The Global Market for Advanced Batteries 2024-2034
Advanced, rechargeable batteries with very efficiency are a key technology enabling improved energy generation and storage for a wide range of applications. Their use will accelerate progress towards sustainable and smart solutions to current energy problems. The Global Market for Advanced Batteries 2024-2034 covers the whole range of advanced battery technologies utilized in markets including Electric Vehicles and Transportation, Consumer Electronics, Grid Storage and Stationary Battery markets.
This 580+ page market report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global advanced battery market to 2034. It covers all advanced battery technologies including lithium-ion, lithium-metal, lithium-sulfur, sodium-ion, aluminum-ion, redox flow, zinc-based, solid-state, flexible, transparent, printed, and more.
The report analyzes the global market by battery type, end-use market, key technologies, materials, major players, product developments, SWOT analyses, and more. It includes historical data from 2018-2022 and market forecasts to 2034 segmented by battery types and end use markets. Battery technologies covered in depth:
This 580+ page market report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global advanced battery market to 2034. It covers all advanced battery technologies including lithium-ion, lithium-metal, lithium-sulfur, sodium-ion, aluminum-ion, redox flow, zinc-based, solid-state, flexible, transparent, printed, and more.
The report analyzes the global market by battery type, end-use market, key technologies, materials, major players, product developments, SWOT analyses, and more. It includes historical data from 2018-2022 and market forecasts to 2034 segmented by battery types and end use markets. Battery technologies covered in depth:
- Lithium-ion
- Lithium-metal
- Lithium-sulfur
- Sodium-ion
- Aluminum-ion
- Redox flow
- Zinc-based
- Solid-state
- Flexible
- Transparent
- Printed
- Electric vehicles and transportation (e.g. trains, trucks, boats)
- Grid storage
- Consumer electronics
- Stationary batteries
1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2 INTRODUCTION
2.1 The global market for advanced batteries
2.1.1 Electric vehicles
2.1.1.1 Market overview
2.1.1.2 Battery Electric Vehicles
2.1.1.3 Electric buses, vans and trucks
2.1.1.4 Electric off-road
2.1.1.5 Market demand and forecasts
2.1.2 Grid storage
2.1.2.1 Market overview
2.1.2.2 Technologies
2.1.2.3 Market demand and forecasts
2.1.3 Consumer electronics
2.1.3.1 Market overview
2.1.3.2 Technologies
2.1.3.3 Market demand and forecasts
2.1.4 Stationary batteries
2.1.4.1 Market overview
2.1.4.2 Technologies
2.1.4.3 Market demand and forecasts
2.1.4.4 Technologies
2.1.4.5 Market demand and forecasts
2.2 Market drivers
2.3 Battery market megatrends
2.4 Advanced materials for batteries
2.5 Motivation for battery development beyond lithium
3 TYPES OF BATTERIES
3.1 Battery chemistries
3.2 LI-ION BATTERIES
3.2.1 Technology description
3.2.1.1 Types of Lithium Batteries
3.2.2 SWOT analysis
3.2.3 Anodes
3.2.3.1 Materials
3.2.3.1.1 Graphite
3.2.3.1.2 Lithium Titanate
3.2.3.1.3 Lithium Metal
3.2.3.1.4 Silicon anodes
3.2.3.1.4.1 Benefits
3.2.3.1.4.2 Development in li-ion batteries
3.2.3.1.4.3 Manufacturing silicon
3.2.3.1.4.4 Costs
3.2.3.1.4.5 Applications
3.2.3.1.4.5.1 EVs
3.2.3.1.4.6 Future outlook
3.2.3.1.5 Alloy materials
3.2.3.1.6 Carbon nanotubes in Li-ion
3.2.3.1.7 Graphene coatings for Li-ion
3.2.4 Li-ion electrolytes
3.2.5 Cathodes
3.2.5.1 Materials
3.2.5.1.1 High-nickel cathode materials
3.2.5.1.2 Manufacturing
3.2.5.1.3 High manganese content
3.2.5.1.4 Li-Mn-rich cathodes
3.2.5.1.5 Lithium Cobalt Oxide(LiCoO2) — LCO
3.2.5.1.6 Lithium Iron Phosphate(LiFePO4) — LFP
3.2.5.1.7 Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4) — LMO
3.2.5.1.8 Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2) — NMC
3.2.5.1.9 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2) — NCA
3.2.5.1.10 LMR-NMC
3.2.5.1.11 Lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnP)
3.2.5.1.12 Lithium manganese iron phosphate (LiMnFePO4 or LMFP)
3.2.5.1.13 Lithium nickel manganese oxide (LNMO)
3.2.5.2 Comparison of key lithium-ion cathode materials
3.2.5.3 Emerging cathode material synthesis methods
3.2.5.4 Cathode coatings
3.2.6 Binders and conductive additives
3.2.6.1 Materials
3.2.7 Separators
3.2.7.1 Materials
3.2.8 Platinum group metals
3.2.9 Li-ion battery market players
3.2.10 Li-ion recycling
3.2.10.1 Comparison of recycling techniques
3.2.10.2 Hydrometallurgy
3.2.10.2.1 Method overview
3.2.10.2.1.1 Solvent extraction
3.2.10.2.2 SWOT analysis
3.2.10.3 Pyrometallurgy
3.2.10.3.1 Method overview
3.2.10.3.2 SWOT analysis
3.2.10.4 Direct recycling
3.2.10.4.1 Method overview
3.2.10.4.1.1 Electrolyte separation
3.2.10.4.1.2 Separating cathode and anode materials
3.2.10.4.1.3 Binder removal
3.2.10.4.1.4 Relithiation
3.2.10.4.1.5 Cathode recovery and rejuvenation
3.2.10.4.1.6 Hydrometallurgical-direct hybrid recycling
