Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters-Asia Pacific Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters-Asia Pacific Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole Asia Pacific and Regional Market Size of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in Asia Pacific, with company and product introduction, position in the Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters market
Market status and development trend of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the Asia Pacific Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters market as:
Asia Pacific Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
China
Japan
Korea
India
Southeast Asia
Australia
Asia Pacific Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Full Size Vehicle
Medium Size Vehicle
Small Size Vehicle
Asia Pacific Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Commercial Using
Household Using
Asia Pacific Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Toyota Motor Corporation
Rollx Vans
BraunAbility
Vantage Mobility International
Mobility Ventures LLC
Freedom Motors USA
Fiat Doblo
Renault Kangoo
Kia Sedona
Skoda Roomster
Grand Voyager
Peugeot Bipper
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters-Asia Pacific Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole Asia Pacific and Regional Market Size of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in Asia Pacific, with company and product introduction, position in the Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters market
Market status and development trend of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the Asia Pacific Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters market as:
Asia Pacific Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
China
Japan
Korea
India
Southeast Asia
Australia
Asia Pacific Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Full Size Vehicle
Medium Size Vehicle
Small Size Vehicle
Asia Pacific Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Commercial Using
Household Using
Asia Pacific Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Toyota Motor Corporation
Rollx Vans
BraunAbility
Vantage Mobility International
Mobility Ventures LLC
Freedom Motors USA
Fiat Doblo
Renault Kangoo
Kia Sedona
Skoda Roomster
Grand Voyager
Peugeot Bipper
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE VEHICLE CONVERTERS
1.1 Definition of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
1.2.1 Full Size Vehicle
1.2.2 Medium Size Vehicle
1.2.3 Small Size Vehicle
1.3 Downstream Application of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
1.3.1 Commercial Using
1.3.2 Household Using
1.4 Development History of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters 2013-2023
1.5.1 China Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in North China 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in Northeast China 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in East China 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in Central & South China 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in Southwest China 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in Northwest China 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole China Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Types
3.2 China Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in North China
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Northeast China
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in East China
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Central & South China
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Southwest China
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Northwest China
3.3 Market Forecast of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Types
CHAPTER 4 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Downstream Industry in North China
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Downstream Industry in Northeast China
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Downstream Industry in East China
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Downstream Industry in Central & South China
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Downstream Industry in Southwest China
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Downstream Industry in Northwest China
4.3 Market Forecast of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE VEHICLE CONVERTERS
5.1 China Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE VEHICLE CONVERTERS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN CHINA
6.1 Sales Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE VEHICLE CONVERTERS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Toyota Motor Corporation
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.1.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Toyota Motor Corporation
7.2 Rollx Vans
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.2.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Rollx Vans
7.3 BraunAbility
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.3.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BraunAbility
7.4 Vantage Mobility International
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.4.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Vantage Mobility International
7.5 Mobility Ventures LLC
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.5.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Mobility Ventures LLC
7.6 Freedom Motors USA
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.6.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Freedom Motors USA
7.7 Fiat Doblo
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.7.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Fiat Doblo
7.8 Renault Kangoo
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.8.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Renault Kangoo
7.9 Kia Sedona
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.9.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Kia Sedona
7.10 Skoda Roomster
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.10.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Skoda Roomster
7.11 Grand Voyager
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.11.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Grand Voyager
7.12 Peugeot Bipper
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.12.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Peugeot Bipper
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE VEHICLE CONVERTERS
8.1 Industry Chain of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE VEHICLE CONVERTERS
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE VEHICLE CONVERTERS
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
1.2.1 Full Size Vehicle
1.2.2 Medium Size Vehicle
1.2.3 Small Size Vehicle
1.3 Downstream Application of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
1.3.1 Commercial Using
1.3.2 Household Using
1.4 Development History of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters 2013-2023
1.5.1 China Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in North China 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in Northeast China 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in East China 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in Central & South China 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in Southwest China 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in Northwest China 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole China Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Types
3.2 China Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in North China
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Northeast China
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in East China
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Central & South China
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Southwest China
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Northwest China
3.3 Market Forecast of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Types
CHAPTER 4 CHINA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Downstream Industry in North China
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Downstream Industry in Northeast China
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Downstream Industry in East China
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Downstream Industry in Central & South China
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Downstream Industry in Southwest China
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Downstream Industry in Northwest China
4.3 Market Forecast of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE VEHICLE CONVERTERS
5.1 China Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE VEHICLE CONVERTERS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN CHINA
6.1 Sales Volume of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters in China by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE VEHICLE CONVERTERS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Toyota Motor Corporation
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.1.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Toyota Motor Corporation
7.2 Rollx Vans
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.2.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Rollx Vans
7.3 BraunAbility
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.3.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BraunAbility
7.4 Vantage Mobility International
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.4.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Vantage Mobility International
7.5 Mobility Ventures LLC
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.5.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Mobility Ventures LLC
7.6 Freedom Motors USA
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.6.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Freedom Motors USA
7.7 Fiat Doblo
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.7.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Fiat Doblo
7.8 Renault Kangoo
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.8.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Renault Kangoo
7.9 Kia Sedona
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.9.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Kia Sedona
7.10 Skoda Roomster
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.10.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Skoda Roomster
7.11 Grand Voyager
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.11.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Grand Voyager
7.12 Peugeot Bipper
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Product
7.12.3 Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Peugeot Bipper
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE VEHICLE CONVERTERS
8.1 Industry Chain of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE VEHICLE CONVERTERS
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle Converters
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE VEHICLE CONVERTERS
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
