Oil & Gas Pipeline-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
Oil & Gas Pipeline-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Oil & Gas Pipeline industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole Europe and Regional Market Size of Oil & Gas Pipeline 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe, with company and product introduction, position in the Oil & Gas Pipeline market
Market status and development trend of Oil & Gas Pipeline by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Oil & Gas Pipeline, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the Europe Oil & Gas Pipeline market as:
Europe Oil & Gas Pipeline Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Spain
Benelux
Russia
Europe Oil & Gas Pipeline Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Electric Resistance Welding Steel Pipe
Submerged Arc Welding Steel Pipe
Seamless Steel Pipe
Polyethylene & Composite
Europe Oil & Gas Pipeline Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Oil Delivery
Natural Gas Delivery
Europe Oil & Gas Pipeline Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Gazprom
British Petroleum p.l.c.
China National Petroleum Corporation
Kinder Morgan Inc.
Chevron Corporation
Royal Dutch Shell p.l.c
ConocoPhillips
Eni S.p.A
Tenaris S.A.
Europipe
TMK
Chelpipe
National Oilwell Varco
Welspun Corp Ltd.
Maharashtra Seamless Ltd.
EVRAZ North America
General Electric
TechnipFMC
Saipem S.p.A
Subsea 7 S.A.
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Oil & Gas Pipeline-Europe Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Oil & Gas Pipeline industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole Europe and Regional Market Size of Oil & Gas Pipeline 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe, with company and product introduction, position in the Oil & Gas Pipeline market
Market status and development trend of Oil & Gas Pipeline by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Oil & Gas Pipeline, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the Europe Oil & Gas Pipeline market as:
Europe Oil & Gas Pipeline Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Spain
Benelux
Russia
Europe Oil & Gas Pipeline Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Electric Resistance Welding Steel Pipe
Submerged Arc Welding Steel Pipe
Seamless Steel Pipe
Polyethylene & Composite
Europe Oil & Gas Pipeline Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Oil Delivery
Natural Gas Delivery
Europe Oil & Gas Pipeline Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Gazprom
British Petroleum p.l.c.
China National Petroleum Corporation
Kinder Morgan Inc.
Chevron Corporation
Royal Dutch Shell p.l.c
ConocoPhillips
Eni S.p.A
Tenaris S.A.
Europipe
TMK
Chelpipe
National Oilwell Varco
Welspun Corp Ltd.
Maharashtra Seamless Ltd.
EVRAZ North America
General Electric
TechnipFMC
Saipem S.p.A
Subsea 7 S.A.
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF OIL & GAS PIPELINE
1.1 Definition of Oil & Gas Pipeline in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Oil & Gas Pipeline
1.2.1 Electric Resistance Welding Steel Pipe
1.2.2 Submerged Arc Welding Steel Pipe
1.2.3 Seamless Steel Pipe
1.2.4 Polyethylene & Composite
1.3 Downstream Application of Oil & Gas Pipeline
1.3.1 Oil Delivery
1.3.2 Natural Gas Delivery
1.4 Development History of Oil & Gas Pipeline
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Oil & Gas Pipeline 2013-2023
1.5.1 Europe Oil & Gas Pipeline Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Oil & Gas Pipeline Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Germany 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in United Kingdom 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in France 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Italy 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Spain 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Benelux 2013-2017
2.3.7 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Russia 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole Europe Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Types
3.2 Europe Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in Germany
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in United Kingdom
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in France
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Italy
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Spain
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Benelux
3.2.7 Market Status by Types in Russia
3.3 Market Forecast of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Types
CHAPTER 4 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in Germany
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in United Kingdom
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in France
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in Italy
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in Spain
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in Benelux
4.2.7 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in Russia
4.3 Market Forecast of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS PIPELINE
5.1 Europe Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Oil & Gas Pipeline Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 OIL & GAS PIPELINE MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN EUROPE
6.1 Sales Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Oil & Gas Pipeline Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Oil & Gas Pipeline Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 OIL & GAS PIPELINE MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Gazprom
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.1.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Gazprom
7.2 British Petroleum p.l.c.
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.2.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of British Petroleum p.l.c.
7.3 China National Petroleum Corporation
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.3.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of China National Petroleum Corporation
7.4 Kinder Morgan Inc.
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.4.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Kinder Morgan Inc.
