Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Regional Market Size of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) worldwide, with company and product introduction, position in the Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) market
Market status and development trend of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0), and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the global Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) market as:
Global Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Rest APAC
Latin America
Global Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Content 90%
Content 95%
Content 98%
Global Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Indoor Aromatic Agent
Detergent
Substitute of Linalool
Other
Global Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Summit
Oasis
Alfa Aesar
Neuchem
Parchem Fine & Specialty Chemicals
Neostar United Industrial Co., Ltd.
Pfaltz & Bauer
Vigon International, Inc.
Acade Chemical Co., Ltd.
Orcas International
Oxiquimica
Yick-Vic Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals (HK) Ltd.
Advanced Technology & Industrial Co., Ltd.
Conier Chem & Pharma Limited
Angene International Limited
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Worldwide and Regional Market Size of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main manufacturers/suppliers of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) worldwide, with company and product introduction, position in the Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) market
Market status and development trend of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0), and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the global Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) market as:
Global Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Production Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Rest APAC
Latin America
Global Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Market: Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Content 90%
Content 95%
Content 98%
Global Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Indoor Aromatic Agent
Detergent
Substitute of Linalool
Other
Global Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Summit
Oasis
Alfa Aesar
Neuchem
Parchem Fine & Specialty Chemicals
Neostar United Industrial Co., Ltd.
Pfaltz & Bauer
Vigon International, Inc.
Acade Chemical Co., Ltd.
Orcas International
Oxiquimica
Yick-Vic Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals (HK) Ltd.
Advanced Technology & Industrial Co., Ltd.
Conier Chem & Pharma Limited
Angene International Limited
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF TERPINYL ACETATE (CAS 8007-35-0)
1.1 Definition of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
1.2.1 Content 90%
1.2.2 Content 95%
1.2.3 Content 98%
1.3 Downstream Application of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
1.3.1 Indoor Aromatic Agent
1.3.2 Detergent
1.3.3 Substitute of Linalool
1.3.4 Other
1.4 Development History of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) 2013-2023
1.5.1 Global Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) 2013-2017
2.2 Production Market of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Regions
2.2.1 Production Volume of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Regions
2.2.2 Production Value of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Regions
2.3 Demand Market of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Regions
2.4 Production and Demand Status of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Regions
2.4.1 Production and Demand Status of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Regions 2013-2017
2.4.2 Import and Export Status of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Regions 2013-2017
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Production Volume of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Types
3.2 Production Value of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Downstream Industry
4.2 Market Forecast of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF TERPINYL ACETATE (CAS 8007-35-0)
5.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 TERPINYL ACETATE (CAS 8007-35-0) MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
6.1 Production Volume of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Major Manufacturers
6.2 Production Value of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Major Manufacturers
6.3 Basic Information of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Major Manufacturers
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Major Manufacturer
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Major Manufacturer
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 TERPINYL ACETATE (CAS 8007-35-0) MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Summit
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.1.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Summit
7.2 Oasis
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.2.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Oasis
7.3 Alfa Aesar
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.3.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Alfa Aesar
7.4 Neuchem
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.4.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Neuchem
7.5 Parchem Fine & Specialty Chemicals
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.5.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Parchem Fine & Specialty Chemicals
7.6 Neostar United Industrial Co., Ltd.
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.6.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Neostar United Industrial Co., Ltd.
7.7 Pfaltz & Bauer
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.7.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Pfaltz & Bauer
7.8 Vigon International, Inc.
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.8.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Vigon International, Inc.
7.9 Acade Chemical Co., Ltd.
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.9.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Acade Chemical Co., Ltd.
7.10 Orcas International
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.10.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Orcas International
7.11 Oxiquimica
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.11.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Oxiquimica
7.12 Yick-Vic Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals (HK) Ltd.
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.12.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Yick-Vic Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals (HK) Ltd.
7.13 Advanced Technology & Industrial Co., Ltd.
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.13.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Advanced Technology & Industrial Co., Ltd.
7.14 Conier Chem & Pharma Limited
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.14.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Conier Chem & Pharma Limited
7.15 Angene International Limited
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.15.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Angene International Limited
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF TERPINYL ACETATE (CAS 8007-35-0)
8.1 Industry Chain of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF TERPINYL ACETATE (CAS 8007-35-0)
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF TERPINYL ACETATE (CAS 8007-35-0)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
1.2.1 Content 90%
1.2.2 Content 95%
1.2.3 Content 98%
1.3 Downstream Application of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
1.3.1 Indoor Aromatic Agent
1.3.2 Detergent
1.3.3 Substitute of Linalool
1.3.4 Other
1.4 Development History of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) 2013-2023
1.5.1 Global Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Development of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) 2013-2017
2.2 Production Market of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Regions
2.2.1 Production Volume of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Regions
2.2.2 Production Value of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Regions
2.3 Demand Market of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Regions
2.4 Production and Demand Status of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Regions
2.4.1 Production and Demand Status of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Regions 2013-2017
2.4.2 Import and Export Status of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Regions 2013-2017
CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Production Volume of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Types
3.2 Production Value of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Types
3.3 Market Forecast of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Types
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Downstream Industry
4.2 Market Forecast of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF TERPINYL ACETATE (CAS 8007-35-0)
5.1 Global Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 TERPINYL ACETATE (CAS 8007-35-0) MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
6.1 Production Volume of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Major Manufacturers
6.2 Production Value of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Major Manufacturers
6.3 Basic Information of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) by Major Manufacturers
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Major Manufacturer
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Major Manufacturer
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 TERPINYL ACETATE (CAS 8007-35-0) MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Summit
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.1.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Summit
7.2 Oasis
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.2.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Oasis
7.3 Alfa Aesar
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.3.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Alfa Aesar
7.4 Neuchem
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.4.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Neuchem
7.5 Parchem Fine & Specialty Chemicals
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.5.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Parchem Fine & Specialty Chemicals
7.6 Neostar United Industrial Co., Ltd.
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.6.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Neostar United Industrial Co., Ltd.
7.7 Pfaltz & Bauer
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.7.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Pfaltz & Bauer
7.8 Vigon International, Inc.
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.8.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Vigon International, Inc.
7.9 Acade Chemical Co., Ltd.
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.9.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Acade Chemical Co., Ltd.
7.10 Orcas International
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.10.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Orcas International
7.11 Oxiquimica
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.11.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Oxiquimica
7.12 Yick-Vic Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals (HK) Ltd.
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.12.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Yick-Vic Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals (HK) Ltd.
7.13 Advanced Technology & Industrial Co., Ltd.
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.13.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Advanced Technology & Industrial Co., Ltd.
7.14 Conier Chem & Pharma Limited
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.14.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Conier Chem & Pharma Limited
7.15 Angene International Limited
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Product
7.15.3 Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Angene International Limited
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF TERPINYL ACETATE (CAS 8007-35-0)
8.1 Industry Chain of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF TERPINYL ACETATE (CAS 8007-35-0)
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Terpinyl Acetate (CAS 8007-35-0)
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF TERPINYL ACETATE (CAS 8007-35-0)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
