Global and Chinese Rhodium Black Industry, 2016 Market Research Report
The 'Global and Chinese Rhodium Black Industry, 2011-2021 Market Research Report' is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the global Rhodium Black industry with a focus on the Chinese market.
The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Rhodium Black manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry.Firstly, the report provides a basic overview of the industry including its definition, applications and manufacturing technology.
Then, the report explores the international and Chinese major industry players in detail. In this part, the report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, production value, and 2011-2016 market shares for each company. Through the statistical analysis, the report depicts the global and Chinese total market of Rhodium Black industry including capacity, production, production value, cost/profit, supply/demand and Chinese import/export.
The total market is further divided by company, by country, and by application/type for the competitive landscape analysis. The report then estimates 2016-2021 market development trends of Rhodium Black industry. Analysis of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics is also carried out. In the end, the report makes some important proposals for a new project of Rhodium Black Industry before evaluating its feasibility.
Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2011-2021 global and Chinese Rhodium Black industry covering all important parameters.
The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Rhodium Black manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry.Firstly, the report provides a basic overview of the industry including its definition, applications and manufacturing technology.
Then, the report explores the international and Chinese major industry players in detail. In this part, the report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, production value, and 2011-2016 market shares for each company. Through the statistical analysis, the report depicts the global and Chinese total market of Rhodium Black industry including capacity, production, production value, cost/profit, supply/demand and Chinese import/export.
The total market is further divided by company, by country, and by application/type for the competitive landscape analysis. The report then estimates 2016-2021 market development trends of Rhodium Black industry. Analysis of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics is also carried out. In the end, the report makes some important proposals for a new project of Rhodium Black Industry before evaluating its feasibility.
Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2011-2021 global and Chinese Rhodium Black industry covering all important parameters.
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION OF RHODIUM BLACK INDUSTRY
1.1 Brief Introduction of Rhodium Black
1.2 Development of Rhodium Black Industry
1.3 Status of Rhodium Black Industry
CHAPTER TWO MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY OF RHODIUM BLACK
2.1 Development of Rhodium Black Manufacturing Technology
2.2 Analysis of Rhodium Black Manufacturing Technology
2.3 Trends of Rhodium Black Manufacturing Technology
CHAPTER THREE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL KEY MANUFACTURERS
3.1 Company A
3.1.1 Company Profile
3.1.2 Product Information
3.1.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.1.4 Contact Information
3.2 Company B
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.2.2 Product Information
3.2.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.2.4 Contact Information
3.3 Company C
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.3.2 Product Information
3.3.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.3.4 Contact Information
3.4 Company D
3.4.1 Company Profile
3.4.2 Product Information
3.4.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.4.4 Contact Information
3.5 Company E
3.5.1 Company Profile
3.5.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.5.4 Contact Information
3.6 Company F
3.6.1 Company Profile
3.6.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.6.4 Contact Information
3.7 Company G
3.7.1 Company Profile
3.7.2 Product Information
3.7.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.7.4 Contact Information
3.8 Company H
3.8.1 Company Profile
3.8.2 Product Information
3.8.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.8.4 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOUR 2011-2016 GLOBAL AND CHINESE MARKET OF RHODIUM BLACK
4.1 2011-2016 Global Capacity, Production and Production Value of Rhodium Black Industry