3.2.10.4.2 SWOT analysis
3.2.10.5 Other methods
3.2.10.5.1 Mechanochemical Pretreatment
3.2.10.5.2 Electrochemical Method
3.2.10.5.3 Ionic Liquids
3.2.10.6 Recycling of Specific Components
3.2.10.6.1 Anode (Graphite)
3.2.10.6.2 Cathode
3.2.10.6.3 Electrolyte
3.2.10.7 Recycling of Beyond Li-ion Batteries
3.2.10.7.1 Conventional vs Emerging Processes
3.3 LITHIUM-METAL BATTERIES
3.3.1 Technology description
3.3.2 Lithium-metal anodes
3.3.3 Challenges
3.3.4 Energy density
3.3.5 Anode-less Cells
3.3.6 Lithium-metal and solid-state batteries
3.3.7 Applications
3.3.8 SWOT analysis
3.3.9 Product developers
3.4 LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES
3.4.1 Technology description
3.4.1.1 Advantages
3.4.1.2 Challenges
3.4.1.3 Commercialization
3.4.2 SWOT analysis
3.4.3 Product developers
3.5 LITHIUM TITANATE AND NIOBATE BATTERIES
3.5.1 Technology description
3.5.2 Niobium titanium oxide (NTO)
3.5.2.1 Niobium tungsten oxide
3.5.2.2 Vanadium oxide anodes
3.5.3 Product developers
3.6 SODIUM-ION (NA-ION) BATTERIES
3.6.1 Technology description
3.6.1.1 Cathode materials
3.6.1.1.1 Layered transition metal oxides
3.6.1.1.1.1 Types
3.6.1.1.1.2 Cycling performance
3.6.1.1.1.3 Advantages and disadvantages
3.6.1.1.1.4 Market prospects for LO SIB
3.6.1.1.2 Polyanionic materials
3.6.1.1.2.1 Advantages and disadvantages
3.6.1.1.2.2 Types
3.6.1.1.2.3 Market prospects for Poly SIB
3.6.1.1.3 Prussian blue analogues (PBA)
3.6.1.1.3.1 Types
3.6.1.1.3.2 Advantages and disadvantages
3.6.1.1.3.3 Market prospects for PBA-SIB
3.6.1.2 Anode materials
3.6.1.2.1 Hard carbons
3.6.1.2.2 Carbon black
3.6.1.2.3 Graphite
3.6.1.2.4 Carbon nanotubes
3.6.1.2.5 Graphene
3.6.1.2.6 Alloying materials
3.6.1.2.7 Sodium Titanates
3.6.1.2.8 Sodium Metal
3.6.1.3 Electrolytes
3.6.2 Comparative analysis with other battery types
3.6.3 Cost comparison with Li-ion
3.6.4 Materials in sodium-ion battery cells
3.6.5 SWOT analysis
3.6.6 Main players and competitive landscape
3.6.6.1 Battery Manufacturers
3.6.6.2 Large Corporations
3.6.6.3 Automotive Companies
3.6.6.4 Chemicals and Materials Firms
3.7 ALUMINIUM-ION BATTERIES
3.7.1 Technology description
3.7.2 SWOT analysis
3.7.3 Commercialization
3.7.4 Product developers
3.8 ALL-SOLID STATE BATTERIES (ASSBs)
3.8.1 Features and advantages
3.8.2 Technical specifications
3.8.3 Types
3.8.4 Microbatteries
3.8.4.1 Introduction
3.8.4.2 Materials
3.8.4.3 Applications
3.8.4.4 3D designs
3.8.4.4.1 3D printed batteries
3.8.5 Bulk type solid-state batteries
3.8.6 Shortcomings and market challenges for solid-state thin film batteries
3.8.7 Product developers
3.9 FLEXIBLE BATTERIES
3.9.1 Technical specifications
3.9.1.1 Approaches to flexibility
3.9.2 Flexible electronics
3.9.2.1 Flexible materials
3.9.3 Flexible and wearable Metal-sulfur batteries
3.9.4 Flexible and wearable Metal-air batteries
3.9.5 Flexible Lithium-ion Batteries
3.9.5.1 Electrode designs
3.9.5.2 Fiber-shaped Lithium-Ion batteries
3.9.5.3 Stretchable lithium-ion batteries
3.9.5.4 Origami and kirigami lithium-ion batteries
3.9.6 Flexible Li/S batteries
3.9.6.1 Components
3.9.6.2 Carbon nanomaterials
3.9.7 Flexible lithium-manganese dioxide (Li–MnO2) batteries
3.9.8 Flexible zinc-based batteries
3.9.8.1 Components
3.9.8.1.1 Anodes
3.9.8.1.2 Cathodes
3.9.8.2 Challenges
3.9.8.3 Flexible zinc-manganese dioxide (Zn–Mn) batteries
3.9.8.4 Flexible silver–zinc (Ag–Zn) batteries
3.9.8.5 Flexible Zn–Air batteries
3.9.8.6 Flexible zinc-vanadium batteries
3.9.9 Fiber-shaped batteries
3.9.9.1 Carbon nanotubes
3.9.9.2 Types
3.9.9.3 Applications
3.9.9.4 Challenges
3.9.10 Energy harvesting combined with wearable energy storage devices
3.9.11 Product developers
3.10 TRANSPARENT BATTERIES
3.10.1 Technology description
3.10.2 Components
3.10.3 Market outlook
3.11 DEGRADABLE BATTERIES
3.11.1 Technology description
3.11.2 Components
3.11.3 Market outlook
3.12 PRINTED BATTERIES
3.12.1 Technical specifications
3.12.2 Components
3.12.3 Design
3.12.4 Key features
3.12.5 Printable current collectors
3.12.6 Printable electrodes
3.12.7 Materials
3.12.8 Applications
3.12.9 Printing techniques
3.12.10 Lithium-ion (LIB) printed batteries
3.12.11 Zinc-based printed batteries
3.12.12 3D Printed batteries
3.12.12.1 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing
3.12.12.2 Materials for 3D printed batteries
3.12.12.2.1 Electrode materials
3.12.12.2.2 Electrolyte Materials
3.12.13 Market outlook
3.12.14 Product developers
3.13 REDOX FLOW BATTERIES
3.13.1 Technology description
3.13.2 Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB)
3.13.3 Zinc-bromine flow batteries (ZnBr)
3.13.4 Polysulfide bromine flow batteries (PSB)
3.13.5 Iron-chromium flow batteries (ICB)
3.13.6 All-Iron flow batteries
3.13.7 Zinc-iron (Zn-Fe) flow batteries
3.13.8 Hydrogen-bromine (H-Br) flow batteries
3.13.9 Hydrogen-Manganese (H-Mn) flow batteries
3.13.10 Organic flow batteries
3.13.11 Hybrid Flow Batteries
3.13.11.1 Zinc-Cerium Hybrid
3.13.11.2 Zinc-Polyiodide Hybrid Flow Battery
3.13.11.3 Zinc-Nickel Hybrid Flow Battery
