Global Intermediate Shafts Market Research Report 2020-2024
Intermediate shafts are made of supported bearings which helps transmit torque from one place to another. In the context of China-US trade war and COVID-19 epidemic, it will have a big influence on this market. Intermediate Shafts Report by Material, Application, and Geography – Global Forecast to 2023 is a professional and comprehensive research report on the world’s major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China).
In this report, the global Intermediate Shafts market is valued at USD XX million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2024, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2020 to 2024.
The report firstly introduced the Intermediate Shafts basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
Nexteer
NSK
Allena
Wrtsil
Mubea
Dorman Products
GMB
Rane
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
Slidable
Collapsible
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Intermediate Shafts for each application, including-
Passenger Vehicle
Commercial Vehicle
In this report, the global Intermediate Shafts market is valued at USD XX million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2024, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2020 to 2024.
The report firstly introduced the Intermediate Shafts basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
Nexteer
NSK
Allena
Wrtsil
Mubea
Dorman Products
GMB
Rane
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
Slidable
Collapsible
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Intermediate Shafts for each application, including-
Passenger Vehicle
Commercial Vehicle
PART I INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
CHAPTER ONE INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Intermediate Shafts Definition
1.2 Intermediate Shafts Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Intermediate Shafts Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Intermediate Shafts Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Intermediate Shafts Application Analysis
1.3.1 Intermediate Shafts Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Intermediate Shafts Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Intermediate Shafts Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Intermediate Shafts Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Intermediate Shafts Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Intermediate Shafts Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Intermediate Shafts Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Intermediate Shafts Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Intermediate Shafts Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Intermediate Shafts Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Intermediate Shafts Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Intermediate Shafts Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Intermediate Shafts Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Intermediate Shafts Product Development History
3.2 Asia Intermediate Shafts Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Intermediate Shafts Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2015-2020 ASIA INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
4.2 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
4.4 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
4.6 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
6.2 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
6.4 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
6.6 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Intermediate Shafts Product Development History
7.2 North American Intermediate Shafts Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Intermediate Shafts Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2015-2020 NORTH AMERICAN INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
8.2 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
8.4 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
8.6 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
10.2 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
10.4 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
10.6 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Intermediate Shafts Product Development History
11.2 Europe Intermediate Shafts Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Intermediate Shafts Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2015-2020 EUROPE INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
12.2 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
12.4 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
12.6 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
14.2 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
14.4 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
14.6 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Intermediate Shafts Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Intermediate Shafts Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Intermediate Shafts Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Intermediate Shafts Market Analysis
17.2 Intermediate Shafts Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Intermediate Shafts New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2015-2020 GLOBAL INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
18.2 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
18.4 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
18.6 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
19.2 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
19.4 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
19.6 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER ONE INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Intermediate Shafts Definition
1.2 Intermediate Shafts Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Intermediate Shafts Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Intermediate Shafts Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Intermediate Shafts Application Analysis
1.3.1 Intermediate Shafts Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Intermediate Shafts Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Intermediate Shafts Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Intermediate Shafts Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Intermediate Shafts Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Intermediate Shafts Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Intermediate Shafts Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Intermediate Shafts Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Intermediate Shafts Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Intermediate Shafts Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Intermediate Shafts Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Intermediate Shafts Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Intermediate Shafts Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Intermediate Shafts Product Development History
3.2 Asia Intermediate Shafts Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Intermediate Shafts Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2015-2020 ASIA INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
4.2 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
4.4 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
4.6 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
6.2 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
6.4 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
6.6 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Intermediate Shafts Product Development History
7.2 North American Intermediate Shafts Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Intermediate Shafts Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2015-2020 NORTH AMERICAN INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
8.2 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
8.4 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
8.6 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
10.2 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
10.4 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
10.6 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Intermediate Shafts Product Development History
11.2 Europe Intermediate Shafts Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Intermediate Shafts Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2015-2020 EUROPE INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
12.2 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
12.4 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
12.6 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
14.2 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
14.4 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
14.6 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Intermediate Shafts Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Intermediate Shafts Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Intermediate Shafts Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Intermediate Shafts Market Analysis
17.2 Intermediate Shafts Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Intermediate Shafts New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2015-2020 GLOBAL INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
18.2 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
18.4 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
18.6 2015-2020 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Overview
19.2 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Demand Overview
19.4 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Import Export Consumption
19.6 2020-2024 Intermediate Shafts Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL INTERMEDIATE SHAFTS INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
