Global and Chinese Wireless Payphone Industry, 2017 Market Research Report
The 'Global and Chinese Wireless Payphone Industry, 2012-2022 Market Research Report' is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the global Wireless Payphone industry with a focus on the Chinese market.
The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Wireless Payphone manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry. Firstly, the report provides a basic overview of the industry including its definition, applications and manufacturing technology. Then, the report explores the international and Chinese major industry players in detail.
In this part, the report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, production value, and 2012-2017 market shares for each company. Through the statistical analysis, the report depicts the global and Chinese total market of Wireless Payphone industry including capacity, production, production value, cost/profit, supply/demand and Chinese import/export. The total market is further divided by company, by country, and by application/type for the competitive landscape analysis. The report then estimates 2017-2022 market development trends of Wireless Payphone industry. Analysis of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics is also carried out.
In the end, the report makes some important proposals for a new project of Wireless Payphone Industry before evaluating its feasibility. Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2012-2022 global and Chinese Wireless Payphone industry covering all important parameters.
The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Wireless Payphone manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry. Firstly, the report provides a basic overview of the industry including its definition, applications and manufacturing technology. Then, the report explores the international and Chinese major industry players in detail.
In this part, the report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, production value, and 2012-2017 market shares for each company. Through the statistical analysis, the report depicts the global and Chinese total market of Wireless Payphone industry including capacity, production, production value, cost/profit, supply/demand and Chinese import/export. The total market is further divided by company, by country, and by application/type for the competitive landscape analysis. The report then estimates 2017-2022 market development trends of Wireless Payphone industry. Analysis of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics is also carried out.
In the end, the report makes some important proposals for a new project of Wireless Payphone Industry before evaluating its feasibility. Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2012-2022 global and Chinese Wireless Payphone industry covering all important parameters.
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION OF WIRELESS PAYPHONE INDUSTRY
1.1 Brief Introduction of Wireless Payphone
1.2 Development of Wireless Payphone Industry
1.3 Status of Wireless Payphone Industry
CHAPTER TWO MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY OF WIRELESS PAYPHONE
2.1 Development of Wireless Payphone Manufacturing Technology
2.2 Analysis of Wireless Payphone Manufacturing Technology
2.3 Trends of Wireless Payphone Manufacturing Technology
CHAPTER THREE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL KEY MANUFACTURERS
3.1
3.1.1 Company Profile
3.1.2 Product Information
3.1.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.1.4 Contact Information
3.2
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.2.2 Product Information
3.2.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.2.4 Contact Information
3.3
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.3.2 Product Information
3.3.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.3.4 Contact Information
3.4
3.4.1 Company Profile
3.4.2 Product Information
3.4.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.4.4 Contact Information
3.5
3.5.1 Company Profile
3.5.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.5.4 Contact Information
3.6
3.6.1 Company Profile
3.6.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.6.4 Contact Information
3.7
3.7.1 Company Profile
3.7.2 Product Information
3.7.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.7.4 Contact Information
3.8
3.8.1 Company Profile
3.8.2 Product Information
3.8.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.8.4 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOUR 2012-2017 GLOBAL AND CHINESE MARKET OF WIRELESS PAYPHONE
4.1 2012-2017 Global Capacity, Production and Production Value of Wireless Payphone Industry
4.2 2012-2017 Global Cost and Profit of Wireless Payphone Industry
4.3 Market Comparison of Global and Chinese Wireless Payphone Industry
4.4 2012-2017 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Wireless Payphone