3.13.11.4 Zinc-Bromine Hybrid Flow Battery
3.13.11.5 Vanadium-Polyhalide Flow Battery
3.13.12 Market outlook
3.13.13 Product developers
3.14 ZN-BASED BATTERIES
3.14.1 Technology description
3.14.1.1 Zinc-Air batteries
3.14.1.2 Zinc-ion batteries
3.14.1.3 Zinc-bromide
3.14.2 Market outlook
3.14.3 Product developers
4 GLOBAL MARKET TO 2034
4.1 By battery types
4.2 By end market
5 COMPANY PROFILES 293 (311 COMPANY PROFILES)
6 REFERENCES
2 INTRODUCTION
2.1 The global market for advanced batteries
2.1.1 Electric vehicles
2.1.1.1 Market overview
2.1.1.2 Battery Electric Vehicles
2.1.1.3 Electric buses, vans and trucks
2.1.1.4 Electric off-road
2.1.1.5 Market demand and forecasts
2.1.2 Grid storage
2.1.2.1 Market overview
2.1.2.2 Technologies
2.1.2.3 Market demand and forecasts
2.1.3 Consumer electronics
2.1.3.1 Market overview
2.1.3.2 Technologies
2.1.3.3 Market demand and forecasts
2.1.4 Stationary batteries
2.1.4.1 Market overview
2.1.4.2 Technologies
2.1.4.3 Market demand and forecasts
2.1.4.4 Technologies
2.1.4.5 Market demand and forecasts
2.2 Market drivers
2.3 Battery market megatrends
2.4 Advanced materials for batteries
2.5 Motivation for battery development beyond lithium
3 TYPES OF BATTERIES
3.1 Battery chemistries
3.2 LI-ION BATTERIES
3.2.1 Technology description
3.2.1.1 Types of Lithium Batteries
3.2.2 SWOT analysis
3.2.3 Anodes
3.2.3.1 Materials
3.2.3.1.1 Graphite
3.2.3.1.2 Lithium Titanate
3.2.3.1.3 Lithium Metal
3.2.3.1.4 Silicon anodes
3.2.3.1.4.1 Benefits
3.2.3.1.4.2 Development in li-ion batteries
3.2.3.1.4.3 Manufacturing silicon
3.2.3.1.4.4 Costs
3.2.3.1.4.5 Applications
3.2.3.1.4.5.1 EVs
3.2.3.1.4.6 Future outlook
3.2.3.1.5 Alloy materials
3.2.3.1.6 Carbon nanotubes in Li-ion
3.2.3.1.7 Graphene coatings for Li-ion
3.2.4 Li-ion electrolytes
3.2.5 Cathodes
3.2.5.1 Materials
3.2.5.1.1 High-nickel cathode materials
3.2.5.1.2 Manufacturing
3.2.5.1.3 High manganese content
3.2.5.1.4 Li-Mn-rich cathodes
3.2.5.1.5 Lithium Cobalt Oxide(LiCoO2) — LCO
3.2.5.1.6 Lithium Iron Phosphate(LiFePO4) — LFP
3.2.5.1.7 Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4) — LMO
3.2.5.1.8 Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2) — NMC
3.2.5.1.9 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2) — NCA
3.2.5.1.10 LMR-NMC
3.2.5.1.11 Lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnP)
3.2.5.1.12 Lithium manganese iron phosphate (LiMnFePO4 or LMFP)
3.2.5.1.13 Lithium nickel manganese oxide (LNMO)
3.2.5.2 Comparison of key lithium-ion cathode materials
3.2.5.3 Emerging cathode material synthesis methods
3.2.5.4 Cathode coatings
3.2.6 Binders and conductive additives
3.2.6.1 Materials
3.2.7 Separators
3.2.7.1 Materials
3.2.8 Platinum group metals
3.2.9 Li-ion battery market players
3.2.10 Li-ion recycling
3.2.10.1 Comparison of recycling techniques
3.2.10.2 Hydrometallurgy
3.2.10.2.1 Method overview
3.2.10.2.1.1 Solvent extraction
3.2.10.2.2 SWOT analysis
3.2.10.3 Pyrometallurgy
3.2.10.3.1 Method overview
3.2.10.3.2 SWOT analysis
3.2.10.4 Direct recycling
3.2.10.4.1 Method overview
3.2.10.4.1.1 Electrolyte separation
3.2.10.4.1.2 Separating cathode and anode materials
3.2.10.4.1.3 Binder removal
3.2.10.4.1.4 Relithiation
3.2.10.4.1.5 Cathode recovery and rejuvenation
3.2.10.4.1.6 Hydrometallurgical-direct hybrid recycling
3.2.10.4.2 SWOT analysis
3.2.10.5 Other methods
3.2.10.5.1 Mechanochemical Pretreatment
3.2.10.5.2 Electrochemical Method
3.2.10.5.3 Ionic Liquids
3.2.10.6 Recycling of Specific Components
3.2.10.6.1 Anode (Graphite)
3.2.10.6.2 Cathode
3.2.10.6.3 Electrolyte
3.2.10.7 Recycling of Beyond Li-ion Batteries
3.2.10.7.1 Conventional vs Emerging Processes
3.3 LITHIUM-METAL BATTERIES
3.3.1 Technology description
3.3.2 Lithium-metal anodes
3.3.3 Challenges
3.3.4 Energy density
3.3.5 Anode-less Cells
3.3.6 Lithium-metal and solid-state batteries
3.3.7 Applications
3.3.8 SWOT analysis
3.3.9 Product developers
3.4 LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES
3.4.1 Technology description
3.4.1.1 Advantages
3.4.1.2 Challenges
3.4.1.3 Commercialization
3.4.2 SWOT analysis
3.4.3 Product developers
3.5 LITHIUM TITANATE AND NIOBATE BATTERIES
3.5.1 Technology description
3.5.2 Niobium titanium oxide (NTO)
3.5.2.1 Niobium tungsten oxide
3.5.2.2 Vanadium oxide anodes
3.5.3 Product developers
3.6 SODIUM-ION (NA-ION) BATTERIES
3.6.1 Technology description
3.6.1.1 Cathode materials
3.6.1.1.1 Layered transition metal oxides
3.6.1.1.1.1 Types
3.6.1.1.1.2 Cycling performance
3.6.1.1.1.3 Advantages and disadvantages
3.6.1.1.1.4 Market prospects for LO SIB
3.6.1.1.2 Polyanionic materials
3.6.1.1.2.1 Advantages and disadvantages
3.6.1.1.2.2 Types
3.6.1.1.2.3 Market prospects for Poly SIB
3.6.1.1.3 Prussian blue analogues (PBA)
3.6.1.1.3.1 Types
3.6.1.1.3.2 Advantages and disadvantages
3.6.1.1.3.3 Market prospects for PBA-SIB
3.6.1.2 Anode materials
3.6.1.2.1 Hard carbons
3.6.1.2.2 Carbon black
3.6.1.2.3 Graphite
3.6.1.2.4 Carbon nanotubes
3.6.1.2.5 Graphene
3.6.1.2.6 Alloying materials
3.6.1.2.7 Sodium Titanates
