Camping Cook Sets-Global Market Status & Trend Report 2013-2023 Top 20 Countries Data
Report Summary
Camping Cook Sets-Global Market Status & Trend Report 2013-2023 Top 20 Countries Data offers a comprehensive analysis on Camping Cook Sets industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data in Global major 20 countries and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Global Camping Cook Sets Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain and Benelux)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia and Australia)
Latin America (Brazil, Argentina and Colombia)
Middle East and Africa
Global Camping Cook Sets Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Aluminum
Stainless Steel
Cast Iron
Titanium
Others
Global Camping Cook Sets Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Private Use
Commercial Use
Others
Global Camping Cook Sets Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Camping Cook Sets Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Etekcity
Gold Armour
Bisgear
Stanley
Lodge
G4Free
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Camping Cook Sets-Global Market Status & Trend Report 2013-2023 Top 20 Countries Data offers a comprehensive analysis on Camping Cook Sets industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data in Global major 20 countries and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
- Worldwide and Top 20 Countries Market Size of Camping Cook Sets 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
- Main manufacturers/suppliers of Camping Cook Sets worldwide and market share by regions, with company and product introduction, position in the Camping Cook Sets market
- Market status and development trend of Camping Cook Sets by types and applications
- Cost and profit status of Camping Cook Sets, and marketing status
- Market growth drivers and challenges
Global Camping Cook Sets Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain and Benelux)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia and Australia)
Latin America (Brazil, Argentina and Colombia)
Middle East and Africa
Global Camping Cook Sets Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Aluminum
Stainless Steel
Cast Iron
Titanium
Others
Global Camping Cook Sets Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Private Use
Commercial Use
Others
Global Camping Cook Sets Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Camping Cook Sets Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Etekcity
Gold Armour
Bisgear
Stanley
Lodge
G4Free
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF CAMPING COOK SETS
1.1 Definition of Camping Cook Sets in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Camping Cook Sets
1.2.1 Aluminum
1.2.2 Stainless Steel
1.2.3 Cast Iron
1.2.4 Titanium
1.2.5 Others
1.3 Downstream Application of Camping Cook Sets
1.3.1 Private Use
1.3.2 Commercial Use
1.3.3 Others
1.4 Development History of Camping Cook Sets
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Camping Cook Sets 2013-2023
1.5.1 Global Camping Cook Sets Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Camping Cook Sets Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Camping Cook Sets 2013-2017
2.2 Sales Market of Camping Cook Sets by Regions
2.2.1 Sales Volume of Camping Cook Sets by Regions
2.2.2 Sales Value of Camping Cook Sets by Regions
2.3 Production Market of Camping Cook Sets by Regions
2.4 Global Market Forecast of Camping Cook Sets 2018-2023
2.4.1 Global Market Forecast of Camping Cook Sets 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Forecast of Camping Cook Sets by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Sales Volume of Camping Cook Sets by Types
3.2 Sales Value of Camping Cook Sets by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Camping Cook Sets by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Global Sales Volume of Camping Cook Sets by Downstream Industry
4.2 Global Market Forecast of Camping Cook Sets by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 NORTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
5.1 North America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Countries
5.1.1 North America Camping Cook Sets Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.2 North America Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.3 United States Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.4 Canada Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.5 Mexico Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
5.2 North America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Manufacturers
5.3 North America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.1 North America Camping Cook Sets Sales by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.2 North America Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
5.4 North America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 6 EUROPE MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
6.1 Europe Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Countries
6.1.1 Europe Camping Cook Sets Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.2 Europe Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.3 Germany Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.4 UK Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.5 France Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.6 Italy Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.7 Russia Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.8 Spain Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.9 Benelux Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
6.2 Europe Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Manufacturers
6.3 Europe Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.1 Europe Camping Cook Sets Sales by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.2 Europe Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
6.4 Europe Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 7 ASIA PACIFIC MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
7.1 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Countries
7.1.1 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.2 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.3 China Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.4 Japan Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.5 India Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.6 Southeast Asia Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.7 Australia Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
7.2 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Manufacturers