4.2 2011-2016 Global Cost and Profit of Rhodium Black Industry
4.3 Market Comparison of Global and Chinese Rhodium Black Industry
4.4 2011-2016 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Rhodium Black
4.5 2011-2016 Chinese Import and Export of Rhodium Black
CHAPTER FIVE MARKET STATUS OF RHODIUM BLACK INDUSTRY
5.1 Market Competition of Rhodium Black Industry by Company
5.2 Market Competition of Rhodium Black Industry by Country (USA, EU, Japan, Chinese etc.)
5.3 Market Analysis of Rhodium Black Consumption by Application/Type
CHAPTER SIX 2016-2021 MARKET FORECAST OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE RHODIUM BLACK INDUSTRY
6.1 2016-2021 Global and Chinese Capacity, Production, and Production Value of Rhodium Black
6.2 2016-2021 Rhodium Black Industry Cost and Profit Estimation
6.3 2016-2021 Global and Chinese Market Share of Rhodium Black
6.4 2016-2021 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Rhodium Black
6.5 2016-2021 Chinese Import and Export of Rhodium Black
CHAPTER SEVEN ANALYSIS OF RHODIUM BLACK INDUSTRY CHAIN
7.1 Industry Chain Structure
7.2 Upstream Raw Materials
7.3 Downstream Industry
CHAPTER EIGHT GLOBAL AND CHINESE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON RHODIUM BLACK INDUSTRY
8.1 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
8.1.1 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
8.1.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Analysis
8.2 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend
8.2.1 Global Macroeconomic Outlook
8.2.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Outlook
8.3 Effects to Rhodium Black Industry
CHAPTER NINE MARKET DYNAMICS OF RHODIUM BLACK INDUSTRY
9.1 Rhodium Black Industry News
9.2 Rhodium Black Industry Development Challenges
9.3 Rhodium Black Industry Development Opportunities
CHAPTER TEN PROPOSALS FOR NEW PROJECT
10.1 Market Entry Strategies
10.2 Countermeasures of Economic Impact
10.3 Marketing Channels
10.4 Feasibility Studies of New Project Investment
CHAPTER ELEVEN RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE RHODIUM BLACK INDUSTRY
12. TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure Rhodium Black Product Picture
Table Development of Rhodium Black Manufacturing Technology
Figure Manufacturing Process of Rhodium Black
Table Trends of Rhodium Black Manufacturing Technology
Figure Company A Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company A Rhodium Black Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2011-2016 Company A Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company A Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Figure Company B Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company B Rhodium Black Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2011-2016 Company B Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company B Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Figure Company C Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company C Rhodium Black Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2011-2016 Company C Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company C Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Figure Company D Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company D Rhodium Black Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2011-2016 Company D Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company D Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Figure Company E Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company E Rhodium Black Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2011-2016 Company E Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company E Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Figure Company F Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company F Rhodium Black Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2011-2016 Company F Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company F Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Figure Company G Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company G Rhodium Black Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2011-2016 Company G Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company G Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Figure Company H Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company H Rhodium Black Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2011-2016 Company H Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company H Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Capacity List
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Capacity Share List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Manufacturers Capacity Share
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Production List
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Production Share List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Manufacturers Production Share
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Production Value List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Production Value Share List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Manufacturers Production Value Share
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2011-2016 Chinese Share of Global Rhodium Black Production
Table 2011-2016 Global Supply and Consumption of Rhodium Black
Table 2011-2016 Import and Export of Rhodium Black
Figure 2015 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Capacity Market Share
Figure 2015 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Production Market Share
Figure 2015 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Production Value Market Share
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Capacity List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Capacity
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Capacity Share List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Capacity Share
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Production List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Production
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Production Share List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Production Share
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Consumption Volume List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Consumption Volume