3.6.1.2.8 Sodium Metal
3.6.1.3 Electrolytes
3.6.2 Comparative analysis with other battery types
3.6.3 Cost comparison with Li-ion
3.6.4 Materials in sodium-ion battery cells
3.6.5 SWOT analysis
3.6.6 Main players and competitive landscape
3.6.6.1 Battery Manufacturers
3.6.6.2 Large Corporations
3.6.6.3 Automotive Companies
3.6.6.4 Chemicals and Materials Firms
3.7 ALUMINIUM-ION BATTERIES
3.7.1 Technology description
3.7.2 SWOT analysis
3.7.3 Commercialization
3.7.4 Product developers
3.8 ALL-SOLID STATE BATTERIES (ASSBs)
3.8.1 Features and advantages
3.8.2 Technical specifications
3.8.3 Types
3.8.4 Microbatteries
3.8.4.1 Introduction
3.8.4.2 Materials
3.8.4.3 Applications
3.8.4.4 3D designs
3.8.4.4.1 3D printed batteries
3.8.5 Bulk type solid-state batteries
3.8.6 Shortcomings and market challenges for solid-state thin film batteries
3.8.7 Product developers
3.9 FLEXIBLE BATTERIES
3.9.1 Technical specifications
3.9.1.1 Approaches to flexibility
3.9.2 Flexible electronics
3.9.2.1 Flexible materials
3.9.3 Flexible and wearable Metal-sulfur batteries
3.9.4 Flexible and wearable Metal-air batteries
3.9.5 Flexible Lithium-ion Batteries
3.9.5.1 Electrode designs
3.9.5.2 Fiber-shaped Lithium-Ion batteries
3.9.5.3 Stretchable lithium-ion batteries
3.9.5.4 Origami and kirigami lithium-ion batteries
3.9.6 Flexible Li/S batteries
3.9.6.1 Components
3.9.6.2 Carbon nanomaterials
3.9.7 Flexible lithium-manganese dioxide (Li–MnO2) batteries
3.9.8 Flexible zinc-based batteries
3.9.8.1 Components
3.9.8.1.1 Anodes
3.9.8.1.2 Cathodes
3.9.8.2 Challenges
3.9.8.3 Flexible zinc-manganese dioxide (Zn–Mn) batteries
3.9.8.4 Flexible silver–zinc (Ag–Zn) batteries
3.9.8.5 Flexible Zn–Air batteries
3.9.8.6 Flexible zinc-vanadium batteries
3.9.9 Fiber-shaped batteries
3.9.9.1 Carbon nanotubes
3.9.9.2 Types
3.9.9.3 Applications
3.9.9.4 Challenges
3.9.10 Energy harvesting combined with wearable energy storage devices
3.9.11 Product developers
3.10 TRANSPARENT BATTERIES
3.10.1 Technology description
3.10.2 Components
3.10.3 Market outlook
3.11 DEGRADABLE BATTERIES
3.11.1 Technology description
3.11.2 Components
3.11.3 Market outlook
3.12 PRINTED BATTERIES
3.12.1 Technical specifications
3.12.2 Components
3.12.3 Design
3.12.4 Key features
3.12.5 Printable current collectors
3.12.6 Printable electrodes
3.12.7 Materials
3.12.8 Applications
3.12.9 Printing techniques
3.12.10 Lithium-ion (LIB) printed batteries
3.12.11 Zinc-based printed batteries
3.12.12 3D Printed batteries
3.12.12.1 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing
3.12.12.2 Materials for 3D printed batteries
3.12.12.2.1 Electrode materials
3.12.12.2.2 Electrolyte Materials
3.12.13 Market outlook
3.12.14 Product developers
3.13 REDOX FLOW BATTERIES
3.13.1 Technology description
3.13.2 Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB)
3.13.3 Zinc-bromine flow batteries (ZnBr)
3.13.4 Polysulfide bromine flow batteries (PSB)
3.13.5 Iron-chromium flow batteries (ICB)
3.13.6 All-Iron flow batteries
3.13.7 Zinc-iron (Zn-Fe) flow batteries
3.13.8 Hydrogen-bromine (H-Br) flow batteries
3.13.9 Hydrogen-Manganese (H-Mn) flow batteries
3.13.10 Organic flow batteries
3.13.11 Hybrid Flow Batteries
3.13.11.1 Zinc-Cerium Hybrid
3.13.11.2 Zinc-Polyiodide Hybrid Flow Battery
3.13.11.3 Zinc-Nickel Hybrid Flow Battery
3.13.11.4 Zinc-Bromine Hybrid Flow Battery
3.13.11.5 Vanadium-Polyhalide Flow Battery
3.13.12 Market outlook
3.13.13 Product developers
3.14 ZN-BASED BATTERIES
3.14.1 Technology description
3.14.1.1 Zinc-Air batteries
3.14.1.2 Zinc-ion batteries
3.14.1.3 Zinc-bromide
3.14.2 Market outlook
3.14.3 Product developers
4 GLOBAL MARKET TO 2034
4.1 By battery types
4.2 By end market
5 COMPANY PROFILES 293 (311 COMPANY PROFILES)
6 REFERENCES
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Competing technologies for batteries in electric boats.
Table 2. Competing technologies for batteries in grid storage.
Table 3. Competing technologies for batteries in consumer electronics
Table 4. Competing technologies for batteries in stationary batteries.
Table 5. Competing technologies for sodium-ion batteries in grid storage.
Table 6. Market drivers for use of advanced materials and technologies in batteries.
Table 7. Battery market megatrends.
Table 8. Advanced materials for batteries.
Table 9. Commercial Li-ion battery cell composition.
Table 10. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery supply chain.
Table 11. Types of lithium battery.
Table 12. Li-ion battery anode materials.
Table 13. Manufacturing methods for nano-silicon anodes.
Table 14. Markets and applications for silicon anodes.
Table 15. Li-ion battery cathode materials.
Table 16. Key technology trends shaping lithium-ion battery cathode development.
Table 17. Properties of Lithium Cobalt Oxide) as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Table 18. Properties of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP) as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Table 19. Properties of Lithium Manganese Oxide cathode material.