7.3 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.1 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Sales by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.2 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
7.4 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 8 LATIN AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
8.1 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Countries
8.1.1 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.2 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.3 Brazil Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.4 Argentina Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.5 Colombia Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
8.2 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Manufacturers
8.3 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.1 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Sales by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.2 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
8.4 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 9 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
9.1 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Countries
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.3 Middle East Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
9.1.4 Africa Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
9.2 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Manufacturers
9.3 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.1 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Sales by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.2 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
9.4 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 10 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF CAMPING COOK SETS
10.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
10.2 Camping Cook Sets Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 11 CAMPING COOK SETS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
11.1 Production Volume of Camping Cook Sets by Major Manufacturers
11.2 Production Value of Camping Cook Sets by Major Manufacturers
11.3 Basic Information of Camping Cook Sets by Major Manufacturers
11.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Camping Cook Sets Major Manufacturer
11.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Camping Cook Sets Major Manufacturer
11.4 Market Competition News and Trend
11.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
11.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
11.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 12 CAMPING COOK SETS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
12.1 Etekcity
12.1.1 Company profile
12.1.2 Representative Camping Cook Sets Product
12.1.3 Camping Cook Sets Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Etekcity
12.2 Gold Armour
12.2.1 Company profile
12.2.2 Representative Camping Cook Sets Product
12.2.3 Camping Cook Sets Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Gold Armour
12.3 Bisgear
12.3.1 Company profile
12.3.2 Representative Camping Cook Sets Product
12.3.3 Camping Cook Sets Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bisgear
12.4 Stanley
12.4.1 Company profile
12.4.2 Representative Camping Cook Sets Product
12.4.3 Camping Cook Sets Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Stanley
12.5 Lodge
12.5.1 Company profile
12.5.2 Representative Camping Cook Sets Product
12.5.3 Camping Cook Sets Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Lodge
12.6 G4Free
12.6.1 Company profile
12.6.2 Representative Camping Cook Sets Product
12.6.3 Camping Cook Sets Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of G4Free
CHAPTER 13 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF CAMPING COOK SETS
13.1 Industry Chain of Camping Cook Sets
13.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
13.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 14 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF CAMPING COOK SETS
14.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Camping Cook Sets
14.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Camping Cook Sets
14.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Camping Cook Sets
14.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Camping Cook Sets
CHAPTER 15 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 16 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
16.1 Methodology/Research Approach
16.1.1 Research Programs/Design
16.1.2 Market Size Estimation
16.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
16.2 Data Source
16.2.1 Secondary Sources
16.2.2 Primary Sources
16.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Camping Cook Sets in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Camping Cook Sets
1.2.1 Aluminum
1.2.2 Stainless Steel
1.2.3 Cast Iron
1.2.4 Titanium
1.2.5 Others
1.3 Downstream Application of Camping Cook Sets
1.3.1 Private Use
1.3.2 Commercial Use
1.3.3 Others
1.4 Development History of Camping Cook Sets
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Camping Cook Sets 2013-2023
1.5.1 Global Camping Cook Sets Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Camping Cook Sets Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Camping Cook Sets 2013-2017
2.2 Sales Market of Camping Cook Sets by Regions
2.2.1 Sales Volume of Camping Cook Sets by Regions
2.2.2 Sales Value of Camping Cook Sets by Regions
2.3 Production Market of Camping Cook Sets by Regions
2.4 Global Market Forecast of Camping Cook Sets 2018-2023
2.4.1 Global Market Forecast of Camping Cook Sets 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Forecast of Camping Cook Sets by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Sales Volume of Camping Cook Sets by Types
3.2 Sales Value of Camping Cook Sets by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Camping Cook Sets by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Global Sales Volume of Camping Cook Sets by Downstream Industry
4.2 Global Market Forecast of Camping Cook Sets by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 NORTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
5.1 North America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Countries
5.1.1 North America Camping Cook Sets Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.2 North America Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
5.1.3 United States Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.4 Canada Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
5.1.5 Mexico Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
5.2 North America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Manufacturers
5.3 North America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.1 North America Camping Cook Sets Sales by Type (2013-2017)
