Global Synthetic Leather Market Research Report 2021-2025
Synthetic leather is a material that is designed to look like natural leather, and is often made from plastic. It is available in a wide variety of textures, colors, finishes, and sometimes, smells. In the context of China-US trade war and COVID-19 epidemic, it will have a big influence on this market. Synthetic Leather Report by Material, Application, and Geography – Global Forecast to 2025 is a professional and comprehensive research report on the world’s major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China).
In this report, the global Synthetic Leather market is valued at USD XX million in 2021 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2021 to 2025.
The report firstly introduced the Synthetic Leather basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
Kuraray Co. Ltd. (Japan)
San Fang Chemical Industry Co. Ltd (Taiwan)
Teijin Limited (Japan)
Mayur Uniquoters Ltd. (India)
Nan Ya Plastics Co. Ltd. (Taiwan)
Filwel Co. Ltd. (Japan)
Zhejiang Hexin Industry Group Co., Ltd. (China)
Alfatex (Italy)
H.R. Polycoats Pvt. Ltd. (India)
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
General Type
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Synthetic Leather for each application, including-
Automotive
Clothing
In this report, the global Synthetic Leather market is valued at USD XX million in 2021 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2021 to 2025.
The report firstly introduced the Synthetic Leather basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
Kuraray Co. Ltd. (Japan)
San Fang Chemical Industry Co. Ltd (Taiwan)
Teijin Limited (Japan)
Mayur Uniquoters Ltd. (India)
Nan Ya Plastics Co. Ltd. (Taiwan)
Filwel Co. Ltd. (Japan)
Zhejiang Hexin Industry Group Co., Ltd. (China)
Alfatex (Italy)
H.R. Polycoats Pvt. Ltd. (India)
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
General Type
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Synthetic Leather for each application, including-
Automotive
Clothing
PART I SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
CHAPTER ONE SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Synthetic Leather Definition
1.2 Synthetic Leather Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Synthetic Leather Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Synthetic Leather Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Synthetic Leather Application Analysis
1.3.1 Synthetic Leather Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Synthetic Leather Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Synthetic Leather Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Synthetic Leather Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Synthetic Leather Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Synthetic Leather Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Synthetic Leather Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Synthetic Leather Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Synthetic Leather Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Synthetic Leather Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Synthetic Leather Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Synthetic Leather Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO SYNTHETIC LEATHER UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Synthetic Leather Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA SYNTHETIC LEATHER MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Synthetic Leather Product Development History
3.2 Asia Synthetic Leather Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Synthetic Leather Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2016-2021 ASIA SYNTHETIC LEATHER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
4.2 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
4.4 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
4.6 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA SYNTHETIC LEATHER KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
6.2 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
6.4 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
6.6 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN SYNTHETIC LEATHER MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Synthetic Leather Product Development History
7.2 North American Synthetic Leather Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Synthetic Leather Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2016-2021 NORTH AMERICAN SYNTHETIC LEATHER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
8.2 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
8.4 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
8.6 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN SYNTHETIC LEATHER KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
10.2 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
10.4 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
10.6 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE SYNTHETIC LEATHER MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Synthetic Leather Product Development History
11.2 Europe Synthetic Leather Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Synthetic Leather Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2016-2021 EUROPE SYNTHETIC LEATHER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
12.2 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
12.4 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
12.6 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE SYNTHETIC LEATHER KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
14.2 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
14.4 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
14.6 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V SYNTHETIC LEATHER MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN SYNTHETIC LEATHER MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Synthetic Leather Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Synthetic Leather Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Synthetic Leather Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN SYNTHETIC LEATHER NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Synthetic Leather Market Analysis
17.2 Synthetic Leather Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Synthetic Leather New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2016-2021 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC LEATHER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
18.2 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
18.4 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
18.6 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
19.2 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
19.4 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
19.6 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER ONE SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Synthetic Leather Definition
1.2 Synthetic Leather Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Synthetic Leather Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Synthetic Leather Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Synthetic Leather Application Analysis
1.3.1 Synthetic Leather Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Synthetic Leather Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Synthetic Leather Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Synthetic Leather Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Synthetic Leather Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Synthetic Leather Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Synthetic Leather Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Synthetic Leather Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Synthetic Leather Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Synthetic Leather Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Synthetic Leather Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Synthetic Leather Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO SYNTHETIC LEATHER UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Synthetic Leather Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA SYNTHETIC LEATHER MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Synthetic Leather Product Development History
3.2 Asia Synthetic Leather Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Synthetic Leather Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2016-2021 ASIA SYNTHETIC LEATHER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
4.2 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
4.4 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
4.6 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA SYNTHETIC LEATHER KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
6.2 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
6.4 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
6.6 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN SYNTHETIC LEATHER MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Synthetic Leather Product Development History
7.2 North American Synthetic Leather Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Synthetic Leather Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2016-2021 NORTH AMERICAN SYNTHETIC LEATHER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
8.2 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
8.4 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
8.6 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN SYNTHETIC LEATHER KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
10.2 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
10.4 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
10.6 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE SYNTHETIC LEATHER MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Synthetic Leather Product Development History
11.2 Europe Synthetic Leather Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Synthetic Leather Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2016-2021 EUROPE SYNTHETIC LEATHER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
12.2 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
12.4 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
12.6 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE SYNTHETIC LEATHER KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
14.2 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
14.4 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
14.6 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V SYNTHETIC LEATHER MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN SYNTHETIC LEATHER MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Synthetic Leather Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Synthetic Leather Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Synthetic Leather Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN SYNTHETIC LEATHER NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Synthetic Leather Market Analysis
17.2 Synthetic Leather Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Synthetic Leather New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2016-2021 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC LEATHER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
18.2 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
18.4 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
18.6 2016-2021 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Overview
19.2 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Demand Overview
19.4 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Import Export Consumption
19.6 2021-2025 Synthetic Leather Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL SYNTHETIC LEATHER INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
