Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2016-2026
Report Summary
Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2016-2026 offers a comprehensive analysis on Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Regional Market Size of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles 2016-2021, and development forecast 2022-2026
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles worldwide, with company and product introduction, position in the Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles market
Market status and development trend of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challengesSince the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost 100 countries around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency.The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Ammonium Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles market in 2020.COVID-19 can affect the global economy in three main ways: by directly affecting production and demand, by creating supply chain and market disruption, and by its financial impact on firms and financial markets.The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.This report also analyses the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles industry.
The report segments the global Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles market as:
Global Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2016-2026):
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Rest APAC
Latin America
Global Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2016-2026):
BEV
PHEV
Global Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2016-2026; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
HomeUse
CommercialUse
Global Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Tesla
SAIC
Volkswagen
BMW
BYD
Hyundai&Kia
Mercedes-Benz
Renault
VOLVO
GACMotor
PSA
GEELY
Nissan
GreatWallMotors
TOYOTA
JAC
Chery
Mitsubishi
BAIC
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2016-2026 offers a comprehensive analysis on Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Regional Market Size of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles 2016-2021, and development forecast 2022-2026
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles worldwide, with company and product introduction, position in the Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles market
Market status and development trend of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challengesSince the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost 100 countries around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency.The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Ammonium Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles market in 2020.COVID-19 can affect the global economy in three main ways: by directly affecting production and demand, by creating supply chain and market disruption, and by its financial impact on firms and financial markets.The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.This report also analyses the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles industry.
The report segments the global Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles market as:
Global Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2016-2026):
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Rest APAC
Latin America
Global Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2016-2026):
BEV
PHEV
Global Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2016-2026; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
HomeUse
CommercialUse
Global Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Tesla
SAIC
Volkswagen
BMW
BYD
Hyundai&Kia
Mercedes-Benz
Renault
VOLVO
GACMotor
PSA
GEELY
Nissan
GreatWallMotors
TOYOTA
JAC
Chery
Mitsubishi
BAIC
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES
1.1 Definition of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
1.2.1 BEV
1.2.2 PHEV
1.3 Downstream Application of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
1.3.1 HomeUse
1.3.2 CommercialUse
1.4 Development History of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles 2016-2026
1.5.1 Global Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
1.5.2 Regional Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles 2016-2021
2.2 Production Market of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Regions
2.2.1 Production Volume of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Regions
2.2.2 Production Value of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Regions
2.3 Demand Market of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Regions
2.4 Production and Demand Status of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Regions
2.4.1 Production and Demand Status of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Regions 2016-2021
2.4.2 Import and Export Status of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Regions 2016-2021
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Production Volume of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Types
3.2 Production Value of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Downstream Industry
4.2 Market Forecast of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES
5.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
6.1 Production Volume of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Major Manufacturers
6.2 Production Value of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Major Manufacturers
6.3 Basic Information of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Major Manufacturers
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Major Manufacturer
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Major Manufacturer
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Tesla
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.1.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Tesla
7.2 SAIC
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.2.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of SAIC
7.3 Volkswagen
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.3.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Volkswagen
7.4 BMW
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.4.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BMW
7.5 BYD
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.5.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BYD
7.6 Hyundai&Kia
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.6.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Hyundai&Kia
7.7 Mercedes-Benz
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.7.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Mercedes-Benz
7.8 Renault
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.8.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Renault
7.9 VOLVO
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.9.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of VOLVO
7.10 GACMotor
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.10.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GACMotor
7.11 PSA
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.11.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of PSA
7.12 GEELY
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.12.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GEELY
7.13 Nissan
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.13.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nissan
7.14 GreatWallMotors
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.14.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GreatWallMotors
7.15 TOYOTA
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.15.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of TOYOTA
7.16 JAC
7.17 Chery
7.18 Mitsubishi
7.19 BAIC
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES
8.1 Industry Chain of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
1.2.1 BEV
1.2.2 PHEV
1.3 Downstream Application of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
1.3.1 HomeUse
1.3.2 CommercialUse
1.4 Development History of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles 2016-2026
1.5.1 Global Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
1.5.2 Regional Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles 2016-2021
2.2 Production Market of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Regions
2.2.1 Production Volume of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Regions
2.2.2 Production Value of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Regions
2.3 Demand Market of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Regions
2.4 Production and Demand Status of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Regions
2.4.1 Production and Demand Status of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Regions 2016-2021
2.4.2 Import and Export Status of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Regions 2016-2021
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Production Volume of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Types
3.2 Production Value of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Downstream Industry
4.2 Market Forecast of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES
5.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
6.1 Production Volume of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Major Manufacturers
6.2 Production Value of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Major Manufacturers
6.3 Basic Information of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles by Major Manufacturers
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Major Manufacturer
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Major Manufacturer
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Tesla
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.1.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Tesla
7.2 SAIC
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.2.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of SAIC
7.3 Volkswagen
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.3.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Volkswagen
7.4 BMW
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.4.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BMW
7.5 BYD
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.5.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BYD
7.6 Hyundai&Kia
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.6.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Hyundai&Kia
7.7 Mercedes-Benz
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.7.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Mercedes-Benz
7.8 Renault
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.8.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Renault
7.9 VOLVO
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.9.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of VOLVO
7.10 GACMotor
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.10.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GACMotor
7.11 PSA
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.11.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of PSA
7.12 GEELY
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.12.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GEELY
7.13 Nissan
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.13.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nissan
7.14 GreatWallMotors
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.14.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GreatWallMotors
7.15 TOYOTA
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Product
7.15.3 Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of TOYOTA
7.16 JAC
7.17 Chery
7.18 Mitsubishi
7.19 BAIC
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES
8.1 Industry Chain of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