5.3.2 North America Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
5.4 North America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 6 EUROPE MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
6.1 Europe Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Countries
6.1.1 Europe Camping Cook Sets Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.2 Europe Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
6.1.3 Germany Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.4 UK Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.5 France Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.6 Italy Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.7 Russia Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.8 Spain Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
6.1.9 Benelux Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
6.2 Europe Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Manufacturers
6.3 Europe Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.1 Europe Camping Cook Sets Sales by Type (2013-2017)
6.3.2 Europe Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
6.4 Europe Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 7 ASIA PACIFIC MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
7.1 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Countries
7.1.1 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.2 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
7.1.3 China Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.4 Japan Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.5 India Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.6 Southeast Asia Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
7.1.7 Australia Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
7.2 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Manufacturers
7.3 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.1 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Sales by Type (2013-2017)
7.3.2 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
7.4 Asia Pacific Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 8 LATIN AMERICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
8.1 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Countries
8.1.1 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.2 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
8.1.3 Brazil Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.4 Argentina Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
8.1.5 Colombia Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
8.2 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Manufacturers
8.3 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.1 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Sales by Type (2013-2017)
8.3.2 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
8.4 Latin America Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 9 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MARKET STATUS BY COUNTRIES, TYPE, MANUFACTURERS AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
9.1 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Countries
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Sales by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Countries (2013-2017)
9.1.3 Middle East Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
9.1.4 Africa Camping Cook Sets Market Status (2013-2017)
9.2 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Manufacturers
9.3 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.1 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Sales by Type (2013-2017)
9.3.2 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Revenue by Type (2013-2017)
9.4 Middle East and Africa Camping Cook Sets Market Status by Downstream Industry (2013-2017)
CHAPTER 10 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF CAMPING COOK SETS
10.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
10.2 Camping Cook Sets Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 11 CAMPING COOK SETS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
11.1 Production Volume of Camping Cook Sets by Major Manufacturers
11.2 Production Value of Camping Cook Sets by Major Manufacturers
11.3 Basic Information of Camping Cook Sets by Major Manufacturers
11.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Camping Cook Sets Major Manufacturer
11.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Camping Cook Sets Major Manufacturer
11.4 Market Competition News and Trend
11.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
11.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
11.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 12 CAMPING COOK SETS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
12.1 Etekcity
12.1.1 Company profile
12.1.2 Representative Camping Cook Sets Product
12.1.3 Camping Cook Sets Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Etekcity
12.2 Gold Armour
12.2.1 Company profile
12.2.2 Representative Camping Cook Sets Product
12.2.3 Camping Cook Sets Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Gold Armour
12.3 Bisgear
12.3.1 Company profile
12.3.2 Representative Camping Cook Sets Product
12.3.3 Camping Cook Sets Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Bisgear
12.4 Stanley
12.4.1 Company profile
12.4.2 Representative Camping Cook Sets Product
12.4.3 Camping Cook Sets Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Stanley
12.5 Lodge
12.5.1 Company profile
12.5.2 Representative Camping Cook Sets Product
12.5.3 Camping Cook Sets Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Lodge
12.6 G4Free
12.6.1 Company profile
12.6.2 Representative Camping Cook Sets Product
12.6.3 Camping Cook Sets Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of G4Free
CHAPTER 13 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF CAMPING COOK SETS
13.1 Industry Chain of Camping Cook Sets
13.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
13.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 14 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF CAMPING COOK SETS
14.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Camping Cook Sets
14.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Camping Cook Sets
14.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Camping Cook Sets
14.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Camping Cook Sets
CHAPTER 15 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 16 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
16.1 Methodology/Research Approach
16.1.1 Research Programs/Design
16.1.2 Market Size Estimation
16.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
16.2 Data Source
16.2.1 Secondary Sources
16.2.2 Primary Sources
16.3 Reference
