Global Chemical Air Filters Market Research Report 2023-2027
In the context of China-US trade war and COVID-19 epidemic, it will have a big influence on this market. Chemical Air Filters Report by Material, Application, and Geography – Global Forecast to 2023 is a professional and comprehensive research report on the world’s major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China).
In this report, the global Chemical Air Filters market is valued at USD XX million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2027, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2023 to 2027.
The report firstly introduced the Chemical Air Filters basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
DENSO
Mann-Hummel
Sogefi
Freudenberg
TOYOTA BOSHOKU
MAHLE
Parker Hannifin
Donaldson
Bosch
Camfil
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
General Type
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Chemical Air Filters for each application, including-
Automotive
Industrial
Residential
In this report, the global Chemical Air Filters market is valued at USD XX million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2027, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2023 to 2027.
The report firstly introduced the Chemical Air Filters basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
DENSO
Mann-Hummel
Sogefi
Freudenberg
TOYOTA BOSHOKU
MAHLE
Parker Hannifin
Donaldson
Bosch
Camfil
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
General Type
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Chemical Air Filters for each application, including-
Automotive
Industrial
Residential
PART I CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
CHAPTER ONE CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Chemical Air Filters Definition
1.2 Chemical Air Filters Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Chemical Air Filters Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Chemical Air Filters Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Chemical Air Filters Application Analysis
1.3.1 Chemical Air Filters Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Chemical Air Filters Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Chemical Air Filters Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Chemical Air Filters Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Chemical Air Filters Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Chemical Air Filters Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Chemical Air Filters Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Chemical Air Filters Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Chemical Air Filters Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Chemical Air Filters Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Chemical Air Filters Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Chemical Air Filters Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Chemical Air Filters Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Chemical Air Filters Product Development History
3.2 Asia Chemical Air Filters Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Chemical Air Filters Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2018-2023 ASIA CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
4.2 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
4.4 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
4.6 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
6.2 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
6.4 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
6.6 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Chemical Air Filters Product Development History
7.2 North American Chemical Air Filters Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Chemical Air Filters Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2018-2023 NORTH AMERICAN CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
8.2 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
8.4 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
8.6 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
10.2 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
10.4 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
10.6 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Chemical Air Filters Product Development History
11.2 Europe Chemical Air Filters Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Chemical Air Filters Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2018-2023 EUROPE CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
12.2 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
12.4 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
12.6 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
14.2 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
14.4 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
14.6 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Chemical Air Filters Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Chemical Air Filters Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Chemical Air Filters Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Chemical Air Filters Market Analysis
17.2 Chemical Air Filters Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Chemical Air Filters New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2018-2023 GLOBAL CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
18.2 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
18.4 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
18.6 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
19.2 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
19.4 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
19.6 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER ONE CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Chemical Air Filters Definition
1.2 Chemical Air Filters Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Chemical Air Filters Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Chemical Air Filters Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Chemical Air Filters Application Analysis
1.3.1 Chemical Air Filters Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Chemical Air Filters Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Chemical Air Filters Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Chemical Air Filters Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Chemical Air Filters Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Chemical Air Filters Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Chemical Air Filters Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Chemical Air Filters Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Chemical Air Filters Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Chemical Air Filters Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Chemical Air Filters Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Chemical Air Filters Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Chemical Air Filters Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Chemical Air Filters Product Development History
3.2 Asia Chemical Air Filters Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Chemical Air Filters Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2018-2023 ASIA CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
4.2 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
4.4 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
4.6 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
6.2 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
6.4 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
6.6 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Chemical Air Filters Product Development History
7.2 North American Chemical Air Filters Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Chemical Air Filters Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2018-2023 NORTH AMERICAN CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
8.2 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
8.4 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
8.6 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
10.2 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
10.4 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
10.6 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Chemical Air Filters Product Development History
11.2 Europe Chemical Air Filters Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Chemical Air Filters Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2018-2023 EUROPE CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
12.2 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
12.4 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
12.6 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
14.2 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
14.4 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
14.6 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Chemical Air Filters Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Chemical Air Filters Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Chemical Air Filters Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Chemical Air Filters Market Analysis
17.2 Chemical Air Filters Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Chemical Air Filters New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2018-2023 GLOBAL CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
18.2 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
18.4 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
18.6 2018-2023 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Overview
19.2 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Demand Overview
19.4 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Import Export Consumption
19.6 2023-2027 Chemical Air Filters Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL CHEMICAL AIR FILTERS INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS