Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole Europe and Regional Market Size of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe, with company and product introduction, position in the Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment market
Market status and development trend of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the Europe Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment market as:
Europe Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Spain
Benelux
Russia
Europe Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Continuous Wave Ultrasound Equipment
Pulsed Wave Ultrasound Equipment
Europe Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Hospitals
Clinics
Other
Europe Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
GE
Philips
Siemens Healthineers
Hitachi Medical Systems
Toshiba Medical Systems
FUJIFILM SonoSite
Alpinion Medical Systems
BenQ Medical Technology
Boston Scientific
Konica Minolta
Samsung Medison
St. Jude Medical
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole Europe and Regional Market Size of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe, with company and product introduction, position in the Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment market
Market status and development trend of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the Europe Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment market as:
Europe Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Spain
Benelux
Russia
Europe Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Continuous Wave Ultrasound Equipment
Pulsed Wave Ultrasound Equipment
Europe Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Hospitals
Clinics
Other
Europe Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
GE
Philips
Siemens Healthineers
Hitachi Medical Systems
Toshiba Medical Systems
FUJIFILM SonoSite
Alpinion Medical Systems
BenQ Medical Technology
Boston Scientific
Konica Minolta
Samsung Medison
St. Jude Medical
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT
1.1 Definition of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
1.2.1 Continuous Wave Ultrasound Equipment
1.2.2 Pulsed Wave Ultrasound Equipment
1.3 Downstream Application of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
1.3.1 Hospitals
1.3.2 Clinics
1.3.3 Other
1.4 Development History of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment 2013-2023
1.5.1 Europe Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Germany 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in United Kingdom 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in France 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Italy 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Spain 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Benelux 2013-2017
2.3.7 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Russia 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole Europe Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Types
3.2 Europe Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in Germany
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in United Kingdom
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in France
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Italy
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Spain
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Benelux
3.2.7 Market Status by Types in Russia
3.3 Market Forecast of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Types
CHAPTER 4 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in Germany
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in United Kingdom
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in France
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in Italy
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in Spain
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in Benelux
4.2.7 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in Russia
4.3 Market Forecast of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT
5.1 Europe Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN EUROPE
6.1 Sales Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 GE
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.1.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GE
7.2 Philips
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.2.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Philips
7.3 Siemens Healthineers
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.3.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Siemens Healthineers
7.4 Hitachi Medical Systems
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.4.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Hitachi Medical Systems
7.5 Toshiba Medical Systems
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.5.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Toshiba Medical Systems
7.6 FUJIFILM SonoSite
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.6.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of FUJIFILM SonoSite
7.7 Alpinion Medical Systems
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.7.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Alpinion Medical Systems
7.8 BenQ Medical Technology
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.8.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BenQ Medical Technology
7.9 Boston Scientific
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.9.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Boston Scientific
7.10 Konica Minolta
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.10.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Konica Minolta
7.11 Samsung Medison
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.11.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Samsung Medison
7.12 St. Jude Medical
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.12.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of St. Jude Medical
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT
8.1 Industry Chain of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
1.2.1 Continuous Wave Ultrasound Equipment
1.2.2 Pulsed Wave Ultrasound Equipment
1.3 Downstream Application of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
1.3.1 Hospitals
1.3.2 Clinics
1.3.3 Other
1.4 Development History of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment 2013-2023
1.5.1 Europe Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Germany 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in United Kingdom 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in France 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Italy 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Spain 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Benelux 2013-2017
2.3.7 Market Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Russia 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole Europe Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Types
3.2 Europe Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in Germany
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in United Kingdom
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in France
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Italy
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Spain
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Benelux
3.2.7 Market Status by Types in Russia
3.3 Market Forecast of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Types
CHAPTER 4 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in Germany
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in United Kingdom
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in France
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in Italy
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in Spain
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in Benelux
4.2.7 Demand Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Downstream Industry in Russia
4.3 Market Forecast of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT
5.1 Europe Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN EUROPE
6.1 Sales Volume of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment in Europe by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 GE
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.1.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of GE
7.2 Philips
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.2.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Philips
7.3 Siemens Healthineers
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.3.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Siemens Healthineers
7.4 Hitachi Medical Systems
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.4.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Hitachi Medical Systems
7.5 Toshiba Medical Systems
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.5.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Toshiba Medical Systems
7.6 FUJIFILM SonoSite
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.6.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of FUJIFILM SonoSite
7.7 Alpinion Medical Systems
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.7.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Alpinion Medical Systems
7.8 BenQ Medical Technology
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.8.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BenQ Medical Technology
7.9 Boston Scientific
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.9.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Boston Scientific
7.10 Konica Minolta
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.10.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Konica Minolta
7.11 Samsung Medison
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.11.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Samsung Medison
7.12 St. Jude Medical
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Product
7.12.3 Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of St. Jude Medical
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT
8.1 Industry Chain of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Ultrasonic Diagnostic Equipment
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
