Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole Europe and Regional Market Size of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe, with company and product introduction, position in the Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator market
Market status and development trend of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the Europe Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator market as:
Europe Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Spain
Benelux
Russia
Europe Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Electronic Control
Manual Control
Europe Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Laboratory Research
Clinic
Other
Europe Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Panasonic Biomedical
Sheldon Manufacturing
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Memmert
BINDER
Bellco Glass
BMT USA
CARON
CSK Scientific
Eppendorf
ESCO Global
Heal force
Labocon
N-BIOTEK
NuAire
VWR
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole Europe and Regional Market Size of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe, with company and product introduction, position in the Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator market
Market status and development trend of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the Europe Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator market as:
Europe Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Spain
Benelux
Russia
Europe Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Electronic Control
Manual Control
Europe Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Laboratory Research
Clinic
Other
Europe Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Panasonic Biomedical
Sheldon Manufacturing
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Memmert
BINDER
Bellco Glass
BMT USA
CARON
CSK Scientific
Eppendorf
ESCO Global
Heal force
Labocon
N-BIOTEK
NuAire
VWR
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF AIR JACKETED CO2 INCUBATOR
1.1 Definition of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
1.2.1 Electronic Control
1.2.2 Manual Control
1.3 Downstream Application of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
1.3.1 Laboratory Research
1.3.2 Clinic
1.3.3 Other
1.4 Development History of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator 2013-2023
1.5.1 Europe Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Germany 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in United Kingdom 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in France 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Italy 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Spain 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Benelux 2013-2017
2.3.7 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Russia 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole Europe Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Types
3.2 Europe Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in Germany
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in United Kingdom
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in France
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Italy
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Spain
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Benelux
3.2.7 Market Status by Types in Russia
3.3 Market Forecast of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Types
CHAPTER 4 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in Germany
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in United Kingdom
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in France
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in Italy
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in Spain
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in Benelux
4.2.7 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in Russia
4.3 Market Forecast of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF AIR JACKETED CO2 INCUBATOR
5.1 Europe Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 AIR JACKETED CO2 INCUBATOR MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN EUROPE
6.1 Sales Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 AIR JACKETED CO2 INCUBATOR MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Panasonic Biomedical
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.1.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Panasonic Biomedical
7.2 Sheldon Manufacturing
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.2.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sheldon Manufacturing
7.3 Thermo Fisher Scientific
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.3.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Thermo Fisher Scientific
7.4 Memmert
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.4.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Memmert
7.5 BINDER
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.5.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BINDER
7.6 Bellco Glass
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.6.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bellco Glass
7.7 BMT USA
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.7.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BMT USA
7.8 CARON
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.8.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of CARON
7.9 CSK Scientific
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.9.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of CSK Scientific
7.10 Eppendorf
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.10.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Eppendorf
7.11 ESCO Global
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.11.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ESCO Global
7.12 Heal force
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.12.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Heal force
7.13 Labocon
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.13.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Labocon
7.14 N-BIOTEK
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.14.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of N-BIOTEK
7.15 NuAire
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.15.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of NuAire
7.16 VWR
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF AIR JACKETED CO2 INCUBATOR
8.1 Industry Chain of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF AIR JACKETED CO2 INCUBATOR
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF AIR JACKETED CO2 INCUBATOR
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
1.2.1 Electronic Control
1.2.2 Manual Control
1.3 Downstream Application of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
1.3.1 Laboratory Research
1.3.2 Clinic
1.3.3 Other
1.4 Development History of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator 2013-2023
1.5.1 Europe Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Germany 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in United Kingdom 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in France 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Italy 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Spain 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Benelux 2013-2017
2.3.7 Market Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Russia 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole Europe Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Types
3.2 Europe Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in Germany
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in United Kingdom
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in France
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Italy
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Spain
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Benelux
3.2.7 Market Status by Types in Russia
3.3 Market Forecast of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Types
CHAPTER 4 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in Germany
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in United Kingdom
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in France
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in Italy
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in Spain
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in Benelux
4.2.7 Demand Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Downstream Industry in Russia
4.3 Market Forecast of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF AIR JACKETED CO2 INCUBATOR
5.1 Europe Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 AIR JACKETED CO2 INCUBATOR MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN EUROPE
6.1 Sales Volume of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator in Europe by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 AIR JACKETED CO2 INCUBATOR MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Panasonic Biomedical
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.1.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Panasonic Biomedical
7.2 Sheldon Manufacturing
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.2.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sheldon Manufacturing
7.3 Thermo Fisher Scientific
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.3.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Thermo Fisher Scientific
7.4 Memmert
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.4.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Memmert
7.5 BINDER
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.5.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BINDER
7.6 Bellco Glass
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.6.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bellco Glass
7.7 BMT USA
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.7.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BMT USA
7.8 CARON
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.8.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of CARON
7.9 CSK Scientific
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.9.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of CSK Scientific
7.10 Eppendorf
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.10.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Eppendorf
7.11 ESCO Global
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.11.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ESCO Global
7.12 Heal force
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.12.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Heal force
7.13 Labocon
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.13.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Labocon
7.14 N-BIOTEK
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.14.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of N-BIOTEK
7.15 NuAire
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Product
7.15.3 Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of NuAire
7.16 VWR
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF AIR JACKETED CO2 INCUBATOR
8.1 Industry Chain of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF AIR JACKETED CO2 INCUBATOR
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Air Jacketed CO2 Incubator
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF AIR JACKETED CO2 INCUBATOR
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