Table 20. Properties of Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC).
Table 21. Properties of Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide
Table 22. Comparison table of key lithium-ion cathode materials
Table 23. Li-ion battery Binder and conductive additive materials.
Table 24. Li-ion battery Separator materials.
Table 25. Li-ion battery market players.
Table 26. Typical lithium-ion battery recycling process flow.
Table 27. Main feedstock streams that can be recycled for lithium-ion batteries.
Table 28. Comparison of LIB recycling methods.
Table 29. Comparison of conventional and emerging processes for recycling beyond lithium-ion batteries.
Table 30. Applications for Li-metal batteries.
Table 31. Li-metal battery developers
Table 32. Comparison of the theoretical energy densities of lithium-sulfur batteries versus other common battery types.
Table 33. Lithium-sulphur battery product developers.
Table 34. Product developers in Lithium titanate and niobate batteries.
Table 35. Comparison of cathode materials.
Table 36. Layered transition metal oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
Table 37. General cycling performance characteristics of common layered transition metal oxide cathode materials.
Table 38. Polyanionic materials for sodium-ion battery cathodes.
Table 39. Comparative analysis of different polyanionic materials.
Table 40. Common types of Prussian Blue Analogue materials used as cathodes or anodes in sodium-ion batteries.
Table 41. Comparison of Na-ion battery anode materials.
Table 42. Hard Carbon producers for sodium-ion battery anodes.
Table 43. Comparison of carbon materials in sodium-ion battery anodes.
Table 44. Comparison between Natural and Synthetic Graphite.
Table 45. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof.
Table 46. Comparison of carbon based anodes.
Table 47. Alloying materials used in sodium-ion batteries.
Table 48. Na-ion electrolyte formulations.
Table 49. Pros and cons compared to other battery types.
Table 50. Cost comparison with Li-ion batteries.
Table 51. Key materials in sodium-ion battery cells.
Table 34. Product developers in aluminium-ion batteries.
Table 52. Market segmentation and status for solid-state batteries.
Table 53. Shortcoming of solid-state thin film batteries.
Table 54. Solid-state thin-film battery market players.
Table 55. Flexible battery applications and technical requirements.
Table 56. Flexible Li-ion battery prototypes.
Table 57. Electrode designs in flexible lithium-ion batteries.
Table 58. Summary of fiber-shaped lithium-ion batteries.
Table 59. Types of fiber-shaped batteries.
Table 54. Product developers in flexible batteries.
Table 60. Components of transparent batteries.
Table 61. Components of degradable batteries.
Table 62. Main components and properties of different printed battery types.
Table 63. Applications of printed batteries and their physical and electrochemical requirements.
Table 64. 2D and 3D printing techniques.
Table 65. Printing techniques applied to printed batteries.
Table 66. Main components and corresponding electrochemical values of lithium-ion printed batteries.
Table 67. Printing technique, main components and corresponding electrochemical values of printed batteries based on Zn–MnO2 and other battery types.
Table 68. Main 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing.
Table 69. Electrode Materials for 3D Printed Batteries.
Table 54. Product developers in printed batteries.
Table 70. Advantages and disadvantages of redox flow batteries.
Table 71. Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB)-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 72. Zinc-bromine (ZnBr) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 73. Polysulfide bromine flow batteries (PSB)-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 74. Iron-chromium (ICB) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 75. All-Iron flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 76. Zinc-iron (Zn-Fe) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 77. Hydrogen-bromine (H-Br) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 78. Hydrogen-Manganese (H-Mn) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 79. Organic flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 80. Zinc-Cerium Hybrid flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 81. Zinc-Polyiodide Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 82. Zinc-Nickel Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 83. Zinc-Bromine Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 84. Vanadium-Polyhalide Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 85. Redox flow batteries product developers.
Table 86. ZN-based battery product developers.
Table 87. Global market for advanced batteries, by battery type, 2018-2035 (Billions USD).
Table 88. Global market for advanced batteries, by end use market, 2018-2035 (Billions USD).
Table 90. CATL sodium-ion battery characteristics.
Table 91. CHAM sodium-ion battery characteristics.
Table 92. Chasm SWCNT products.
Table 93. Faradion sodium-ion battery characteristics.
Table 94. HiNa Battery sodium-ion battery characteristics.
Table 95. Battery performance test specifications of J. Flex batteries.
Table 96. LiNa Energy battery characteristics.
Table 97. Natrium Energy battery characteristics.
Table 1. Competing technologies for batteries in electric boats.
Table 2. Competing technologies for batteries in grid storage.
Table 3. Competing technologies for batteries in consumer electronics
Table 4. Competing technologies for batteries in stationary batteries.
Table 5. Competing technologies for sodium-ion batteries in grid storage.
Table 6. Market drivers for use of advanced materials and technologies in batteries.
Table 7. Battery market megatrends.
Table 8. Advanced materials for batteries.
Table 9. Commercial Li-ion battery cell composition.
Table 10. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery supply chain.
Table 11. Types of lithium battery.
Table 12. Li-ion battery anode materials.
Table 13. Manufacturing methods for nano-silicon anodes.
Table 14. Markets and applications for silicon anodes.
Table 15. Li-ion battery cathode materials.
Table 16. Key technology trends shaping lithium-ion battery cathode development.
Table 17. Properties of Lithium Cobalt Oxide) as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Table 18. Properties of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP) as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Table 19. Properties of Lithium Manganese Oxide cathode material.
Table 20. Properties of Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC).
Table 21. Properties of Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide
Table 22. Comparison table of key lithium-ion cathode materials
Table 23. Li-ion battery Binder and conductive additive materials.
Table 24. Li-ion battery Separator materials.
Table 25. Li-ion battery market players.
Table 26. Typical lithium-ion battery recycling process flow.
Table 27. Main feedstock streams that can be recycled for lithium-ion batteries.
Table 28. Comparison of LIB recycling methods.
Table 29. Comparison of conventional and emerging processes for recycling beyond lithium-ion batteries.
Table 30. Applications for Li-metal batteries.
Table 31. Li-metal battery developers
Table 32. Comparison of the theoretical energy densities of lithium-sulfur batteries versus other common battery types.
Table 33. Lithium-sulphur battery product developers.
Table 34. Product developers in Lithium titanate and niobate batteries.
Table 35. Comparison of cathode materials.
Table 36. Layered transition metal oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
Table 37. General cycling performance characteristics of common layered transition metal oxide cathode materials.
