by Manufacturers
6.3 Europe Wicker Chairs Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.1 Europe Wicker Chairs Sales by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.2 Europe Wicker Chairs Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
6.4 Europe Wicker Chairs Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 7 ASIA PACIFIC MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
7.1 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Market Status by Countries
7.1.1 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.2 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.3 China Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.4 Japan Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.5 India Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.6 Southeast Asia Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.7 Australia Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
7.2 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Market Status by Manufacturers
7.3 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.1 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Sales by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.2 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
7.4 Asia Pacific Wicker Chairs Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 8 LATIN AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
8.1 Latin America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Countries
8.1.1 Latin America Wicker Chairs Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.2 Latin America Wicker Chairs Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.3 Brazil Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.4 Argentina Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.5 Colombia Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
8.2 Latin America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Manufacturers
8.3 Latin America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.1 Latin America Wicker Chairs Sales by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.2 Latin America Wicker Chairs Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
8.4 Latin America Wicker Chairs Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 9 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
9.1 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Market Status by Countries
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.3 Middle East Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
9.1.4 Africa Wicker Chairs Market Status (2013-2017)
9.2 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Market Status by Manufacturers
9.3 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.1 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Sales by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.2 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
9.4 Middle East and Africa Wicker Chairs Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 10 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF WICKER CHAIRS
10.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
10.2 Wicker Chairs Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 11 WICKER CHAIRS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
11.1 Production Volume of Wicker Chairs by Major Manufacturers
11.2 Production Value of Wicker Chairs by Major Manufacturers
11.3 Basic Information of Wicker Chairs by Major Manufacturers
11.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Wicker Chairs Major Manufacturer
11.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Wicker Chairs Major Manufacturer
11.4 Market Competition News and Trend
11.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
11.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
11.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 12 WICKER CHAIRS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
12.1 Cane Industries
12.1.1 Company profile
12.1.2 Representative Wicker Chairs Product
12.1.3 Wicker Chairs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Cane Industries
12.2 Heywood
12.2.1 Company profile
12.2.2 Representative Wicker Chairs Product
12.2.3 Wicker Chairs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Heywood
12.3 Sunset West
12.3.1 Company profile
12.3.2 Representative Wicker Chairs Product
12.3.3 Wicker Chairs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sunset West
12.4 South Sea
12.4.1 Company profile
12.4.2 Representative Wicker Chairs Product
12.4.3 Wicker Chairs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of South Sea
12.5 Wakefield
12.5.1 Company profile
12.5.2 Representative Wicker Chairs Product
12.5.3 Wicker Chairs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Wakefield
12.6 ATC Furniture
12.6.1 Company profile
12.6.2 Representative Wicker Chairs Product
12.6.3 Wicker Chairs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ATC Furniture
12.7 Triconville
12.7.1 Company profile
12.7.2 Representative Wicker Chairs Product
12.7.3 Wicker Chairs Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Triconville
CHAPTER 13 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF WICKER CHAIRS
13.1 Industry Chain of Wicker Chairs
13.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
13.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 14 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF WICKER CHAIRS
14.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Wicker Chairs
14.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Wicker Chairs
14.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Wicker Chairs
14.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Wicker Chairs
CHAPTER 15 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 16 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
16.1 Methodology/Research Approach
16.1.1 Research Programs/Design
16.1.2 Market Size Estimation
16.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
16.2 Data Source
16.2.1 Secondary Sources
16.2.2 Primary Sources
16.3 Reference
