Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2016-2026
Report Summary
Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2016-2026 offers a comprehensive analysis on Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Regional Market Size of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) 2016-2021, and development forecast 2022-2026
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) worldwide, with company and product introduction, position in the Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) market
Market status and development trend of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC), and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challengesSince the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost 100 countries around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency.The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Ammonium Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) market in 2020.COVID-19 can affect the global economy in three main ways: by directly affecting production and demand, by creating supply chain and market disruption, and by its financial impact on firms and financial markets.The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.This report also analyses the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) industry.
The report segments the global Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) market as:
Global Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2016-2026):
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Rest APAC
Latin America
Global Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2016-2026):
On-boardElectricVehicleCharger(EVC)
Off-boardElectricVehicleCharger(EVC)
Global Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2016-2026; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
ResidentialCharging
CommercialCharging
WorkplaceCharging
Global Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Chargepoint(US)
ABB(Switzerland)
Eaton(Ireland)
Leviton(US)
BlinkCharging(US)
SchneiderElectric(France)
Siemens(Germany)
GeneralElectric(US)
AeroVironment(US)
IESSynergy(France)
Chargemaster(Elektromotive)
Efacec(Portugal)
ClipperCreek(US)
DBT-CEV(France)
PodPoint(UK)
BYD(China)
NARI(China)
XujiGroup(China)
Potivio(China)
AutoElectricPowerPlant(China)
Wanbang(China)
QingdaoTelaidian(China)
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2016-2026 offers a comprehensive analysis on Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Regional Market Size of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) 2016-2021, and development forecast 2022-2026
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) worldwide, with company and product introduction, position in the Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) market
Market status and development trend of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC), and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challengesSince the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost 100 countries around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency.The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Ammonium Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) market in 2020.COVID-19 can affect the global economy in three main ways: by directly affecting production and demand, by creating supply chain and market disruption, and by its financial impact on firms and financial markets.The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.This report also analyses the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) industry.
The report segments the global Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) market as:
Global Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2016-2026):
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Rest APAC
Latin America
Global Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2016-2026):
On-boardElectricVehicleCharger(EVC)
Off-boardElectricVehicleCharger(EVC)
Global Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2016-2026; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
ResidentialCharging
CommercialCharging
WorkplaceCharging
Global Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Chargepoint(US)
ABB(Switzerland)
Eaton(Ireland)
Leviton(US)
BlinkCharging(US)
SchneiderElectric(France)
Siemens(Germany)
GeneralElectric(US)
AeroVironment(US)
IESSynergy(France)
Chargemaster(Elektromotive)
Efacec(Portugal)
ClipperCreek(US)
DBT-CEV(France)
PodPoint(UK)
BYD(China)
NARI(China)
XujiGroup(China)
Potivio(China)
AutoElectricPowerPlant(China)
Wanbang(China)
QingdaoTelaidian(China)
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER (EVC)
1.1 Definition of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
1.2.1 On-boardElectricVehicleCharger(EVC)
1.2.2 Off-boardElectricVehicleCharger(EVC)
1.3 Downstream Application of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
1.3.1 ResidentialCharging
1.3.2 CommercialCharging
1.3.3 WorkplaceCharging
1.4 Development History of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) 2016-2026
1.5.1 Global Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
1.5.2 Regional Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) 2016-2021
2.2 Production Market of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Regions
2.2.1 Production Volume of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Regions
2.2.2 Production Value of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Regions
2.3 Demand Market of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Regions
2.4 Production and Demand Status of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Regions
2.4.1 Production and Demand Status of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Regions 2016-2021
2.4.2 Import and Export Status of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Regions 2016-2021
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Production Volume of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Types
3.2 Production Value of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Downstream Industry
4.2 Market Forecast of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER (EVC)
5.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER (EVC) MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
6.1 Production Volume of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Major Manufacturers
6.2 Production Value of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Major Manufacturers
6.3 Basic Information of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Major Manufacturers
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Major Manufacturer
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Major Manufacturer
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER (EVC) MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Chargepoint(US)
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.1.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Chargepoint(US)
7.2 ABB(Switzerland)
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.2.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ABB(Switzerland)
7.3 Eaton(Ireland)
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.3.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Eaton(Ireland)
