Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2016-2026
Report Summary
Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2016-2026 offers a comprehensive analysis on Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Regional Market Size of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) 2016-2021, and development forecast 2022-2026
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) worldwide, with company and product introduction, position in the Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) market
Market status and development trend of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF), and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challengesSince the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost 100 countries around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency.The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Ammonium Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) market in 2020.COVID-19 can affect the global economy in three main ways: by directly affecting production and demand, by creating supply chain and market disruption, and by its financial impact on firms and financial markets.The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.This report also analyses the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) industry.
The report segments the global Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) market as:
Global Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2016-2026):
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Rest APAC
Latin America
Global Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2016-2026):
Umbilicals
RisersandFlowlines
Global Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2016-2026; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
ShallowWaterOil&GasFields
DeepwaterOil&GasFields
UltraDeepwaterOil&GasFields
Global Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
AkerSolutions
Technip
FMCTechnologies
PrysmianGroup
Vallourec
Nexans
JDR
Oceaneering
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2016-2026 offers a comprehensive analysis on Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Regional Market Size of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) 2016-2021, and development forecast 2022-2026
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) worldwide, with company and product introduction, position in the Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) market
Market status and development trend of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF), and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challengesSince the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost 100 countries around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency.The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Ammonium Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) market in 2020.COVID-19 can affect the global economy in three main ways: by directly affecting production and demand, by creating supply chain and market disruption, and by its financial impact on firms and financial markets.The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.This report also analyses the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) industry.
The report segments the global Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) market as:
Global Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2016-2026):
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Rest APAC
Latin America
Global Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2016-2026):
Umbilicals
RisersandFlowlines
Global Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2016-2026; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
ShallowWaterOil&GasFields
DeepwaterOil&GasFields
UltraDeepwaterOil&GasFields
Global Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
AkerSolutions
Technip
FMCTechnologies
PrysmianGroup
Vallourec
Nexans
JDR
Oceaneering
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF OIL & GAS SUBSEA UMBILICALS, RISERS & FLOWLINES (SURF)
1.1 Definition of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
1.2.1 Umbilicals
1.2.2 RisersandFlowlines
1.3 Downstream Application of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
1.3.1 ShallowWaterOil&GasFields
1.3.2 DeepwaterOil&GasFields
1.3.3 UltraDeepwaterOil&GasFields
1.4 Development History of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) 2016-2026
1.5.1 Global Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
1.5.2 Regional Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) 2016-2021
2.2 Production Market of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Regions
2.2.1 Production Volume of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Regions
2.2.2 Production Value of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Regions
2.3 Demand Market of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Regions
2.4 Production and Demand Status of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Regions
2.4.1 Production and Demand Status of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Regions 2016-2021
2.4.2 Import and Export Status of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Regions 2016-2021
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Production Volume of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Types
3.2 Production Value of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Downstream Industry
4.2 Market Forecast of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS SUBSEA UMBILICALS, RISERS & FLOWLINES (SURF)
5.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 OIL & GAS SUBSEA UMBILICALS, RISERS & FLOWLINES (SURF) MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
6.1 Production Volume of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Major Manufacturers
6.2 Production Value of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Major Manufacturers
6.3 Basic Information of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Major Manufacturers
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Major Manufacturer
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Major Manufacturer
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 OIL & GAS SUBSEA UMBILICALS, RISERS & FLOWLINES (SURF) MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 AkerSolutions
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.1.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of AkerSolutions
7.2 Technip
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.2.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Technip
7.3 FMCTechnologies
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.3.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of FMCTechnologies
7.4 PrysmianGroup
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.4.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of PrysmianGroup
7.5 Vallourec
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.5.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Vallourec
7.6 Nexans
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.6.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nexans
7.7 JDR
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.7.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of JDR
7.8 Oceaneering
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.8.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Oceaneering
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS SUBSEA UMBILICALS, RISERS & FLOWLINES (SURF)
8.1 Industry Chain of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS SUBSEA UMBILICALS, RISERS & FLOWLINES (SURF)
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS SUBSEA UMBILICALS, RISERS & FLOWLINES (SURF)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
1.2.1 Umbilicals
1.2.2 RisersandFlowlines
1.3 Downstream Application of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
1.3.1 ShallowWaterOil&GasFields
1.3.2 DeepwaterOil&GasFields
1.3.3 UltraDeepwaterOil&GasFields
1.4 Development History of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) 2016-2026
1.5.1 Global Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
1.5.2 Regional Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) 2016-2021
2.2 Production Market of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Regions
2.2.1 Production Volume of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Regions
2.2.2 Production Value of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Regions
2.3 Demand Market of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Regions
2.4 Production and Demand Status of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Regions
2.4.1 Production and Demand Status of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Regions 2016-2021
2.4.2 Import and Export Status of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Regions 2016-2021
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Production Volume of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Types
3.2 Production Value of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Downstream Industry
4.2 Market Forecast of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS SUBSEA UMBILICALS, RISERS & FLOWLINES (SURF)
5.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 OIL & GAS SUBSEA UMBILICALS, RISERS & FLOWLINES (SURF) MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
6.1 Production Volume of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Major Manufacturers
6.2 Production Value of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Major Manufacturers
6.3 Basic Information of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) by Major Manufacturers
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Major Manufacturer
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Major Manufacturer
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 OIL & GAS SUBSEA UMBILICALS, RISERS & FLOWLINES (SURF) MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 AkerSolutions
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.1.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of AkerSolutions
7.2 Technip
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.2.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Technip
7.3 FMCTechnologies
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.3.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of FMCTechnologies
7.4 PrysmianGroup
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.4.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of PrysmianGroup
7.5 Vallourec
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.5.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Vallourec
7.6 Nexans
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.6.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nexans
7.7 JDR
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.7.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of JDR
7.8 Oceaneering
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Product
7.8.3 Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Oceaneering
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS SUBSEA UMBILICALS, RISERS & FLOWLINES (SURF)
8.1 Industry Chain of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS SUBSEA UMBILICALS, RISERS & FLOWLINES (SURF)
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Oil & Gas Subsea Umbilicals, Risers & Flowlines (SURF)
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS SUBSEA UMBILICALS, RISERS & FLOWLINES (SURF)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
