Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll-North America Market Status and Trend Report 2015-2026
Report Summary
Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll-North America Market Status and Trend Report 2015-2026 offers a comprehensive analysis on Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole North America and Regional Market Size of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll 2015-2019, and development forecast 2020-2026
Main market players of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America, with company and product introduction, position in the Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll market
Market status and development trend of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challengesSince the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost 100 countries around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency.The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Ammonium Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll market in 2020.COVID-19 can affect the global economy in three main ways: by directly affecting production and demand, by creating supply chain and market disruption, and by its financial impact on firms and financial markets.The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.This report also analyses the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll industry.
The report segments the North America Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll market as:
North America Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2015-2026):
United States
Canada
Mexico
North America Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2015-2026):
Less Than 0.2mm
0.2-0.8mm
Others
North America Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2015-2026; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Chemical Industry
Vehicle Industry
Construction and Transportation
Pharmaceutical Industry
Others
North America Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Marudhar Industries
Sun Process Conversions
Rainbow Plastics India Limited
All Foils
Primacy Systems Private Limited
Grainger
Wrapper India
Zenco Industries
KVS Flexxifoils
Alufoil
LanRen Aluminium
Henan Mingtai Al
HTMM
HAOMEI Aluminum Foil
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll-North America Market Status and Trend Report 2015-2026 offers a comprehensive analysis on Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole North America and Regional Market Size of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll 2015-2019, and development forecast 2020-2026
Main market players of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America, with company and product introduction, position in the Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll market
Market status and development trend of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challengesSince the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost 100 countries around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency.The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Ammonium Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll market in 2020.COVID-19 can affect the global economy in three main ways: by directly affecting production and demand, by creating supply chain and market disruption, and by its financial impact on firms and financial markets.The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.This report also analyses the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll industry.
The report segments the North America Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll market as:
North America Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2015-2026):
United States
Canada
Mexico
North America Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2015-2026):
Less Than 0.2mm
0.2-0.8mm
Others
North America Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2015-2026; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Chemical Industry
Vehicle Industry
Construction and Transportation
Pharmaceutical Industry
Others
North America Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
Marudhar Industries
Sun Process Conversions
Rainbow Plastics India Limited
All Foils
Primacy Systems Private Limited
Grainger
Wrapper India
Zenco Industries
KVS Flexxifoils
Alufoil
LanRen Aluminium
Henan Mingtai Al
HTMM
HAOMEI Aluminum Foil
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM FOIL ROLL
1.1 Definition of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
1.2.1 Less Than 0.2mm
1.2.2 0.2-0.8mm
1.2.3 Others
1.3 Downstream Application of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
1.3.1 Chemical Industry
1.3.2 Vehicle Industry
1.3.3 Construction and Transportation
1.3.4 Pharmaceutical Industry
1.3.5 Others
1.4 Development History of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll 2015-2026
1.5.1 North America Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Market Status and Trend 2015-2026
1.5.2 Regional Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Market Status and Trend 2015-2026
CHAPTER 2 NORTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America 2015-2019
2.2 Consumption Market of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in United States 2015-2019
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in Canada 2015-2019
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in Mexico 2015-2019
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America 2020-2026
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America 2020-2026
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll by Regions 2020-2026
CHAPTER 3 NORTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole North America Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Types
3.2 North America Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in United States
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Canada
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in Mexico
3.3 Market Forecast of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Types
CHAPTER 4 NORTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll by Downstream Industry in United States
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll by Downstream Industry in Canada
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll by Downstream Industry in Mexico
4.3 Market Forecast of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM FOIL ROLL
5.1 North America Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM FOIL ROLL MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN NORTH AMERICA
6.1 Sales Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM FOIL ROLL MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Marudhar Industries
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.1.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Marudhar Industries
7.2 Sun Process Conversions
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.2.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sun Process Conversions
7.3 Rainbow Plastics India Limited
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.3.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Rainbow Plastics India Limited
7.4 All Foils
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.4.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of All Foils
7.5 Primacy Systems Private Limited
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.5.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Primacy Systems Private Limited
7.6 Grainger
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.6.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Grainger
7.7 Wrapper India
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.7.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Wrapper India
7.8 Zenco Industries
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.8.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Zenco Industries
7.9 KVS Flexxifoils
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.9.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of KVS Flexxifoils
7.10 Alufoil
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.10.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Alufoil
7.11 LanRen Aluminium
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.11.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of LanRen Aluminium
7.12 Henan Mingtai Al
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.12.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Henan Mingtai Al
7.13 HTMM
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.13.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of HTMM
7.14 HAOMEI Aluminum Foil
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.14.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of HAOMEI Aluminum Foil
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM FOIL ROLL
8.1 Industry Chain of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM FOIL ROLL
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM FOIL ROLL
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
1.2.1 Less Than 0.2mm
1.2.2 0.2-0.8mm
1.2.3 Others
1.3 Downstream Application of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
1.3.1 Chemical Industry
1.3.2 Vehicle Industry
1.3.3 Construction and Transportation
1.3.4 Pharmaceutical Industry
1.3.5 Others
1.4 Development History of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll 2015-2026
1.5.1 North America Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Market Status and Trend 2015-2026
1.5.2 Regional Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Market Status and Trend 2015-2026
CHAPTER 2 NORTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America 2015-2019
2.2 Consumption Market of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in United States 2015-2019
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in Canada 2015-2019
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in Mexico 2015-2019
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America 2020-2026
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America 2020-2026
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll by Regions 2020-2026
CHAPTER 3 NORTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole North America Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Types
3.2 North America Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in United States
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Canada
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in Mexico
3.3 Market Forecast of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Types
CHAPTER 4 NORTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll by Downstream Industry in United States
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll by Downstream Industry in Canada
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll by Downstream Industry in Mexico
4.3 Market Forecast of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM FOIL ROLL
5.1 North America Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM FOIL ROLL MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN NORTH AMERICA
6.1 Sales Volume of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll in North America by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM FOIL ROLL MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 Marudhar Industries
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.1.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Marudhar Industries
7.2 Sun Process Conversions
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.2.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Sun Process Conversions
7.3 Rainbow Plastics India Limited
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.3.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Rainbow Plastics India Limited
7.4 All Foils
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.4.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of All Foils
7.5 Primacy Systems Private Limited
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.5.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Primacy Systems Private Limited
7.6 Grainger
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.6.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Grainger
7.7 Wrapper India
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.7.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Wrapper India
7.8 Zenco Industries
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.8.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Zenco Industries
7.9 KVS Flexxifoils
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.9.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of KVS Flexxifoils
7.10 Alufoil
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.10.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Alufoil
7.11 LanRen Aluminium
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.11.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of LanRen Aluminium
7.12 Henan Mingtai Al
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.12.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Henan Mingtai Al
7.13 HTMM
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.13.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of HTMM
7.14 HAOMEI Aluminum Foil
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Product
7.14.3 Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of HAOMEI Aluminum Foil
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM FOIL ROLL
8.1 Industry Chain of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM FOIL ROLL
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Industrial Aluminum Foil Roll
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM FOIL ROLL
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