Table 38. Polyanionic materials for sodium-ion battery cathodes.
Table 39. Comparative analysis of different polyanionic materials.
Table 40. Common types of Prussian Blue Analogue materials used as cathodes or anodes in sodium-ion batteries.
Table 41. Comparison of Na-ion battery anode materials.
Table 42. Hard Carbon producers for sodium-ion battery anodes.
Table 43. Comparison of carbon materials in sodium-ion battery anodes.
Table 44. Comparison between Natural and Synthetic Graphite.
Table 45. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof.
Table 46. Comparison of carbon based anodes.
Table 47. Alloying materials used in sodium-ion batteries.
Table 48. Na-ion electrolyte formulations.
Table 49. Pros and cons compared to other battery types.
Table 50. Cost comparison with Li-ion batteries.
Table 51. Key materials in sodium-ion battery cells.
Table 34. Product developers in aluminium-ion batteries.
Table 52. Market segmentation and status for solid-state batteries.
Table 53. Shortcoming of solid-state thin film batteries.
Table 54. Solid-state thin-film battery market players.
Table 55. Flexible battery applications and technical requirements.
Table 56. Flexible Li-ion battery prototypes.
Table 57. Electrode designs in flexible lithium-ion batteries.
Table 58. Summary of fiber-shaped lithium-ion batteries.
Table 59. Types of fiber-shaped batteries.
Table 54. Product developers in flexible batteries.
Table 60. Components of transparent batteries.
Table 61. Components of degradable batteries.
Table 62. Main components and properties of different printed battery types.
Table 63. Applications of printed batteries and their physical and electrochemical requirements.
Table 64. 2D and 3D printing techniques.
Table 65. Printing techniques applied to printed batteries.
Table 66. Main components and corresponding electrochemical values of lithium-ion printed batteries.
Table 67. Printing technique, main components and corresponding electrochemical values of printed batteries based on Zn–MnO2 and other battery types.
Table 68. Main 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing.
Table 69. Electrode Materials for 3D Printed Batteries.
Table 54. Product developers in printed batteries.
Table 70. Advantages and disadvantages of redox flow batteries.
Table 71. Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB)-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 72. Zinc-bromine (ZnBr) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 73. Polysulfide bromine flow batteries (PSB)-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 74. Iron-chromium (ICB) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 75. All-Iron flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 76. Zinc-iron (Zn-Fe) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 77. Hydrogen-bromine (H-Br) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 78. Hydrogen-Manganese (H-Mn) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 79. Organic flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 80. Zinc-Cerium Hybrid flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 81. Zinc-Polyiodide Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 82. Zinc-Nickel Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 83. Zinc-Bromine Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 84. Vanadium-Polyhalide Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications.
Table 85. Redox flow batteries product developers.
Table 86. ZN-based battery product developers.
Table 87. Global market for advanced batteries, by battery type, 2018-2035 (Billions USD).
Table 88. Global market for advanced batteries, by end use market, 2018-2035 (Billions USD).
Table 90. CATL sodium-ion battery characteristics.
Table 91. CHAM sodium-ion battery characteristics.
Table 92. Chasm SWCNT products.
Table 93. Faradion sodium-ion battery characteristics.
Table 94. HiNa Battery sodium-ion battery characteristics.
Table 95. Battery performance test specifications of J. Flex batteries.
Table 96. LiNa Energy battery characteristics.
Table 97. Natrium Energy battery characteristics.
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Annual sales of battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
Figure 2. Sodium-ion grid storage units.
Figure 3. Salt-E Dog mobile battery.
Figure 4. I.Power Nest - Residential Energy Storage System Solution.
Figure 5. Sodium-ion grid storage units.
Figure 6. Costs of batteries to 2030.
Figure 7. Lithium Cell Design.
Figure 8. Functioning of a lithium-ion battery.
Figure 9. Li-ion battery cell pack.
Figure 10. Li-ion electric vehicle (EV) battery.
Figure 11. SWOT analysis: Li-ion batteries.
Figure 12. Silicon anode value chain.
Figure 13. Li-ion electric vehicle (EV) battery.
Figure 14. Li-cobalt structure.
Figure 15. Li-manganese structure.
Figure 16. Typical direct, pyrometallurgical, and hydrometallurgical recycling methods for recovery of Li-ion battery active materials.
Figure 17. Flow chart of recycling processes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
Figure 18. Hydrometallurgical recycling flow sheet.
Figure 19. SWOT analysis for Hydrometallurgy Li-ion Battery Recycling.
Figure 20. Umicore recycling flow diagram.
Figure 21. SWOT analysis for Pyrometallurgy Li-ion Battery Recycling.
Figure 22. Schematic of direct recyling process.
Figure 23. SWOT analysis for Direct Li-ion Battery Recycling.
Figure 24. Schematic diagram of a Li-metal battery.
Figure 25. SWOT analysis: Lithium-metal batteries.
Figure 26. Schematic diagram of Lithium–sulfur battery.
Figure 25. SWOT analysis: Lithium-sulfur batteries.
Figure 27. Schematic of Prussian blue analogues (PBA).
Figure 28. Comparison of SEM micrographs of sphere-shaped natural graphite (NG; after several processing steps) and synthetic graphite (SG).
Figure 29. Overview of graphite production, processing and applications.
Figure 30. Schematic diagram of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT).
Figure 31. Schematic diagram of a Na-ion battery.
Figure 25. SWOT analysis: Sodium-ion batteries.
Figure 32. Saturnose battery chemistry.
Figure 25. SWOT analysis: Aluminium-ion batteries.
Figure 33. Schematic illustration of all-solid-state lithium battery.
Figure 34. ULTRALIFE thin film battery.
Figure 35. Examples of applications of thin film batteries.
Figure 36. Capacities and voltage windows of various cathode and anode materials.
Figure 37. Traditional lithium-ion battery (left), solid state battery (right).
Figure 38. Bulk type compared to thin film type SSB.
Figure 39. Ragone plots of diverse batteries and the commonly used electronics powered by flexible batteries.
Figure 40. Flexible, rechargeable battery.
Figure 41. Various architectures for flexible and stretchable electrochemical energy storage.
Figure 42. Types of flexible batteries.
Figure 43. Flexible label and printed paper battery.
Figure 44. Materials and design structures in flexible lithium ion batteries.
Figure 45. Flexible/stretchable LIBs with different structures.
Figure 46. Schematic of the structure of stretchable LIBs.
Figure 47. Electrochemical performance of materials in flexible LIBs.