7.5 Chevron Corporation
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.5.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Chevron Corporation
7.6 Royal Dutch Shell p.l.c
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.6.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Royal Dutch Shell p.l.c
7.7 ConocoPhillips
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.7.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ConocoPhillips
7.8 Eni S.p.A
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.8.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Eni S.p.A
7.9 Tenaris S.A.
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.9.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Tenaris S.A.
7.10 Europipe
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.10.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Europipe
7.11 TMK
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.11.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of TMK
7.12 Chelpipe
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.12.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Chelpipe
7.13 National Oilwell Varco
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.13.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of National Oilwell Varco
7.14 Welspun Corp Ltd.
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.14.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Welspun Corp Ltd.
7.15 Maharashtra Seamless Ltd.
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.15.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Maharashtra Seamless Ltd.
7.16 EVRAZ North America
7.17 General Electric
7.18 TechnipFMC
7.19 Saipem S.p.A
7.20 Subsea 7 S.A.
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS PIPELINE
8.1 Industry Chain of Oil & Gas Pipeline
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS PIPELINE
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS PIPELINE
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Oil & Gas Pipeline in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Oil & Gas Pipeline
1.2.1 Electric Resistance Welding Steel Pipe
1.2.2 Submerged Arc Welding Steel Pipe
1.2.3 Seamless Steel Pipe
1.2.4 Polyethylene & Composite
1.3 Downstream Application of Oil & Gas Pipeline
1.3.1 Oil Delivery
1.3.2 Natural Gas Delivery
1.4 Development History of Oil & Gas Pipeline
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Oil & Gas Pipeline 2013-2023
1.5.1 Europe Oil & Gas Pipeline Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Oil & Gas Pipeline Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Germany 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in United Kingdom 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in France 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Italy 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Spain 2013-2017
2.3.6 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Benelux 2013-2017
2.3.7 Market Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Russia 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe 2018-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Regions 2018-2023
CHAPTER 3 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole Europe Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Types
3.2 Europe Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in Germany
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in United Kingdom
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in France
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in Italy
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in Spain
3.2.6 Market Status by Types in Benelux
3.2.7 Market Status by Types in Russia
3.3 Market Forecast of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Types
CHAPTER 4 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in Germany
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in United Kingdom
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in France
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in Italy
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in Spain
4.2.6 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in Benelux
4.2.7 Demand Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Downstream Industry in Russia
4.3 Market Forecast of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS PIPELINE
5.1 Europe Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Oil & Gas Pipeline Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 OIL & GAS PIPELINE MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN EUROPE
6.1 Sales Volume of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Oil & Gas Pipeline in Europe by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Oil & Gas Pipeline by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Oil & Gas Pipeline Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Oil & Gas Pipeline Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 OIL & GAS PIPELINE MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Gazprom
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.1.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Gazprom
7.2 British Petroleum p.l.c.
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.2.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of British Petroleum p.l.c.
7.3 China National Petroleum Corporation
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.3.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of China National Petroleum Corporation
7.4 Kinder Morgan Inc.
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.4.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Kinder Morgan Inc.
7.5 Chevron Corporation
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.5.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Chevron Corporation
7.6 Royal Dutch Shell p.l.c
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.6.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Royal Dutch Shell p.l.c
7.7 ConocoPhillips
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.7.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ConocoPhillips
7.8 Eni S.p.A
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.8.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Eni S.p.A
7.9 Tenaris S.A.
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.9.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Tenaris S.A.
7.10 Europipe
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.10.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Europipe
7.11 TMK
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.11.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of TMK
7.12 Chelpipe
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.12.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Chelpipe
7.13 National Oilwell Varco
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.13.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of National Oilwell Varco
7.14 Welspun Corp Ltd.
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.14.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Welspun Corp Ltd.
7.15 Maharashtra Seamless Ltd.
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Oil & Gas Pipeline Product
7.15.3 Oil & Gas Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Maharashtra Seamless Ltd.
7.16 EVRAZ North America
7.17 General Electric
7.18 TechnipFMC
7.19 Saipem S.p.A
7.20 Subsea 7 S.A.
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS PIPELINE
8.1 Industry Chain of Oil & Gas Pipeline
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS PIPELINE
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Oil & Gas Pipeline
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF OIL & GAS PIPELINE
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