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Consumption Volume Share List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Consumption Volume Share
Figure 78 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Consumption Volume Market by Application
Table 89 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Consumption Volume Market Share List by Application
Figure 79 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Consumption Volume Market Share by Application
Table 90 2011-2016 Chinese Rhodium Black Consumption Volume Market List by Application
Figure 80 2011-2016 Chinese Rhodium Black Consumption Volume Market by Application
Figure 2016-2021 Global Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2016-2021 Global Rhodium Black Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2016-2021 Global Rhodium Black Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2016-2021 Chinese Share of Global Rhodium Black Production
Table 2016-2021 Global Supply and Consumption of Rhodium Black
Table 2016-2021 Import and Export of Rhodium Black
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Rhodium Black Industry
Figure Production Cost Analysis of Rhodium Black
Figure Downstream Analysis of Rhodium Black
Table Growth of World output, 2011 – 2016, Annual Percentage Change
Figure Unemployment Rates in Selected Developed Countries, January 2008 – March 201560
Figure Nominal Effective Exchange Rate: Japan and Selected Emerging Economies, September 2012-March 2015
Figure 2008-2016 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2008-2016 Chinese CPI Changes
Figure 2008-2016 Chinese PMI Changes
Figure 2007-2016 Chinese Financial Revenue and Growth Rate
Figure 2007-2016 Chinese Total Fixed Asset Investment and Growth Rate
Figure 2016-2021 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2016-2021 Chinese CPI Changes
Table Economic Effects to Rhodium Black Industry
Table Rhodium Black Industry Development Challenges
Table Rhodium Black Industry Development Opportunities
Figure Map of Chinese's 33 Provinces and Administrative Regions
Table Selected Cities According to Industrial Orientation
Figure Chinese IPR Strategy
Table Brief Summary of Suggestions
Table New Rhodium Blacks Project Feasibility Study
1.1 Brief Introduction of Rhodium Black
1.2 Development of Rhodium Black Industry
1.3 Status of Rhodium Black Industry
CHAPTER TWO MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY OF RHODIUM BLACK
2.1 Development of Rhodium Black Manufacturing Technology
2.2 Analysis of Rhodium Black Manufacturing Technology
2.3 Trends of Rhodium Black Manufacturing Technology
CHAPTER THREE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL KEY MANUFACTURERS
3.1 Company A
3.1.1 Company Profile
3.1.2 Product Information
3.1.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.1.4 Contact Information
3.2 Company B
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.2.2 Product Information
3.2.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.2.4 Contact Information
3.3 Company C
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.3.2 Product Information
3.3.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.3.4 Contact Information
3.4 Company D
3.4.1 Company Profile
3.4.2 Product Information
3.4.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.4.4 Contact Information
3.5 Company E
3.5.1 Company Profile
3.5.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.5.4 Contact Information
3.6 Company F
3.6.1 Company Profile
3.6.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.6.4 Contact Information
3.7 Company G
3.7.1 Company Profile
3.7.2 Product Information
3.7.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.7.4 Contact Information
3.8 Company H
3.8.1 Company Profile
3.8.2 Product Information
3.8.3 2011-2016 Production Information
3.8.4 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOUR 2011-2016 GLOBAL AND CHINESE MARKET OF RHODIUM BLACK
4.1 2011-2016 Global Capacity, Production and Production Value of Rhodium Black Industry
4.2 2011-2016 Global Cost and Profit of Rhodium Black Industry
4.3 Market Comparison of Global and Chinese Rhodium Black Industry
4.4 2011-2016 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Rhodium Black
4.5 2011-2016 Chinese Import and Export of Rhodium Black
CHAPTER FIVE MARKET STATUS OF RHODIUM BLACK INDUSTRY
5.1 Market Competition of Rhodium Black Industry by Company
5.2 Market Competition of Rhodium Black Industry by Country (USA, EU, Japan, Chinese etc.)
5.3 Market Analysis of Rhodium Black Consumption by Application/Type
CHAPTER SIX 2016-2021 MARKET FORECAST OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE RHODIUM BLACK INDUSTRY
6.1 2016-2021 Global and Chinese Capacity, Production, and Production Value of Rhodium Black
6.2 2016-2021 Rhodium Black Industry Cost and Profit Estimation
6.3 2016-2021 Global and Chinese Market Share of Rhodium Black
6.4 2016-2021 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Rhodium Black
6.5 2016-2021 Chinese Import and Export of Rhodium Black
CHAPTER SEVEN ANALYSIS OF RHODIUM BLACK INDUSTRY CHAIN
7.1 Industry Chain Structure
7.2 Upstream Raw Materials
7.3 Downstream Industry
CHAPTER EIGHT GLOBAL AND CHINESE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON RHODIUM BLACK INDUSTRY
8.1 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
8.1.1 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
8.1.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Analysis
8.2 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend
8.2.1 Global Macroeconomic Outlook
8.2.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Outlook
8.3 Effects to Rhodium Black Industry
CHAPTER NINE MARKET DYNAMICS OF RHODIUM BLACK INDUSTRY
9.1 Rhodium Black Industry News
9.2 Rhodium Black Industry Development Challenges
9.3 Rhodium Black Industry Development Opportunities
CHAPTER TEN PROPOSALS FOR NEW PROJECT
10.1 Market Entry Strategies
10.2 Countermeasures of Economic Impact
10.3 Marketing Channels
10.4 Feasibility Studies of New Project Investment
CHAPTER ELEVEN RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE RHODIUM BLACK INDUSTRY
12. TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure Rhodium Black Product Picture
Table Development of Rhodium Black Manufacturing Technology
Figure Manufacturing Process of Rhodium Black
Table Trends of Rhodium Black Manufacturing Technology