Figure 48. a–c) Schematic illustration of coaxial (a), twisted (b), and stretchable (c) LIBs.
Figure 49. a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the superstretchy LIB based on an MWCNT/LMO composite fiber and an MWCNT/LTO composite fiber. b,c) Photograph (b) and the schematic illustration (c) of a stretchable fiber-shaped battery under stretching conditions. d) Schematic illustration of the spring-like stretchable LIB. e) SEM images of a fiberat different strains. f) Evolution of specific capacitance with strain. d–f)
Figure 50. Origami disposable battery.
Figure 51. Zn–MnO2 batteries produced by Brightvolt.
Figure 52. Charge storage mechanism of alkaline Zn-based batteries and zinc-ion batteries.
Figure 53. Zn–MnO2 batteries produced by Blue Spark.
Figure 54. Ag–Zn batteries produced by Imprint Energy.
Figure 55. Wearable self-powered devices.
Figure 56. Transparent batteries.
Figure 57. Degradable batteries.
Figure 58. Various applications of printed paper batteries.
Figure 59.Schematic representation of the main components of a battery.
Figure 60. Schematic of a printed battery in a sandwich cell architecture, where the anode and cathode of the battery are stacked together.
Figure 61. Manufacturing Processes for Conventional Batteries (I), 3D Microbatteries (II), and 3D-Printed Batteries (III).
Figure 62. Scheme of a redox flow battery.
Figure 63. Global market for advanced batteries, by battery type, 2018-2035 (Billions USD).
Figure 64. Global market for advanced batteries, by end use market, 2018-2035 (Billions USD).
Figure 65. 24M battery.
Figure 67. AC biode prototype.
Figure 68. Ampcera’s all-ceramic dense solid-state electrolyte separator sheets (25 um thickness, 50mm x 100mm size, flexible and defect free, room temperature ionic conductivity ~1 mA/cm).
Figure 69. Amprius battery products.
Figure 70. All-polymer battery schematic.
Figure 71. All Polymer Battery Module.
Figure 72. Resin current collector.
Figure 73. Ateios thin-film, printed battery.
Figure 74. Containerized NAS® batteries.
Figure 75. 3D printed lithium-ion battery.
Figure 76. Blue Solution module.
Figure 77. TempTraq wearable patch.
Figure 78. Exide Batteries Lead Acid Battery.
Figure 79. Schematic of a fluidized bed reactor which is able to scale up the generation of SWNTs using the CoMoCAT process.
Figure 80. Cymbet EnerChip™
Figure 81. Rongke Power 400 MWh VRFB.
Figure 82. E-magy nano sponge structure.
Figure 83. SoftBattery®.
Figure 84. Roll-to-roll equipment working with ultrathin steel substrate.
Figure 85. 40 Ah battery cell.
Figure 86. FDK Corp battery.
Figure 87. 2D paper batteries.
Figure 88. 3D Custom Format paper batteries.
Figure 89. Fuji carbon nanotube products.
Figure 90. Gelion Endure battery.
Figure 91. Portable desalination plant.
Figure 92. Grepow flexible battery.
Figure 93. HiNa Battery pack for EV.
Figure 94. JAC demo EV powered by a HiNa Na-ion battery.
Figure 95. Nanofiber Nonwoven Fabrics from Hirose.
Figure 96. Hitachi Zosen solid-state battery.
Figure 97. Ilika solid-state batteries.
Figure 98. ZincPoly™ technology.
Figure 99. TAeTTOOz printable battery materials.
Figure 100. Ionic Materials battery cell.
Figure 101. Schematic of Ion Storage Systems solid-state battery structure.
Figure 102. ITEN micro batteries.
Figure 103. Kite Rise’s A-sample sodium-ion battery module.
Figure 104. LiBEST flexible battery.
Figure 105. Li-FUN sodium-ion battery cells.
Figure 106. LiNa Energy battery.
Figure 107. 3D solid-state thin-film battery technology.
Figure 108. Lyten batteries.
Figure 109. Cellulomix production process.
Figure 110. Nanobase versus conventional products.
Figure 111. Nanotech Energy battery.
Figure 112. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept.
Figure 113. NBD battery.
Figure 114. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production.
Figure 115. TEM images of carbon nanobrush.
Figure 116. EnerCerachip.
Figure 117. Cambrian battery.
Figure 118. Printed battery.
Figure 119. Prieto Foam-Based 3D Battery.
Figure 120. Printed Energy flexible battery.
Figure 121. ProLogium solid-state battery.
Figure 122. QingTao solid-state batteries.
Figure 123. Schematic of the quinone flow battery.
Figure 124. Sakuъ Corporation 3Ah Lithium Metal Solid-state Battery.
Figure 125. SES Apollo batteries.
Figure 126. Sionic Energy battery cell.
Figure 127. Solid Power battery pouch cell.
Figure 128. Stora Enso lignin battery materials.
Figure 129.TeraWatt Technology solid-state battery
Figure 130. Zoolnasm batteries.
Figure 1. Annual sales of battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
Figure 2. Sodium-ion grid storage units.
Figure 3. Salt-E Dog mobile battery.
Figure 4. I.Power Nest - Residential Energy Storage System Solution.
Figure 5. Sodium-ion grid storage units.
Figure 6. Costs of batteries to 2030.
Figure 7. Lithium Cell Design.
Figure 8. Functioning of a lithium-ion battery.
Figure 9. Li-ion battery cell pack.
Figure 10. Li-ion electric vehicle (EV) battery.
Figure 11. SWOT analysis: Li-ion batteries.
Figure 12. Silicon anode value chain.
Figure 13. Li-ion electric vehicle (EV) battery.
Figure 14. Li-cobalt structure.
Figure 15. Li-manganese structure.
Figure 16. Typical direct, pyrometallurgical, and hydrometallurgical recycling methods for recovery of Li-ion battery active materials.
Figure 17. Flow chart of recycling processes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
Figure 18. Hydrometallurgical recycling flow sheet.
Figure 19. SWOT analysis for Hydrometallurgy Li-ion Battery Recycling.
Figure 20. Umicore recycling flow diagram.
Figure 21. SWOT analysis for Pyrometallurgy Li-ion Battery Recycling.
Figure 22. Schematic of direct recyling process.
Figure 23. SWOT analysis for Direct Li-ion Battery Recycling.
Figure 24. Schematic diagram of a Li-metal battery.
Figure 25. SWOT analysis: Lithium-metal batteries.
Figure 26. Schematic diagram of Lithium–sulfur battery.
