Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2016-2026
Report Summary
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2016-2026 offers a comprehensive analysis on Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Regional Market Size of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) 2016-2021, and development forecast 2022-2026
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) worldwide, with company and product introduction, position in the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) market
Market status and development trend of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challengesSince the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost 100 countries around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency.The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Ammonium Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) market in 2020.COVID-19 can affect the global economy in three main ways: by directly affecting production and demand, by creating supply chain and market disruption, and by its financial impact on firms and financial markets.The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.This report also analyses the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) industry.
The report segments the global Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) market as:
Global Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2016-2026):
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Rest APAC
Latin America
Global Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2016-2026):
ParallelHybridElectricVehicle
SeriesHybridElectricVehicle
Global Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2016-2026; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Commercial
Passenger
Global Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Nissan(Japan)
Peugeot(France)
Saturn(U.S.)
Toyota(Japan)
Volkswagen(Germany)
Audi(Germany)
BMW(Germany)
Mercedes(Germany)
Buick(U.S.)
Chevrolet(U.S.)
Daimler(Germany)
AWGroupCorp.(China)
Honda(Japan)
Mercedes(Germany)
Ford(U.S.)
Lexus(Japan)
BYD(China)
Volvo(Sweden)
KIA(Korea)
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2016-2026 offers a comprehensive analysis on Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Regional Market Size of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) 2016-2021, and development forecast 2022-2026
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) worldwide, with company and product introduction, position in the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) market
Market status and development trend of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challengesSince the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost 100 countries around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency.The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Ammonium Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) market in 2020.COVID-19 can affect the global economy in three main ways: by directly affecting production and demand, by creating supply chain and market disruption, and by its financial impact on firms and financial markets.The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.This report also analyses the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) industry.
The report segments the global Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) market as:
Global Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2016-2026):
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Rest APAC
Latin America
Global Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2016-2026):
ParallelHybridElectricVehicle
SeriesHybridElectricVehicle
Global Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2016-2026; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Commercial
Passenger
Global Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Nissan(Japan)
Peugeot(France)
Saturn(U.S.)
Toyota(Japan)
Volkswagen(Germany)
Audi(Germany)
BMW(Germany)
Mercedes(Germany)
Buick(U.S.)
Chevrolet(U.S.)
Daimler(Germany)
AWGroupCorp.(China)
Honda(Japan)
Mercedes(Germany)
Ford(U.S.)
Lexus(Japan)
BYD(China)
Volvo(Sweden)
KIA(Korea)
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV)
1.1 Definition of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
1.2.1 ParallelHybridElectricVehicle
1.2.2 SeriesHybridElectricVehicle
1.3 Downstream Application of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
1.3.1 Commercial
1.3.2 Passenger
1.4 Development History of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) 2016-2026
1.5.1 Global Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
1.5.2 Regional Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) 2016-2021
2.2 Production Market of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Regions
2.2.1 Production Volume of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Regions
2.2.2 Production Value of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Regions
2.3 Demand Market of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Regions
2.4 Production and Demand Status of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Regions
2.4.1 Production and Demand Status of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Regions 2016-2021
2.4.2 Import and Export Status of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Regions 2016-2021
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Production Volume of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Types
3.2 Production Value of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Downstream Industry
4.2 Market Forecast of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV)
5.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV) MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
6.1 Production Volume of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Major Manufacturers
6.2 Production Value of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Major Manufacturers
6.3 Basic Information of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Major Manufacturers
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Major Manufacturer
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Major Manufacturer
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV) MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Nissan(Japan)
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.1.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nissan(Japan)
7.2 Peugeot(France)
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.2.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Peugeot(France)
7.3 Saturn(U.S.)
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.3.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Saturn(U.S.)
7.4 Toyota(Japan)
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.4.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Toyota(Japan)
7.5 Volkswagen(Germany)
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.5.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Volkswagen(Germany)
7.6 Audi(Germany)
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.6.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Audi(Germany)
7.7 BMW(Germany)
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.7.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BMW(Germany)
7.8 Mercedes(Germany)
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.8.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Mercedes(Germany)
7.9 Buick(U.S.)
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.9.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Buick(U.S.)
7.10 Chevrolet(U.S.)
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.10.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Chevrolet(U.S.)
7.11 Daimler(Germany)
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.11.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Daimler(Germany)
7.12 AWGroupCorp.(China)
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.12.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of AWGroupCorp.(China)
7.13 Honda(Japan)
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.13.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Honda(Japan)
7.14 Mercedes(Germany)
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.14.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Mercedes(Germany)
7.15 Ford(U.S.)
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.15.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Ford(U.S.)
7.16 Lexus(Japan)
7.17 BYD(China)
7.18 Volvo(Sweden)
7.19 KIA(Korea)
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV)
8.1 Industry Chain of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV)
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
1.2.1 ParallelHybridElectricVehicle
1.2.2 SeriesHybridElectricVehicle
1.3 Downstream Application of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
1.3.1 Commercial
1.3.2 Passenger
1.4 Development History of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) 2016-2026
1.5.1 Global Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
1.5.2 Regional Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) 2016-2021
2.2 Production Market of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Regions
2.2.1 Production Volume of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Regions
2.2.2 Production Value of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Regions
2.3 Demand Market of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Regions
2.4 Production and Demand Status of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Regions
2.4.1 Production and Demand Status of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Regions 2016-2021
2.4.2 Import and Export Status of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Regions 2016-2021
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Production Volume of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Types
3.2 Production Value of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Downstream Industry
4.2 Market Forecast of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV)
5.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV) MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
6.1 Production Volume of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Major Manufacturers
6.2 Production Value of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Major Manufacturers
6.3 Basic Information of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by Major Manufacturers
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Major Manufacturer
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Major Manufacturer
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV) MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Nissan(Japan)
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.1.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nissan(Japan)
7.2 Peugeot(France)
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.2.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Peugeot(France)
7.3 Saturn(U.S.)
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.3.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Saturn(U.S.)
7.4 Toyota(Japan)
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.4.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Toyota(Japan)
7.5 Volkswagen(Germany)
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.5.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Volkswagen(Germany)
7.6 Audi(Germany)
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.6.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Audi(Germany)
7.7 BMW(Germany)
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.7.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BMW(Germany)
7.8 Mercedes(Germany)
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.8.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Mercedes(Germany)
7.9 Buick(U.S.)
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.9.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Buick(U.S.)
7.10 Chevrolet(U.S.)
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.10.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Chevrolet(U.S.)
7.11 Daimler(Germany)
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.11.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Daimler(Germany)
7.12 AWGroupCorp.(China)
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.12.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of AWGroupCorp.(China)
7.13 Honda(Japan)
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.13.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Honda(Japan)
7.14 Mercedes(Germany)
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.14.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Mercedes(Germany)
7.15 Ford(U.S.)
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Product
7.15.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Ford(U.S.)
7.16 Lexus(Japan)
7.17 BYD(China)
7.18 Volvo(Sweden)
7.19 KIA(Korea)
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV)
8.1 Industry Chain of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV)
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