4.5 2012-2017 Chinese Import and Export of Wireless Payphone
CHAPTER FIVE MARKET STATUS OF WIRELESS PAYPHONE INDUSTRY
5.1 Market Competition of Wireless Payphone Industry by Company
5.2 Market Competition of Wireless Payphone Industry by Country (USA, EU, Japan, Chinese etc.)
5.3 Market Analysis of Wireless Payphone Consumption by Application/Type
CHAPTER SIX 2017-2022 MARKET FORECAST OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE WIRELESS PAYPHONE INDUSTRY
6.1 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Capacity, Production, and Production Value of Wireless Payphone
6.2 2017-2022 Wireless Payphone Industry Cost and Profit Estimation
6.3 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Market Share of Wireless Payphone
6.4 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Wireless Payphone
6.5 2017-2022 Chinese Import and Export of Wireless Payphone
CHAPTER SEVEN ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS PAYPHONE INDUSTRY CHAIN
7.1 Industry Chain Structure
7.2 Upstream Raw Materials
7.3 Downstream Industry
CHAPTER EIGHT GLOBAL AND CHINESE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON WIRELESS PAYPHONE INDUSTRY
8.1 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
8.1.1 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
8.1.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Analysis
8.2 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend
8.2.1 Global Macroeconomic Outlook
8.2.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Outlook
8.3 Effects to Wireless Payphone Industry
CHAPTER NINE MARKET DYNAMICS OF WIRELESS PAYPHONE INDUSTRY
9.1 Wireless Payphone Industry News
9.2 Wireless Payphone Industry Development Challenges
9.3 Wireless Payphone Industry Development Opportunities
CHAPTER TEN PROPOSALS FOR NEW PROJECT
10.1 Market Entry Strategies
10.2 Countermeasures of Economic Impact
10.3 Marketing Channels
10.4 Feasibility Studies of New Project Investment
CHAPTER ELEVEN RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE WIRELESS PAYPHONE INDUSTRY
1.1 Brief Introduction of Wireless Payphone
1.2 Development of Wireless Payphone Industry
1.3 Status of Wireless Payphone Industry
CHAPTER TWO MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY OF WIRELESS PAYPHONE
2.1 Development of Wireless Payphone Manufacturing Technology
2.2 Analysis of Wireless Payphone Manufacturing Technology
2.3 Trends of Wireless Payphone Manufacturing Technology
CHAPTER THREE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL KEY MANUFACTURERS
3.1
3.1.1 Company Profile
3.1.2 Product Information
3.1.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.1.4 Contact Information
3.2
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.2.2 Product Information
3.2.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.2.4 Contact Information
3.3
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.3.2 Product Information
3.3.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.3.4 Contact Information
3.4
3.4.1 Company Profile
3.4.2 Product Information
3.4.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.4.4 Contact Information
3.5
3.5.1 Company Profile
3.5.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.5.4 Contact Information
3.6
3.6.1 Company Profile
3.6.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.6.4 Contact Information
3.7
3.7.1 Company Profile
3.7.2 Product Information
3.7.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.7.4 Contact Information
3.8
3.8.1 Company Profile
3.8.2 Product Information
3.8.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.8.4 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOUR 2012-2017 GLOBAL AND CHINESE MARKET OF WIRELESS PAYPHONE
4.1 2012-2017 Global Capacity, Production and Production Value of Wireless Payphone Industry
4.2 2012-2017 Global Cost and Profit of Wireless Payphone Industry
4.3 Market Comparison of Global and Chinese Wireless Payphone Industry
4.4 2012-2017 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Wireless Payphone
4.5 2012-2017 Chinese Import and Export of Wireless Payphone
CHAPTER FIVE MARKET STATUS OF WIRELESS PAYPHONE INDUSTRY
5.1 Market Competition of Wireless Payphone Industry by Company
5.2 Market Competition of Wireless Payphone Industry by Country (USA, EU, Japan, Chinese etc.)
5.3 Market Analysis of Wireless Payphone Consumption by Application/Type
CHAPTER SIX 2017-2022 MARKET FORECAST OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE WIRELESS PAYPHONE INDUSTRY
6.1 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Capacity, Production, and Production Value of Wireless Payphone
6.2 2017-2022 Wireless Payphone Industry Cost and Profit Estimation
6.3 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Market Share of Wireless Payphone
6.4 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Wireless Payphone
6.5 2017-2022 Chinese Import and Export of Wireless Payphone
CHAPTER SEVEN ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS PAYPHONE INDUSTRY CHAIN
7.1 Industry Chain Structure
7.2 Upstream Raw Materials
7.3 Downstream Industry
CHAPTER EIGHT GLOBAL AND CHINESE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON WIRELESS PAYPHONE INDUSTRY
8.1 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
8.1.1 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
8.1.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Analysis
8.2 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend
8.2.1 Global Macroeconomic Outlook
8.2.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Outlook
8.3 Effects to Wireless Payphone Industry
CHAPTER NINE MARKET DYNAMICS OF WIRELESS PAYPHONE INDUSTRY
9.1 Wireless Payphone Industry News
9.2 Wireless Payphone Industry Development Challenges
9.3 Wireless Payphone Industry Development Opportunities
CHAPTER TEN PROPOSALS FOR NEW PROJECT
10.1 Market Entry Strategies
10.2 Countermeasures of Economic Impact
10.3 Marketing Channels
10.4 Feasibility Studies of New Project Investment
CHAPTER ELEVEN RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE WIRELESS PAYPHONE INDUSTRY
TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure Wireless Payphone Product Picture
Table Development of Wireless Payphone Manufacturing Technology
Figure Manufacturing Process of Wireless Payphone
Table Trends of Wireless Payphone Manufacturing Technology
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Capacity List
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Capacity Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Manufacturers Capacity Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Production List
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Production Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Manufacturers Production Share
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Production Value Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Manufacturers Production Value Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Share of Global Wireless Payphone Production
Table 2012-2017 Global Supply and Consumption of Wireless Payphone
Table 2012-2017 Import and Export of Wireless Payphone
Figure 2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Capacity Market Share
Figure 2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Production Market Share
