Industrial Food Cutting Machines-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
Industrial Food Cutting Machines-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Industrial Food Cutting Machines industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole Europe and Regional Market Size of Industrial Food Cutting Machines 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe, with company and product introduction, position in the Industrial Food Cutting Machines market
Market status and development trend of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Industrial Food Cutting Machines, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the Europe Industrial Food Cutting Machines market as:
Europe Industrial Food Cutting Machines Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Spain
Benelux
Russia
Europe Industrial Food Cutting Machines Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Food Slicers
Food Dicers
Food Shredders
Food Millers
Europe Industrial Food Cutting Machines Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Fruits and Vegetables
Fish and Seafood
Meats
Cheese
Europe Industrial Food Cutting Machines Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
FAM
EMURA FOOD MACHINE
Urschel Laboratories
GEA Group
TREIF Maschinenbau
Tecnotrans UG
Weber Maschinenbau GmbH
Buhler Group
Dadaux
holac Maschinenbau
Jaymech Food Machines
KRONEN
MARELEC Food Technologies
Nilma
Sormac
Stephan Machinery
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Industrial Food Cutting Machines-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Industrial Food Cutting Machines industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole Europe and Regional Market Size of Industrial Food Cutting Machines 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe, with company and product introduction, position in the Industrial Food Cutting Machines market
Market status and development trend of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Industrial Food Cutting Machines, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the Europe Industrial Food Cutting Machines market as:
Europe Industrial Food Cutting Machines Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Spain
Benelux
Russia
Europe Industrial Food Cutting Machines Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Food Slicers
Food Dicers
Food Shredders
Food Millers
Europe Industrial Food Cutting Machines Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Fruits and Vegetables
Fish and Seafood
Meats
Cheese
Europe Industrial Food Cutting Machines Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
FAM
EMURA FOOD MACHINE
Urschel Laboratories
GEA Group
TREIF Maschinenbau
Tecnotrans UG
Weber Maschinenbau GmbH
Buhler Group
Dadaux
holac Maschinenbau
Jaymech Food Machines
KRONEN
MARELEC Food Technologies
Nilma
Sormac
Stephan Machinery
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL FOOD CUTTING MACHINES
1.1 Definition of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
1.2.1 Food Slicers
1.2.2 Food Dicers
1.2.3 Food Shredders
1.2.4 Food Millers
1.3 Downstream Application of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
1.3.1 Fruits and Vegetables
1.3.2 Fish and Seafood
1.3.3 Meats
1.3.4 Cheese
1.4 Development History of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Industrial Food Cutting Machines 2013-2023
1.5.1 Europe Industrial Food Cutting Machines Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Industrial Food Cutting Machines Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Germany 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in United Kingdom 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in France 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Italy 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Spain 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Benelux 2013-2017
2.3.7 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Russia 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole Europe Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Types
3.2 Europe Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in Germany
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in United Kingdom
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in France
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Italy
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Spain
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Benelux
3.2.7 Market Status by Types in Russia
3.3 Market Forecast of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Types
CHAPTER 4 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in Germany
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in United Kingdom
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in France
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in Italy
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in Spain
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in Benelux
4.2.7 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in Russia
4.3 Market Forecast of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL FOOD CUTTING MACHINES
5.1 Europe Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 INDUSTRIAL FOOD CUTTING MACHINES MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN EUROPE
6.1 Sales Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Industrial Food Cutting Machines Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Industrial Food Cutting Machines Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 INDUSTRIAL FOOD CUTTING MACHINES MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 FAM
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.1.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of FAM
7.2 EMURA FOOD MACHINE
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.2.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of EMURA FOOD MACHINE
7.3 Urschel Laboratories
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.3.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Urschel Laboratories
7.4 GEA Group
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.4.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GEA Group
7.5 TREIF Maschinenbau
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.5.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of TREIF Maschinenbau
7.6 Tecnotrans UG
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.6.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Tecnotrans UG
7.7 Weber Maschinenbau GmbH
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.7.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Weber Maschinenbau GmbH
7.8 Buhler Group
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.8.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Buhler Group
7.9 Dadaux
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.9.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Dadaux
7.10 holac Maschinenbau
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.10.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of holac Maschinenbau
7.11 Jaymech Food Machines
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.11.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Jaymech Food Machines
7.12 KRONEN
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.12.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of KRONEN
7.13 MARELEC Food Technologies
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.13.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of MARELEC Food Technologies
7.14 Nilma
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.14.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nilma
7.15 Sormac
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.15.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sormac
7.16 Stephan Machinery
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL FOOD CUTTING MACHINES
8.1 Industry Chain of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL FOOD CUTTING MACHINES
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL FOOD CUTTING MACHINES
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
1.2.1 Food Slicers
1.2.2 Food Dicers
1.2.3 Food Shredders
1.2.4 Food Millers
1.3 Downstream Application of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
1.3.1 Fruits and Vegetables
1.3.2 Fish and Seafood
1.3.3 Meats
1.3.4 Cheese
1.4 Development History of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Industrial Food Cutting Machines 2013-2023
1.5.1 Europe Industrial Food Cutting Machines Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Industrial Food Cutting Machines Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Germany 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in United Kingdom 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in France 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Italy 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Spain 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Benelux 2013-2017
2.3.7 Market Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Russia 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole Europe Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Types
3.2 Europe Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in Germany
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in United Kingdom
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in France
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Italy
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Spain
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Benelux
3.2.7 Market Status by Types in Russia
3.3 Market Forecast of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Types
CHAPTER 4 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in Germany
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in United Kingdom
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in France
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in Italy
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in Spain
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in Benelux
4.2.7 Demand Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Downstream Industry in Russia
4.3 Market Forecast of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL FOOD CUTTING MACHINES
5.1 Europe Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 INDUSTRIAL FOOD CUTTING MACHINES MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN EUROPE
6.1 Sales Volume of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Industrial Food Cutting Machines in Europe by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Industrial Food Cutting Machines by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Industrial Food Cutting Machines Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Industrial Food Cutting Machines Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 INDUSTRIAL FOOD CUTTING MACHINES MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 FAM
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.1.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of FAM
7.2 EMURA FOOD MACHINE
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.2.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of EMURA FOOD MACHINE
7.3 Urschel Laboratories
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.3.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Urschel Laboratories
7.4 GEA Group
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.4.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GEA Group
7.5 TREIF Maschinenbau
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.5.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of TREIF Maschinenbau
7.6 Tecnotrans UG
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.6.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Tecnotrans UG
7.7 Weber Maschinenbau GmbH
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.7.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Weber Maschinenbau GmbH
7.8 Buhler Group
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.8.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Buhler Group
7.9 Dadaux
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.9.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Dadaux
7.10 holac Maschinenbau
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.10.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of holac Maschinenbau
7.11 Jaymech Food Machines
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.11.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Jaymech Food Machines
7.12 KRONEN
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.12.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of KRONEN
7.13 MARELEC Food Technologies
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.13.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of MARELEC Food Technologies
7.14 Nilma
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.14.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nilma
7.15 Sormac
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Industrial Food Cutting Machines Product
7.15.3 Industrial Food Cutting Machines Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sormac
7.16 Stephan Machinery
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL FOOD CUTTING MACHINES
8.1 Industry Chain of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL FOOD CUTTING MACHINES
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Industrial Food Cutting Machines
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL FOOD CUTTING MACHINES
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