7.4 Leviton(US)
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.4.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Leviton(US)
7.5 BlinkCharging(US)
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.5.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BlinkCharging(US)
7.6 SchneiderElectric(France)
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.6.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of SchneiderElectric(France)
7.7 Siemens(Germany)
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.7.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Siemens(Germany)
7.8 GeneralElectric(US)
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.8.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GeneralElectric(US)
7.9 AeroVironment(US)
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.9.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of AeroVironment(US)
7.10 IESSynergy(France)
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.10.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of IESSynergy(France)
7.11 Chargemaster(Elektromotive)
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.11.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Chargemaster(Elektromotive)
7.12 Efacec(Portugal)
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.12.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Efacec(Portugal)
7.13 ClipperCreek(US)
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.13.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ClipperCreek(US)
7.14 DBT-CEV(France)
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.14.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of DBT-CEV(France)
7.15 PodPoint(UK)
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.15.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of PodPoint(UK)
7.16 BYD(China)
7.17 NARI(China)
7.18 XujiGroup(China)
7.19 Potivio(China)
7.20 AutoElectricPowerPlant(China)
7.21 Wanbang(China)
7.22 QingdaoTelaidian(China)
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER (EVC)
8.1 Industry Chain of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER (EVC)
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER (EVC)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
1.2.1 On-boardElectricVehicleCharger(EVC)
1.2.2 Off-boardElectricVehicleCharger(EVC)
1.3 Downstream Application of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
1.3.1 ResidentialCharging
1.3.2 CommercialCharging
1.3.3 WorkplaceCharging
1.4 Development History of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) 2016-2026
1.5.1 Global Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
1.5.2 Regional Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Market Status and Trend 2016-2026
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) 2016-2021
2.2 Production Market of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Regions
2.2.1 Production Volume of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Regions
2.2.2 Production Value of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Regions
2.3 Demand Market of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Regions
2.4 Production and Demand Status of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Regions
2.4.1 Production and Demand Status of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Regions 2016-2021
2.4.2 Import and Export Status of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Regions 2016-2021
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Production Volume of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Types
3.2 Production Value of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Downstream Industry
4.2 Market Forecast of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER (EVC)
5.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER (EVC) MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
6.1 Production Volume of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Major Manufacturers
6.2 Production Value of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Major Manufacturers
6.3 Basic Information of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) by Major Manufacturers
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Major Manufacturer
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Major Manufacturer
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER (EVC) MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Chargepoint(US)
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.1.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Chargepoint(US)
7.2 ABB(Switzerland)
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.2.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ABB(Switzerland)
7.3 Eaton(Ireland)
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.3.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Eaton(Ireland)
7.4 Leviton(US)
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.4.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Leviton(US)
7.5 BlinkCharging(US)
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.5.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BlinkCharging(US)
7.6 SchneiderElectric(France)
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.6.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of SchneiderElectric(France)
7.7 Siemens(Germany)
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.7.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Siemens(Germany)
7.8 GeneralElectric(US)
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.8.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GeneralElectric(US)
7.9 AeroVironment(US)
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.9.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of AeroVironment(US)
7.10 IESSynergy(France)
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.10.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of IESSynergy(France)
7.11 Chargemaster(Elektromotive)
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.11.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Chargemaster(Elektromotive)
7.12 Efacec(Portugal)
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.12.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Efacec(Portugal)
7.13 ClipperCreek(US)
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.13.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ClipperCreek(US)
7.14 DBT-CEV(France)
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.14.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of DBT-CEV(France)
7.15 PodPoint(UK)
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Product
7.15.3 Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of PodPoint(UK)
7.16 BYD(China)
7.17 NARI(China)
7.18 XujiGroup(China)
7.19 Potivio(China)
7.20 AutoElectricPowerPlant(China)
7.21 Wanbang(China)
7.22 QingdaoTelaidian(China)
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER (EVC)
8.1 Industry Chain of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER (EVC)
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC)
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER (EVC)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