Figure 2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Production Value Market Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Capacity List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Capacity
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Capacity Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Capacity Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Production List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Production
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Production Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Production Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Consumption Volume List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Consumption Volume
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Consumption Volume Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Consumption Volume Share
Figure 78 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Consumption Volume Market by Application
Table 89 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Consumption Volume Market Share List by Application
Figure 79 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Consumption Volume Market Share by Application
Table 90 2012-2017 Chinese Wireless Payphone Consumption Volume Market List by Application
Figure 80 2012-2017 Chinese Wireless Payphone Consumption Volume Market by Application
Figure 2017-2022 Global Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Global Wireless Payphone Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Global Wireless Payphone Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese Share of Global Wireless Payphone Production
Table 2017-2022 Global Supply and Consumption of Wireless Payphone
Table 2017-2022 Import and Export of Wireless Payphone
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Wireless Payphone Industry
Figure Production Cost Analysis of Wireless Payphone
Figure Downstream Analysis of Wireless Payphone
Table Growth of World output, 2012 – 2017, Annual Percentage Change
Figure Unemployment Rates in Selected Developed Countries, January 2008 – March 201560
Figure Nominal Effective Exchange Rate: Japan and Selected Emerging Economies, September 2012-March 2015
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese CPI Changes
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese PMI Changes
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Financial Revenue and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Total Fixed Asset Investment and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese CPI Changes
Table Economic Effects to Wireless Payphone Industry
Table Wireless Payphone Industry Development Challenges
Table Wireless Payphone Industry Development Opportunities
Figure Map of Chinese's 33 Provinces and Administrative Regions
Table Selected Cities According to Industrial Orientation
Figure Chinese IPR Strategy
Table Brief Summary of Suggestions
Table New Wireless Payphones Project Feasibility Study
Figure Wireless Payphone Product Picture
Table Development of Wireless Payphone Manufacturing Technology
Figure Manufacturing Process of Wireless Payphone
Table Trends of Wireless Payphone Manufacturing Technology
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Figure Wireless Payphone Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wireless Payphone Production Global Market Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Capacity List
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Capacity Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Manufacturers Capacity Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Production List
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Production Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Manufacturers Production Share
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Production Value Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Manufacturers Production Value Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Share of Global Wireless Payphone Production
Table 2012-2017 Global Supply and Consumption of Wireless Payphone
Table 2012-2017 Import and Export of Wireless Payphone
Figure 2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Capacity Market Share
Figure 2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Production Market Share
Figure 2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Manufacturers Production Value Market Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Capacity List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Capacity
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Capacity Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Capacity Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Production List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Production
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Production Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Production Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Consumption Volume List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Consumption Volume
Table 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Consumption Volume Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Key Countries Consumption Volume Share
Figure 78 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Consumption Volume Market by Application
Table 89 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Consumption Volume Market Share List by Application
Figure 79 2012-2017 Global Wireless Payphone Consumption Volume Market Share by Application
Table 90 2012-2017 Chinese Wireless Payphone Consumption Volume Market List by Application
Figure 80 2012-2017 Chinese Wireless Payphone Consumption Volume Market by Application
Figure 2017-2022 Global Wireless Payphone Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Global Wireless Payphone Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Global Wireless Payphone Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese Share of Global Wireless Payphone Production
Table 2017-2022 Global Supply and Consumption of Wireless Payphone
Table 2017-2022 Import and Export of Wireless Payphone
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Wireless Payphone Industry
Figure Production Cost Analysis of Wireless Payphone
Figure Downstream Analysis of Wireless Payphone
Table Growth of World output, 2012 – 2017, Annual Percentage Change
Figure Unemployment Rates in Selected Developed Countries, January 2008 – March 201560
Figure Nominal Effective Exchange Rate: Japan and Selected Emerging Economies, September 2012-March 2015
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese CPI Changes
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese PMI Changes
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Financial Revenue and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Total Fixed Asset Investment and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese CPI Changes
Table Economic Effects to Wireless Payphone Industry
Table Wireless Payphone Industry Development Challenges
Table Wireless Payphone Industry Development Opportunities
Figure Map of Chinese's 33 Provinces and Administrative Regions
Table Selected Cities According to Industrial Orientation
Figure Chinese IPR Strategy
Table Brief Summary of Suggestions
Table New Wireless Payphones Project Feasibility Study