Figure Company A Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company A Rhodium Black Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2011-2016 Company A Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company A Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Figure Company B Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company B Rhodium Black Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2011-2016 Company B Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company B Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Figure Company C Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company C Rhodium Black Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2011-2016 Company C Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company C Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Figure Company D Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company D Rhodium Black Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2011-2016 Company D Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company D Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Figure Company E Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company E Rhodium Black Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2011-2016 Company E Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company E Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Figure Company F Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company F Rhodium Black Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2011-2016 Company F Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company F Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Figure Company G Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company G Rhodium Black Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2011-2016 Company G Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company G Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Figure Company H Rhodium Black Product and Specifications
Table 2011-2016 Company H Rhodium Black Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2011-2016 Company H Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2011-2016 Company H Rhodium Black Production Global Market Share
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Capacity List
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Capacity Share List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Manufacturers Capacity Share
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Production List
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Production Share List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Manufacturers Production Share
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Production Value List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Production Value Share List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Manufacturers Production Value Share
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2011-2016 Chinese Share of Global Rhodium Black Production
Table 2011-2016 Global Supply and Consumption of Rhodium Black
Table 2011-2016 Import and Export of Rhodium Black
Figure 2015 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Capacity Market Share
Figure 2015 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Production Market Share
Figure 2015 Global Rhodium Black Key Manufacturers Production Value Market Share
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Capacity List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Capacity
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Capacity Share List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Capacity Share
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Production List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Production
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Production Share List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Production Share
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Consumption Volume List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Consumption Volume
Table 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Consumption Volume Share List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Key Countries Consumption Volume Share
Figure 78 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Consumption Volume Market by Application
Table 89 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Consumption Volume Market Share List by Application
Figure 79 2011-2016 Global Rhodium Black Consumption Volume Market Share by Application
Table 90 2011-2016 Chinese Rhodium Black Consumption Volume Market List by Application
Figure 80 2011-2016 Chinese Rhodium Black Consumption Volume Market by Application
Figure 2016-2021 Global Rhodium Black Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2016-2021 Global Rhodium Black Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2016-2021 Global Rhodium Black Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2016-2021 Chinese Share of Global Rhodium Black Production
Table 2016-2021 Global Supply and Consumption of Rhodium Black
Table 2016-2021 Import and Export of Rhodium Black
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Rhodium Black Industry
Figure Production Cost Analysis of Rhodium Black
Figure Downstream Analysis of Rhodium Black
Table Growth of World output, 2011 – 2016, Annual Percentage Change
Figure Unemployment Rates in Selected Developed Countries, January 2008 – March 201560
Figure Nominal Effective Exchange Rate: Japan and Selected Emerging Economies, September 2012-March 2015
Figure 2008-2016 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2008-2016 Chinese CPI Changes
Figure 2008-2016 Chinese PMI Changes
Figure 2007-2016 Chinese Financial Revenue and Growth Rate
Figure 2007-2016 Chinese Total Fixed Asset Investment and Growth Rate
Figure 2016-2021 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2016-2021 Chinese CPI Changes
Table Economic Effects to Rhodium Black Industry
Table Rhodium Black Industry Development Challenges
Table Rhodium Black Industry Development Opportunities
Figure Map of Chinese's 33 Provinces and Administrative Regions
Table Selected Cities According to Industrial Orientation
Figure Chinese IPR Strategy
Table Brief Summary of Suggestions
Table New Rhodium Blacks Project Feasibility Study