Figure 25. SWOT analysis: Lithium-sulfur batteries.
Figure 27. Schematic of Prussian blue analogues (PBA).
Figure 28. Comparison of SEM micrographs of sphere-shaped natural graphite (NG; after several processing steps) and synthetic graphite (SG).
Figure 29. Overview of graphite production, processing and applications.
Figure 30. Schematic diagram of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT).
Figure 31. Schematic diagram of a Na-ion battery.
Figure 25. SWOT analysis: Sodium-ion batteries.
Figure 32. Saturnose battery chemistry.
Figure 25. SWOT analysis: Aluminium-ion batteries.
Figure 33. Schematic illustration of all-solid-state lithium battery.
Figure 34. ULTRALIFE thin film battery.
Figure 35. Examples of applications of thin film batteries.
Figure 36. Capacities and voltage windows of various cathode and anode materials.
Figure 37. Traditional lithium-ion battery (left), solid state battery (right).
Figure 38. Bulk type compared to thin film type SSB.
Figure 39. Ragone plots of diverse batteries and the commonly used electronics powered by flexible batteries.
Figure 40. Flexible, rechargeable battery.
Figure 41. Various architectures for flexible and stretchable electrochemical energy storage.
Figure 42. Types of flexible batteries.
Figure 43. Flexible label and printed paper battery.
Figure 44. Materials and design structures in flexible lithium ion batteries.
Figure 45. Flexible/stretchable LIBs with different structures.
Figure 46. Schematic of the structure of stretchable LIBs.
Figure 47. Electrochemical performance of materials in flexible LIBs.
Figure 48. a–c) Schematic illustration of coaxial (a), twisted (b), and stretchable (c) LIBs.
Figure 49. a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the superstretchy LIB based on an MWCNT/LMO composite fiber and an MWCNT/LTO composite fiber. b,c) Photograph (b) and the schematic illustration (c) of a stretchable fiber-shaped battery under stretching conditions. d) Schematic illustration of the spring-like stretchable LIB. e) SEM images of a fiberat different strains. f) Evolution of specific capacitance with strain. d–f)
Figure 50. Origami disposable battery.
Figure 51. Zn–MnO2 batteries produced by Brightvolt.
Figure 52. Charge storage mechanism of alkaline Zn-based batteries and zinc-ion batteries.
Figure 53. Zn–MnO2 batteries produced by Blue Spark.
Figure 54. Ag–Zn batteries produced by Imprint Energy.
Figure 55. Wearable self-powered devices.
Figure 56. Transparent batteries.
Figure 57. Degradable batteries.
Figure 58. Various applications of printed paper batteries.
Figure 59.Schematic representation of the main components of a battery.
Figure 60. Schematic of a printed battery in a sandwich cell architecture, where the anode and cathode of the battery are stacked together.
Figure 61. Manufacturing Processes for Conventional Batteries (I), 3D Microbatteries (II), and 3D-Printed Batteries (III).
Figure 62. Scheme of a redox flow battery.
Figure 63. Global market for advanced batteries, by battery type, 2018-2035 (Billions USD).
Figure 64. Global market for advanced batteries, by end use market, 2018-2035 (Billions USD).
Figure 65. 24M battery.
Figure 67. AC biode prototype.
Figure 68. Ampcera’s all-ceramic dense solid-state electrolyte separator sheets (25 um thickness, 50mm x 100mm size, flexible and defect free, room temperature ionic conductivity ~1 mA/cm).
Figure 69. Amprius battery products.
Figure 70. All-polymer battery schematic.
Figure 71. All Polymer Battery Module.
Figure 72. Resin current collector.
Figure 73. Ateios thin-film, printed battery.
Figure 74. Containerized NAS® batteries.
Figure 75. 3D printed lithium-ion battery.
Figure 76. Blue Solution module.
Figure 77. TempTraq wearable patch.
Figure 78. Exide Batteries Lead Acid Battery.
Figure 79. Schematic of a fluidized bed reactor which is able to scale up the generation of SWNTs using the CoMoCAT process.
Figure 80. Cymbet EnerChip™
Figure 81. Rongke Power 400 MWh VRFB.
Figure 82. E-magy nano sponge structure.
Figure 83. SoftBattery®.
Figure 84. Roll-to-roll equipment working with ultrathin steel substrate.
Figure 85. 40 Ah battery cell.
Figure 86. FDK Corp battery.
Figure 87. 2D paper batteries.
Figure 88. 3D Custom Format paper batteries.
Figure 89. Fuji carbon nanotube products.
Figure 90. Gelion Endure battery.
Figure 91. Portable desalination plant.
Figure 92. Grepow flexible battery.
Figure 93. HiNa Battery pack for EV.
Figure 94. JAC demo EV powered by a HiNa Na-ion battery.
Figure 95. Nanofiber Nonwoven Fabrics from Hirose.
Figure 96. Hitachi Zosen solid-state battery.
Figure 97. Ilika solid-state batteries.
Figure 98. ZincPoly™ technology.
Figure 99. TAeTTOOz printable battery materials.
Figure 100. Ionic Materials battery cell.
Figure 101. Schematic of Ion Storage Systems solid-state battery structure.
Figure 102. ITEN micro batteries.
Figure 103. Kite Rise’s A-sample sodium-ion battery module.
Figure 104. LiBEST flexible battery.
Figure 105. Li-FUN sodium-ion battery cells.
Figure 106. LiNa Energy battery.
Figure 107. 3D solid-state thin-film battery technology.
Figure 108. Lyten batteries.
Figure 109. Cellulomix production process.
Figure 110. Nanobase versus conventional products.
Figure 111. Nanotech Energy battery.
Figure 112. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept.
Figure 113. NBD battery.
Figure 114. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production.
Figure 115. TEM images of carbon nanobrush.
Figure 116. EnerCerachip.
Figure 117. Cambrian battery.
Figure 118. Printed battery.
Figure 119. Prieto Foam-Based 3D Battery.
Figure 120. Printed Energy flexible battery.
Figure 121. ProLogium solid-state battery.
Figure 122. QingTao solid-state batteries.
Figure 123. Schematic of the quinone flow battery.
Figure 124. Sakuъ Corporation 3Ah Lithium Metal Solid-state Battery.
Figure 125. SES Apollo batteries.
Figure 126. Sionic Energy battery cell.
Figure 127. Solid Power battery pouch cell.
Figure 128. Stora Enso lignin battery materials.
Figure 129.TeraWatt Technology solid-state battery
Figure 130. Zoolnasm batteries.
