Industrial Gear Motors and Drives-United States Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
Industrial Gear Motors and Drives-United States Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Industrial Gear Motors and Drives industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole United States and Regional Market Size of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States, with company and product introduction, position in the Industrial Gear Motors and Drives market
Market status and development trend of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the United States Industrial Gear Motors and Drives market as:
United States Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
New England
The Middle Atlantic
The Midwest
The West
The South
Southwest
United States Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Normal Gear
Worm Gear
Planetary Gear
United States Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Energy
Chemical
Food
Transportation
United States Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Siemens
SEW-EURODRIVE
Nord
Bosch Rexroth
Emerson
ABB
Altra Industrial Motion
Sumitomo Heavy Industries
Bonfiglioli
Rexnord
WEG
TECO
Guomao Reducer
Tailong Decelerator Machinery
Taixing Reducer
Tongli
Haoke
Hongtai
Tianjin Speed Reducer
Jiangsu Tailai Group
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Industrial Gear Motors and Drives-United States Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Industrial Gear Motors and Drives industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole United States and Regional Market Size of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States, with company and product introduction, position in the Industrial Gear Motors and Drives market
Market status and development trend of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the United States Industrial Gear Motors and Drives market as:
United States Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
New England
The Middle Atlantic
The Midwest
The West
The South
Southwest
United States Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Normal Gear
Worm Gear
Planetary Gear
United States Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Energy
Chemical
Food
Transportation
United States Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Siemens
SEW-EURODRIVE
Nord
Bosch Rexroth
Emerson
ABB
Altra Industrial Motion
Sumitomo Heavy Industries
Bonfiglioli
Rexnord
WEG
TECO
Guomao Reducer
Tailong Decelerator Machinery
Taixing Reducer
Tongli
Haoke
Hongtai
Tianjin Speed Reducer
Jiangsu Tailai Group
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL GEAR MOTORS AND DRIVES
1.1 Definition of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
1.2.1 Normal Gear
1.2.2 Worm Gear
1.2.3 Planetary Gear
1.3 Downstream Application of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
1.3.1 Energy
1.3.2 Chemical
1.3.3 Food
1.3.4 Transportation
1.4 Development History of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives 2013-2023
1.5.1 United States Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in New England 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in The Middle Atlantic 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in The Midwest 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in The West 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in The South 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in Southwest 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole United States Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Types
3.2 United States Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in New England
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in The Middle Atlantic
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in The Midwest
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in The West
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in The South
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Southwest
3.3 Market Forecast of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Types
CHAPTER 4 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Downstream Industry in New England
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Downstream Industry in The Middle Atlantic
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Downstream Industry in The Midwest
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Downstream Industry in The West
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Downstream Industry in The South
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Downstream Industry in Southwest
4.3 Market Forecast of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL GEAR MOTORS AND DRIVES
5.1 United States Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 INDUSTRIAL GEAR MOTORS AND DRIVES MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN UNITED STATES
6.1 Sales Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 INDUSTRIAL GEAR MOTORS AND DRIVES MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Siemens
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.1.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Siemens
7.2 SEW-EURODRIVE
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.2.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of SEW-EURODRIVE
7.3 Nord
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.3.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nord
7.4 Bosch Rexroth
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.4.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bosch Rexroth
7.5 Emerson
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.5.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Emerson
7.6 ABB
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.6.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ABB
7.7 Altra Industrial Motion
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.7.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Altra Industrial Motion
7.8 Sumitomo Heavy Industries
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.8.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sumitomo Heavy Industries
7.9 Bonfiglioli
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.9.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bonfiglioli
7.10 Rexnord
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.10.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Rexnord
7.11 WEG
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.11.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of WEG
7.12 TECO
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.12.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of TECO
7.13 Guomao Reducer
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.13.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Guomao Reducer
7.14 Tailong Decelerator Machinery
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.14.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Tailong Decelerator Machinery
7.15 Taixing Reducer
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.15.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Taixing Reducer
7.16 Tongli
7.17 Haoke
7.18 Hongtai
7.19 Tianjin Speed Reducer
7.20 Jiangsu Tailai Group
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL GEAR MOTORS AND DRIVES
8.1 Industry Chain of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL GEAR MOTORS AND DRIVES
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL GEAR MOTORS AND DRIVES
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
1.2.1 Normal Gear
1.2.2 Worm Gear
1.2.3 Planetary Gear
1.3 Downstream Application of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
1.3.1 Energy
1.3.2 Chemical
1.3.3 Food
1.3.4 Transportation
1.4 Development History of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives 2013-2023
1.5.1 United States Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in New England 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in The Middle Atlantic 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in The Midwest 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in The West 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in The South 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in Southwest 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole United States Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Types
3.2 United States Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in New England
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in The Middle Atlantic
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in The Midwest
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in The West
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in The South
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Southwest
3.3 Market Forecast of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Types
CHAPTER 4 UNITED STATES MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Downstream Industry in New England
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Downstream Industry in The Middle Atlantic
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Downstream Industry in The Midwest
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Downstream Industry in The West
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Downstream Industry in The South
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Downstream Industry in Southwest
4.3 Market Forecast of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL GEAR MOTORS AND DRIVES
5.1 United States Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 INDUSTRIAL GEAR MOTORS AND DRIVES MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN UNITED STATES
6.1 Sales Volume of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives in United States by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 INDUSTRIAL GEAR MOTORS AND DRIVES MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Siemens
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.1.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Siemens
7.2 SEW-EURODRIVE
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.2.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of SEW-EURODRIVE
7.3 Nord
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.3.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nord
7.4 Bosch Rexroth
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.4.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bosch Rexroth
7.5 Emerson
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.5.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Emerson
7.6 ABB
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.6.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ABB
7.7 Altra Industrial Motion
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.7.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Altra Industrial Motion
7.8 Sumitomo Heavy Industries
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.8.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sumitomo Heavy Industries
7.9 Bonfiglioli
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.9.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bonfiglioli
7.10 Rexnord
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.10.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Rexnord
7.11 WEG
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.11.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of WEG
7.12 TECO
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.12.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of TECO
7.13 Guomao Reducer
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.13.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Guomao Reducer
7.14 Tailong Decelerator Machinery
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.14.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Tailong Decelerator Machinery
7.15 Taixing Reducer
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Product
7.15.3 Industrial Gear Motors and Drives Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Taixing Reducer
7.16 Tongli
7.17 Haoke
7.18 Hongtai
7.19 Tianjin Speed Reducer
7.20 Jiangsu Tailai Group
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL GEAR MOTORS AND DRIVES
8.1 Industry Chain of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL GEAR MOTORS AND DRIVES
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Industrial Gear Motors and Drives
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL GEAR MOTORS AND DRIVES
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
